Ethoat-methyl (ISO)

In long term therapy, adrenocorticoids antagonize the antiglaucoma effects of anticholinesterases (incr ocular pressure). ... Anticholinergics antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & other muscarinic effects of anticholinesterases on the autonomic & central nervous systems. Tricyclic antidepressants (anticholinergic effects) antagonize the antiglaucoma (miotic) effects of anticholinesterases in glaucoma. ... Antihistamines with anticholinergic effects antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & CNS effects of anticholinesterases. Anticholinesterases potentiate tranquilizing & behavioral changes induced by antihistamines. The actions of anticholinesterase agents on autonomic effector cells, & to some extent those on CNS, are antagonized by atropine, an antidote of choice. Barbiturates are potentiated by anticholinesterases. ... Dexpanthenol potentiates the effects of anticholinesterases. Fluorophosphate insecticides potentiate the effects of other anticholinesterases. /Anticholinesterases/

Barbiturates are potentiated by anticholinesterases. Although barbiturates may be used cautiously in treating convulsions, extreme care is essential in handling poisonings due to anticholinesterases, particularly organophosphorus pesticides. Echothiophate, a cholinesterase inhibitor used as miotic, potentiates other such inhibitors ... Used for other purposes (additive effects) or possibly synergistic. Those exposed to organophosphate insecticides must take strict precautions. ... Organophosphorus insecticides: additive anticholinesterase effects. Hazardous. Patients on anticholinesterases (even topical, such as eye drops) should avoid areas where organophosphorus insecticides ...recently ...used. /Anticholinesterase/

Anticholinesterase (organophosphorus) insecticides antagonize polarizing muscle relaxants. Phenothiazines /and thioxanthenes/: ... May enhance toxic effects of organophosphorus insecticides. /Insecticides, organophosphorus/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 45(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethoate-methyl is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethoate-methyl from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.8X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Ethoate-methyl is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 9.3X10-6 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC,2007).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 45(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethoate-methyl is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.2X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.77(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC,2007).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethoate-methyl, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 9.3X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethoate-methyl is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 8.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase ethoate-methyl may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Ethoate-methyl does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

Workers handling & applying pesticides must undergo an annual medical examination at the beginning of each agricultural season. Contraindications /meaning further clinical evaluations/ for work with /organophosphorus pesticides/ are organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis). The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should /be protected from exposure from/ pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Respiratory Symptom Questionnaires: Questionnaires have been published by the American Thoracic Society and the British Medical Research Council. These questionnaires have been found to be useful in identification of people with chronic bronchitis, however pulmonary function tests such as FEV1 (see pulmonary function test section) have been found to be better predictors of chronic airflow obstruction. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Chest Radiography: This test is widely used for assessing pulmonary disease. Chest radiography been found to be useful for detection of early lung cancer in asymptomatic people, especially for detection of peripheral tumors such as adenocarcinomas. However, even though OSHA mandates this test for exposure to some toxicants such as asbestos, there are conflicting views on its efficacy in detection of pulmonary disease. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Pulmonary Function Tests: The tests that have been found to be practical for population monitoring include: Spirometry and expiratory flow-volume curves; Determination of lung volumes; Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; Single-breath nitrogen washout; Inhalation challenge tests; Serial measurements of peak expiratory flow; Exercise testing. /Organophosphate pesticides/

For more Medical Surveillance (Complete) data for ETHOATE-METHYL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for ethoate-methyl can be estimated to be 45(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethoate-methyl is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The symptoms of chronic poisoning due to organophosphorus pesticides include headache, weakness, feeling of heaviness in head, decline of memory, quick onset of fatigue, disturbed sleep, loss of appetite, & loss of orientation. Psychic disorders, nystagmus, trembling of the hands & other nervous system disorders can be observed in certain cases. Sometimes neuritis, paresis & paralysis develop. /Organophosphorus pesticides/[International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983., p. 1639]

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Immediate or delayed ascending paralysis (dying back axonopathy) starting in the lower extremities may occur. This may be confused with Guillain-Barre syndrome. /Organophosphates and related compounds/[Bronstein, A.C., P.L. Currance; Emergency Care for Hazardous Materials Exposure. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO. Mosby Lifeline. 1994., p. 260]

/CASE REPORTS/ A woman at 34 to 35 weeks' gestation presented in acute respiratory distress with cyanosis and tachypnea and bilateral rhonchi and crepitation. Her heart rate was 78 beats per min and her blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg, with a fetal heart rate of 140 beats per min. The mother was salivating markedly and her pupils were reduced to "pinpoint size." An uncorrected metabolic acidosis was diagnosed. Serum and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase determinations were near zero. Cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning was felt to be the likely cause of her disorders. Administration of atropine 2.4 mg iv bolus with infusion of 0.02 mg/kg/hr lead to unacceptable fetal tachycardia. The woman had shown increased cooperativeness and secretion control until the atropine had to be stopped. A cesarean section was performed for delivery of a hypotonic infant with a 1 min Apgar score of 3. The baby was mechanically ventilated for 2 days and required atropine therapy at 0.1 mg/kg/hr for 8 days. The mother required 8 days of mechanical ventilation and 11 days of atropine therapy. In this case, the infant appeared relatively less poisoned than the mother by a presumed organophosphate exposure. /Organophosphate poisoning/[Haddad, L.M., Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Co., 1990., p. 430]

/SURVEILLANCE/ A follow-up study of 232 people three years after a history of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning disclosed only one person with slight residual blurring of vision that might have been related to the earlier poisoning, though at the time of poisoning over one third of the people had blurring, which lasted only a day or two after exposure was discontinued. The possile exceptional case had findings suggestive of basilar artery insufficiency, rather than effects of poisoning. /Organophosphorus pesticide poisoning/[Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 679]

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ETHOATE-METHYL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for ethoate-methyl(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.77(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for ethoate-methyl is estimated as 2.8X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethoate-methyl is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Ethoate-methyl is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 9.3X10-6 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In adult cattle the minimum toxic oral dose of organophosphate pesticides varies from 1 to 125 mg/kg; the minimum toxic dermal concentration varies from 0.5 to 3%, but these figures are not sacred. The literature is not complete with regard to animal toxicity of organophosphates; even if it were, toxicity values would not be reliable because of the number of factors that influence toxicity of these chemicals under different conditions of use. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Rats fed for 50 days on diet containing 300 ppm gave no toxicity symptoms.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Biologic factors also influence toxicity of organophosphates. Species is very important here. ... Age of the animal is another biologic factor that alters toxicity of organophosphate pesticides. Compounds that do not require enzymatic activation are more toxic in very young animals in which the enzymes of pesticide degradation are deficient. Compounds that require enzymatic activation are not so toxic for very young animals because the enzymes of activation are deficient during the early weeks of life. Sex of the animals can also alter toxicity of organophosphates ... . /Organophosphate pesticides/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Muscarinic signs of /organophosphorus compounds/...consist of hypersalivation, lacrimation, sweating and nasal discharge. Miosis, dyspnea, vomiting, diarrhea and frequency of urination... Nicotinic effects consist of fasciculation of muscles, weakness and paralysis. Central effects /of organophosphorus compounds/...nervousness, apprehension, ataxia, convulsions and coma. Death...due to respiratory failure, or...cardiac arrest. There is little difference betweeen symptoms produced by different...compounds, but route of absorption may influence one system more than another. /Organophosphorus compounds/

Young persons under 18 yr, expectant or nursing mothers, /alcoholics/, or persons for whom work with toxic chemicals is contraindicated on account of their state of health /are at elevated risk from the toxic effects of organophosphorus pesticides. Those individuals with/ organic diseases of the CNS, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of the liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis) /are at elevated risk from exposure/. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Those individuals who are exposed to organophosphorus pesticides with pre-existing/ organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis) /are at elevated risk from exposure/. The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should cease work with pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Used as systemic insecticide and acaricide; Likely discontinued for pesticide use worldwide; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

Systemic insecticide and acaricide /former use/

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Ethoate-methyl (technical grade) as an active ingredient believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as a pesticide.

Listed as "not acceptable ingredient on a label"

FITOS B/77 /is a/ product discontinued by Farmoplant SPA Montedison Group)

/ETHOATE-METHYL IS/ A SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDE & ACARICIDE WITH CONTACT ACTIVITY PARTICULARLY AGAINST OLIVE FLY AT 60 G AI/L, & FRUIT FLIES AT 50 G AI/L. FOR CONTROL OF APHIDS & RED SPIDER MITES ON FRUIT, ARABLE & VEGETABLE CROPS RECOMMENDED RATES 0.15 TO 0.375 KG AI/400 TO 1000 L/HA.