Hexachloraceton

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

General First Aid:

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

0.14 [mg/m3]

3.0 [mg/m3]

18 [mg/m3]

Hexachloroacetone without solvent was mutagenic, and this activity was enhanced when it was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide; in acetone it was not mutagenic. A time dependent reaction of hexachloroacetone with dimethyl sulfoxide was the only test material solvent interaction found. Results show clearly that dimethyl sulfoxide is not an appropriate solvent for hexachloroacetone.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Hexachloroacetone has a vapor pressure of 0.376 mm Hg at 20 °C(2) indicating that the chemical is expected to evaporate significantly from dry surfaces(SRC). The estimated Koc of 1,886(3,SRC) suggests that hexachloroacetone will have low mobility in soil and will not leach(1). No data are available regarding biodegradation or other chemical processes in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: If released to water, hexachloroacetone is expected to evaporate into the atmosphere with a volatilization half-life of 6.5 hours from a model river(SRC). No data are available on other potential degradation processes in water. Based on the estimated Koc of 1,886(1,SRC), hexachloroacetone may partition from the water column to the sediment.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based on a vapor pressure of 0.376 at 20 °C(1), hexachloroacetone will exist almost entirely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC). Hexachloroacetone will not react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in the ambient atmosphere(3,SRC).

Concentration of hexachloroacetone in chlorination stage effluent from a bleached kraft pulp mill in the interior of British Columbia was approximately 1.1 mg/l. (Fresh sample taken immediately prior to analysis) /From table/

Hexachloroacetone was deteted in pulp mill effluents with a concentration of approximately 30 g hexachloroacetone per ton pulp(1) and a concentration of approximately 0.2 g hexachloroacetone in the spent chlorination liquor per ton pulp(2) after the chlorination process. Hexachloroacetone was found in chlorinated municipal sewage effluents at a concentration of 30 ppb(3).

ANALYSIS OF A SAMPLE OF CHLORINATION STAGE EFFLUENT FROM A BLEACHED KRAFT PULP MILL REVEALED THE PRESENCE OF HEXACHLOROACETONE.

Hexachloroacetone was detected after the chlorination process in pulp mill effluents with a concentration of approximately 30 g hexachloroacetone per ton pulp(1) and a concentration of approximately 0.2 g hexachloroacetone in the spent chlorination liquor per ton pulp(2). Hexachloroacetone was found in chlorinated municipal sewage effluents at a concentration of 30 ppb(3). Hexachloroacetone was once used as a weedkiller, but it is currently believed to be of little commercial interest(4).

Based on an estimated log Kow of 3.49(2) and a recommended regression equation, the water solubility is estimated to be 154.7 mg/L(2,SRC). Based on a vapor pressure of 0.376 mm Hg at 20 °C(1) and a water solubility of 154.7 mg/L(2), the Henry's Law constant is estimated to be 8.33X10-4 atm cu-m/mole at 25 °C(SRC). This value of Henry's Law constant suggests that hexachloroacetone will volatilize significantly, but not rapidly from water. Based on this value, the volatilization half-life of hexachloroacetone from a model river 1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec has been estimated to be approximately 6.5 hours(3,SRC).

... /SRP: SIGNIFICANT/ PERCUTANEOUS TOXICITY IN RABBITS.

Inhalation exposure caused pulmonary edema, hemorrhage & congestion in laboratory rats. Only slight repair of lung tissue was noted in these animals, 15 days after exposure. Chronic feeding studies in rats revealed hypertrophy of liver & kidneys, & slight growth depression.

The oral toxicity of hexachloroacetone in adult male albino rats of the Wistar strain was CNS depression. The dermal toxicity in adult male albino rabbits was mild CNS depression and erythema at exposed area. The inhalation toxicity in adult albino rats was CNS depression manifested as hind leg instability, loss of postural and righting reflexes, and death. Gross exam of the lung immediately after death presented a picture of widespread hemorrhage. Edema, hemorrhage and congestion of the lung was evident microscopically 15 days after termination of exposure, with little indication of repair of the injury.

THE MUTAGENIC PROPERTIES OF HEXACHLOROACETONE IN SHORT TERM BACTERIAL MUTAGEN ASSAY SYSTEMS: HEXACHLOROACETONE REVERTS THE AMES SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM STRAINS TA98 & TA100, BUT NOT THE NON-PLASMID STRAINS TA1535, TA1537, & TA1538. IN ABSENCE OF SOLVENT, THE NUMBER OF REVERTANT COLONIES IS 5 TIMES THE SPONTANEOUS REVERSION RATE FOR TA100 & 10 TIMES THE SPONTANEOUS REVERSION RATE FOR TA98 WITH 26 MG HEXACHLOROACETONE/PLATE.

Compounds ... /including/ hexachloroacetone ... identified in pulp mill effluents were screened for genetic activity in growing cells using Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains D7 and XV185-14C without and with S9. Hexachloroacetone without solvent was mutagenic.