Chlorendic Anhydride

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

LC50 Salmo gairdneri (Rainbow trout, mean length 44mm, mean weight 0.61 g, age 3 months) >1000 mg/L/24 hr; 947.6 mg/L/48 hr (95% confidence interval: 785-1144 mg/L); 422.7 mg/L/96 hr; static, pH 7.54, 10 °C +/- 1 °C, total alkalinity 28 mg/L and CaCO3, total hardness 42 mg/L as CaCO3, specific conductivity 145 umhos/cm /93.81% pure chlorendic anhydride/

LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill sunfish, mean length 27 mm, mean weight 0.19 g, age 3 months) >560 mg/L/24 hr; 710.3 mg/L/48 hr (95% confidence interval: 632.9-797.1 mg/L); 422.7 mg/L/96 hr; static, 22.0 °C +/- 1 °C, pH 7.4, total hardness 42 mg/L as CaCO3, total alkalinity 28 mg/L as CaCO3, specific conductivity 145 umhos/cm /93.81% pure chlorendic anhydride/

LC50 Daphnia magna (age <20 hr) 127.9 mg/L/24 hr (95% confidence interval: 118.1-138.4 mg/L); 110.7 mg/L/48 hr (95% confidence interval: 97.6-125.6 mg/L); static- nonrenewal, 17 +/- 2 °C, pH 4.50-7.43, hardness 52 mg/L as CaCO3, alkalinity 29 mg/L CaCO3, specific conductivity 130 umhos/cm /93.81% pure chlorendic anhydride/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Behavioral observations made during the /acute toxicity/ test indicated that bluegill sunfish exposed to concentrations of 560.0 mg/L and higher died while 320.0 mg/L and lower no abnormal behavior was observed. Mortalities at the higher concentrations may be due to suffocation (some animals were observed to be covered by the material). Consequently, the NOEL was 320 ppm.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Behavioral observations made during the /acute toxicity/ test indicated that rainbow trout exposed to concentrations of 100.0 mg/L and higher became excitable with sounding and dark discoloration observable. In addition, some animals were seen to be covered with the material. Consequently, the NOEL was <100 ppm.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ After 72 hours of exposure /of Selenastrum capricornutum (Green algae)/ to the test substance (added as chlorendic anhydride, /95-100% purity/), /no EC50/... could be identified because algal growth had not been inhibited but /the value was/... considered to be >97.2 mg chlorendic acid/L.

Cough. Sore throat. Wheezing. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Burning sensation.

Redness. Pain.

Burning sensation.

Teratogenicity was evaluated in pregnant Charles River CD rats (25/group) exposed orally by gavage to chlorendic anhydride at dose levels of 0, 25, 100 or 400 mg/kg/day on gestation days (GD) 6-15. Cesarean sections were performed on GD 20. Significant differences were observed between treated and control animals in the following: decreased maternal body weight and weight gain (high-dose group), fetal sex ratio (low-dose level), and increased mean number of postimplantation losses (mid- and high dose groups). No significant differences were observed between treated and control animals in the following: mean number of corpora lutea, viable or nonviable fetuses, mean fetal body weights, and fetal malformations.

The mutagenicity of chlorendic anhydride (CA) was evaluated in Salmonella tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae tester strain D4, both in the presence and absence of added metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction. Based on preliminary bacterial toxicity determinations, CA, diluted with DMSO, was tested for mutagenicity at concentrations up to 500 ug/plate using the plate overlay method. CA did not cause a positive response in any of the bacterial tester strains or the yeast strain, either with or without metabolic activation.

The mutagenicity of chlorendic anhydride was evaluated in a dominant lethal assay using 4 groups of 20 male CD-1 mice exposed orally by gavage at dose levels of 0, 0.022, 0.074 or 0.233 g/kg in a single exposure (in DMSO vehicle). Following exposure, each male was rested for 2 days and then mated for 5 days/week with 2 untreated females/week for 7 consecutive weeks. Mated females were sacrificed 14 days after the midweek of the mating period. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the fertility index relative to controls for all females mated to treated males during week five and females mated to mid-dose level males during week four. There were no differences between females mated to treated and control males with respect to average number of implantations/pregnant female, average resorptions/pregnant female, proportions of dead implants/implant, proportions of females with one or more resorptions, and proportions of females with two or more resorptions.

The pharmacokinetics of chlorendic anhydride was evaluated in four male and eight female Holzman's albino rats ingesting 14C-chlorendic anhydride via gavage in a single dose of 3.65 (Group 1: 2 females), 4.00 (Group 2: 4 females), 5.55 (Group 3: 2 females) or 3.62mg/kg (Group 4; 4 males). Blood was drawn from 4mg/kg treated females at 1, 4, 8, 17, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after dosing. Urine and feces were collected daily in the group 1, group 3 and group 4 rats. Animals were sacrificed 17, 96, 192 and 192 hours post treatment and selected tissue were excised. Regardless of sex, the primary route of excretion was the feces, with 70% of the administered dose being eliminated with in the first 72 hours. Only 10% of the administered dose was eliminated in the urine. After 192 hours, the maximum residues present in any tissue were less than 0.10ppm with the exception of the fat (0.121ppm) and liver (0.296ppm). Blood concentrations of chlorendic anhydride peaked one hour after dosing and was significantly decreased by 96 hours. The absorption of chlorendic anhydride followed the two compartment open model. The first compartment was suggested to consist of the blood and selected tissue which equilibrated rapidly. While the second compartment consisted of the fat which was slow in equilibrating and considered a deep reservoir. The half life of the radiocarbon was less than 2 days except for fat (22.5 days).

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. Repeated or prolonged inhalation exposure may cause asthma. ...The symptoms of asthma often do not become manifest until a few hours have passed and they are aggravated by physical effort.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Can form dust that is markedly irritating to eyes, like related phthalic anhydride.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...Five rats of each sex were used at each dosage level. Volumes of 10 mL/kg of body weight were administered at all dosage levels. Chlorendic anhydride was lethal to 0/10 rats at 807 mg/kg, 2/10 at 1281 mg/kg, 10/10 at 3229 mg/kg, and 10/10 at 5126 mg/kg. /93.81% pure chlorendic anhydride/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups containing 2 male and 2 female rabbits each. The hair was removed from the back of each rabbit (20-30% of the body surface) with an electric clipper. The skin of one male and one female in each group was abraded with a scalpel blade. The abrasions penetrated the stratum corneum, but were not sufficiently deep to cause bleeding. The test material was applied once only to the backs of the rabbits at the following dosage levels: 10,000 and 20,000 mg/kg. ...The following effects were seen at 10,000 mg/kg dosing: Day 1: Slight to marked erythema in 4/4 rabbits; Moderate edema in 3/4 rabbits; Slight atonia in 2/4 rabbits; Very slight coriaceousness in 2/4 rabbits; and sc hemorrhaging in 2/4 rabbits, Day 2: Slight to marked erythema in 4/4 rabbits; Slight to moderate edema in 2/4 rabbits; Slight atonia in 2/4 rabbits; Very slight coriaceousness in 2/4 rabbits; Blanching in 1/4 rabbits; and sc hemorrhaging in 2/4 rabbits. Day 3: Very slight to marked erythema in 4/4 rabbits; Slight edema in 2/4 rabbits; Slight atonia in 2/4 rabbits; Very slight coriaceousness in 2/4 rabbits; and blanching in 1/4 rabbits. /93.81% pure chlorendic anhydride/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Chlorendic anhydride was severely irritating to the eyes of albino rabbits.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Four groups of Charles River CD rats, 15 rats of each sex per group, were fed diets containing 0, 100, 500 or 2500 mg/kg (equivalent to 0, 5, 25 or 125 mg/kg bw/day) chlorendic anhydride for 90 days. They were observed twice daily. Hematological and biochemical tests and urinalyses were performed at 1, 2 and 3 months of the study for five rats of each sex per group. Three high-dosed females died between the fifth and thirteenth week of the study. Mid- and high-dose males and high-dose females had a decreased food consumption, and the mean body weight of mid- and high-dose males and all three treated female groups was decreased, compared to controls. Treated males and females had elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activities at 1, 2 and 3 months of the study. The mean absolute heart weight of male rats and the mean absolute and relative liver weight of male and female rats were statistically significantly decreased at all treatment levels. No compound-related gross lesions were seen in any of the treated rats, and no compound-related microscopic lesions were seen in 10 males and 10 females from the 2500-mg/kg group.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CHLORENDIC ANHYDRIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Mouse oral 2400 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 2300 mg/kg

LD50 Rat (albino) oral 2480 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rabbit (albino) dermal >3000 mg/kg bw

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for CHLORENDIC ANHYDRIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.