| GHS-Einstufung | DangerH302 (95%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 80 reports by companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. |
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| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: ButanedinitrileStatus: Active Update: 25-11-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/21898Succinodinitrile: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
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| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Poison |
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| Brandgefahren | This compound is combustible. (NTP, 1992)Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
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| Gesundheitsgefahren | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Succinonitrile: |
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| Gefahrenübersicht | Irritating to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract[Merck Index] See Nitriles. |
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| Reaktive Gruppe | Nitriles |
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| UN-Einstufung | UN Hazard Class: 6.1UN Pack Group: III |
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| Reactivity Profile | SUCCINONITRILE is incompatible with acids and oxidizing agents (such as peroxides and epoxides). Can react violently with strong oxidizing acids. Is hydrolyzed exothermically in both aqueous acid and base to give carboxylic acids (or salts of carboxylic acids). Can react vigorously with reducing agents. |
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| Luftstandards | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Succinonitrile is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. |
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| Chemical Dangers | Decomposes on burning. Decomposes on contact with acids. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including nitrogen oxides and cyanides. Reacts with strong bases. This produces ammonia. Reacts with strong oxidants and strong reducing agents. |
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| Flammable Limits | Combustible Solid |
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| Packaging and Labelling | Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. |
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| Brandbekämpfung | Fires involving this compound can be controlled with dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguishers. (NTP, 1992)Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. |
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| Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen | Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention . |
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| Erste Hilfe | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.(General first aid procedures) |
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| Sichere Lagerung | Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases, strong acids, strong reducing agents and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. |
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| Freisetung ohne Brand | SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with alcohol, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with alcohol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminate area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. |
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| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. |
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| Verschüttetes entsorgen | Ventilation. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. |
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| Preventive Measures | SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.Adequate precautions should be taken against skin or eye contact.The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SUCCINONITRILE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]: |
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| Eye Prevention | Wear safety goggles. |
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| Fire Prevention | NO open flames. |
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| Inhalation Risk | Evaporation at 20 °C is negligiblea harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed. |
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| Treatment | Antidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite, which release the cyanide from the cytochrome system, and rhodanase, which is an enzyme occurring naturally in mammals that combines serum cyanide with thiosulfate, producing comparatively harmless thiocyanate. Oxygen therapy can also be administered. (L97) |
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| Zielorgane | Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system |
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| Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen | Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97) |
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| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 28(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that succinonitrile is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of succinonitrile from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.5X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.00778 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 126.9 g/L(4). Succinonitrile is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.00778 mm Hg(3). In studies with activated sludge, biodegradation of 1.5-3.8% was observed after 6-24 hours(5). These studies suggest that succinonitrile may have been toxic to the microorganisms, since a high concentration of succinonitrile was used(5).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 28(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that succinonitrile is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.5X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.00778 mm Hg(4) and water solubility, 126.9 g/L(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of -0.99(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(9). In studies with activated sludge, biodegradation of 1.5-3.8% was observed after 6-24 hours(10). These studies suggest that succinonitrile may have been toxic to the microorganisms, since a high concentration of succinonitrile was used(10).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), succinonitrile, which has a vapor pressure of 0.00778 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. The reaction of vapor-phase succinonitrile with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is not expected to be an important environmental fate based on the estimated half-life for this reaction in air of 380 days, calculated from its rate constant of 4.3X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg (SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Succinonitrile is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight, since it does not contain functional groups that are expected to absorb light with wavelengths >290 nm(SRC). |
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| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Other Poison - Chemical Asphyxiant |
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| Expositionspfade | The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion and by inhalation.inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contactOral (L96)inhalation (L96)dermal (L96) |
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| Toxizitätsübersicht | Organic nitriles decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro. Consequently the primary mechanism of toxicity for organic nitriles is their production of toxic cyanide ions or hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97) |
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| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Sore throat. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Convulsions.Redness. Pain.Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Headache. Nausea. Vomiting. Convulsions.irritation eyes, skin, respiratory systemheadache, dizziness, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), confusion, convulsionsblurred visiondyspnea (breathing difficulty)abdominal pain, nausea, vomitingCyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97) |
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| ICSC Environmental Data | Environmental effects from the substance have not been investigated adequately. |
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| Medical Surveillance | Medical surveillance should include pre-employment and periodic examinations focused on skin disorders and the cardiovascular, pulmonary and central nervous systems. A history of fainting spells or convulsive disorders might present an added risk for nitrile workers. /Nitriles/ |
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| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for succinonitrile can be estimated to be 28(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that succinonitrile is expected to have very high mobility in soil. |
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| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Exposure to toxic nitriles may rapidly cause death by asphyxiation similar to that resulting from exposure to hydrogen cyanide. Individuals who survived exposure to high concentrations of nitriles were said to have no evidence of residual physiological effects after the recovery from the acute episodethis has led to the opinion that the person either succumbs to the nitrile exposure or recovers completely. /Nitriles//SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes, skin, respiratory systemheadache, dizziness, weakness, giddiness, confusion, convulsionsblurred visiondyspneaabdominal pain, nausea, vomiting./CASE REPORTS/ A 53 yr old male with polyarthritis and chronic bronchitis had been treated for 3 weeks with anti-catarrhal drugs, vitamins, and a daily intramuscular injection of 200 mg succinonitrile. Two hours after the last injection, the patient began vomiting and showed signs of psychomotor agitation and mental confusion accompanied by cold sweating. He was admitted to a hospital with convulsions and mental disorientation. The patient died 2 hours after he was hospitalized during a convulsion. Autopsy showed pronounced visceral congestion and cerebral and pulmonary edema. Histological examination showed a massive and vacuolar hepatic degeneration and a significant nephrosis of the tubules. Because of the odor of bitter almonds when the skull was opened, a chemical analysis for cyanide compounds was conducted. Cyanide concentrations of 0.265 to 1.500 mg/100 mL, reported as potassium-cyanide, were found in the liver, brain, kidney, lungs, and urine. No evidence of cyanide was found in the blood or gastric contents. An ampule of the pharmaceutical product containing the succinonitrile was analyzed. No trace of cyanide was found. .../It was concluded/ that death was due to cyanide poisoning, the cyanide having accumulated in the body as a result of a metabolic disorder when succinonitrile was administered. |
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| Alarmwort | Warnung |
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| Gefahrenhinweise | Code Gefahrenhinweise Gefahrenklasse Abteilung Alarmwort Symbol P-Code H302 |
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