1,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-3-nitrobenzene

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

If material on fire, or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn, or burns with difficulty. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Nitrochlorobenzene, para, solid/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Incineration: 1500 °F, 0.5 sec for primary combustion; 2200 °F, 1.0 sec for secondary combustion. The formation of elemental chlorine can be prevented through injection of steam or methane into the combustion process. Nitrogen oxides may be abated through the use of thermal or catalytic devices. /Nitrochlorobenzene/

Trial burn summary: 95% nitrochlorobenzene and 5% dinitrochlorobenzene, liquid injection, afterburner at 1307-1332 °C (2385-2430 °F), residence time 2.3 sec, destruction efficiency of 99.4-99.87% for total organics and > 99.99 - > 99.999 for constituents, hydrochloric acid scrubber efficiency of 99.8%. /Nitrochlorobenzene/

If material not on fire, and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. /Nitrochlorobenzene, para, solid/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Do not handle broken packages without protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Nitrochlorobenzene, para, solid/

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Wear protective gloves when handling the concentrate.

Wear full protective clothing. /Nitrochlorobenzene, para, solid/

This review report has been established as a result of the re-evaluation of tecnazene, made in the context of the work programme for review of existing active substances provided for in Article 8(2) of Directive 91/414/EEC concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market, with a view to the possible inclusion of this substance in Annex I to the Directive. ... Based on the information available in the framework of this evaluation and the proposed conditions of use it was concluded from the evaluation that plant protection products containing tecnazene have not been demonstrated to fulfill the safety requirements laid down in Article 5(1)(a) and (b) of Directive 91/414/EEC. This conclusion has been reached primarily because the evaluation has identified concerns with regard to the safety of this active substance, in particular with regard to mammalian toxicology and effects on non-target organisms. In view of the fact that Hickson and Welch Ltd, the sole remaining notifier of the substance, formally withdrew its support for tecnazene within the EU Peer Review Programme and, therefore, no engagements are made to produce the necessary supplementary data, an inclusion of this active substance in Annex I of Directive 91/414/EEC cannot be envisaged.

LC50; Species: Asellus aquaticus (Aquatic sowbug, length 7-12 mm); Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 13.0-16.5 °C, pH 7.1-7.3, hardness 50 mg/L CaCO3 (30-78 mg/L), dissolved oxygen 8.8-10.2 mg/L; Concentration: 554 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 342-974 ug/L)

LC50; Species: Gammarus pulex (Scud, length 4-9 mm); Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 13.0-16.5 °C, pH 7.1-7.3, hardness 50 mg/L CaCO3 (30-78 mg/L), dissolved oxygen 8.8-10.2 mg/L; Concentration: 270 ug/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Anguilla anguilla (Common eel, length 95-142 mm); Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 13.0-16.5 °C, pH 7.1-7.3, hardness 50 mg/L CaCO3 (30-78 mg/L), dissolved oxygen 8.8-10.2 mg/L; Concentration: 835 ug/L for 14 days (95% confidence interval: 666-1133 ug/L)

LC50; Species: Anguilla anguilla (Common eel, length 95-142 mm); Conditions: freshwater, flow through, hardness 50 mg/L CaCO3 (30-78 mg/L); Concentration: 1400 ug/L for 96 hr

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for TECNAZENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 5750(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 4.38(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that tecnazene is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of tecnazene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Evaporation of tecnazene from a wet sterilized Yolo fine sandy loam soil after 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 days was 49.5%, 73.7%, 80%, 85%, and 90.5%, respectively(5). Tecnazene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.8X10-3 mm Hg(6). A first order rate constant of 7.2/day, which corresponds to a half-life of 0.1 day, was reported for a biodegradation screening study utilizing an anaerobic sewage sludge inoculum(7); therefore, tecnazene may biodegrade rapidly in soil under anaerobic conditions. Tecnazene biodegradation was also observed in Yolo fine sandy loam soil(5). After 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 days incubation at 25 °C, biodegradation values of 8%, 21%, 23%, 26%, and 24% were obtained, respectively, after correction for losses due to volatilization(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 5750(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 4.38(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that tecnazene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 10 hours and 8 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 33 months if adsorption is considered(5). According to a classification scheme(6), BCFs of 1362(7), 1600(8) and 2200(8) show bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). Tecnazene's biodegradation in soil of 90.5% in 300 days(9) suggests that biodegradation in water will be slow(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tecnazene, which has a vapor pressure of 1.8X10-3 mm Hg at 15 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tecnazene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6.1 years(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.2X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).

Residues in peanut butter samples: avg: 1.1 ppb; range: 0.42-4.3 ppb (N= 11)

Washing, peeling, and cooking reduced levels of tecnazene in potatoes. Potatoes that had been treated with 3% tecnazene at a rate of 4.5 g/kg were found to contain 3 mg/kg, after 4-5 months storage. Washing reduced the levels of tecnazene to below 1 mg/kg. Another 50% loss of tecnazene occured when the peeled potatoes were boiled. Market basket surveys in the USA of about 300 potato samples revealed that 14 samples had detectable residues of tecnazene (ie, 0.0001 mg/kg or more). Trace levels (0.01 mg/kg or less) of tecnazene were found in 15 out of 3,500 samples of USA foodstuffs. Analyses of vegetable products in Belgium and Sweden for tecnazene revealed that most of the lettuce, chicory, mushrooms, carrots, sweet peppers, corn, etc, had levels between 0.001 and 0.01 mg/kg fresh weight.

Composite samples collected for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adult Total Diet Study (10/79-9/80) yielded a tecnazene concn of 0.01 ppm in potato samples(1). Composite samples collected for the FDA Adult Total Diet Study (10/80-3/82) yielded a trace of tecnazene in oil and fat samples, a tecnazene concn of 0.005 ppm in garden fruit samples, and a tecnazene concn range of a trace to 0.099 ppm in potato samples(2). Composite samples collected for the FDA Infant and Toddler Total Diet Study (10/79-9/80) yielded a tecnazene concn of 0.007 ppm in potato samples(3). Composite samples collected for the FDA Infant and Toddler Total Diet Study (10/80-3/82) yielded a tecnazene concn range of 0.004 to 0.048 ppm in potato samples and a trace of tecnazene in oil and fat samples(4). Tecnazene was qualitatively identified in 2% of all food samples tested during the Food and Drug Administration pesticide residue monitoring of various food samples for the test periods of 1978-1982(5) and 1983-1986(6).

Results from the Danish national pesticide monitoring program of 1995-1996 found tecnazene in green onions; commodities that had no tecnazene detected were grapefruit, lemon, mandarin/clementine, orange, apple, pear, quince, apricot, cherry, peach, nectarine, plum, grape, strawberry, blackberry, Boysen berry, elderberry, raspberry, rowan berry, bilberry, red current, black current, gooseberry, banana, fig, kiwi, pomegranate, beet root, carrot, celeriac, horseradish, parsnip, parsley root, radish, garlic, onion, tomato, pepper, eggplant, cucumber, melon, squash, sweet corn, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussel sprout, (white, red, spring, Oxheart, Chinese) cabbage, kale, lettuce, spinach, chive, dill, marjoram, oregano, parsley, rosemary, thyme, bean, pea, celery, leek, rhubarb, mushroom, sunflower seed, potato(1). A ten-year study of ready-to-eat foods in the US, 1982-1991, found tecnazene 76 times in 22 foods, with an average concn of 5.7 ng/g, the foods were; vegetable with turkey or chicken baby food, boiled mature lima bean, cucumber, cooked frankfurter, plain granola, brown gravy, creamy peanut butter, peanuts, pecans, blueberry or plain muffin, raw sweet green pepper, potato chips, baked potato, boiled potato, french fries, scalloped potato, instant chocolate pudding, dried raisins, winter squash, beef and vegetable stew, baked sweet potato, mixed canned vegetables(2).

The Average Daily Intake of tecnazene in 8 population groups for the periods 1982-1984, 1984-1986, 1986-1991, 1992 and 3 population groups for 1988 was determined according to the FDA's monitoring program for chemical contaminants in the U.S. food supply (Total Diet Study or Market Basket Study)(1-5). For the monitoring period of 1982-1984, the AVDI in 6-11 month old infants, 2 year old toddlers, 14-16 year old females, 14-16 year old males, 25-30 year old females, 25-30 year old males, 60-65 year old females, and 60-65 year old males, was 6.7, 17.8, 6.8, 7.0, 6.3, 7.1, 6.1, and 6.7 ng/kg-body weight/day, respectively(1). For the monitoring period of 1984-1986, the AVDI in 6-11 month old infants, 2 year old toddlers, 14-16 year old females, 14-16 year old males, 25-30 year old females, 25-30 year old males, 60-65 year old females, and 60-65 year old males, was 5.1, 15.4, 6.2, 5.3, 6.9, 6.5, 6.8, and 6.8 ng/kg-body weight/day, respectively(2). For the monitoring period of 1988, the AVDI in 6-11 month old infants, 14-16 year old males, and 60-65 year old females, was 0.3, 0.2, and 0.2 ng/kg-body weight/day, respectively(3). For the monitoring period of 1986-1991, the AVDI in 6-11 month old infants, 2 year old toddlers, 14-16 year old females, 14-16 year old males, 25-30 year old females, 25-30 year old males, 60-65 year old females, and 60-65 year old males, was 0.1, 0.2, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, and 0.1 ng/kg-body weight/day, respectively(4). For the monitoring period of 1992, the AVDI in 6-11 month old infants, 2 year old toddlers, 14-16 year old females, 14-16 year old males, 25-30 year old females, 25-30 year old males, 60-65 year old females, and 60-65 year old males, was 0.1, 0.2, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, and 0.1 ng/kg-body weight/day, respectively(5).

TETRACHLORONITROBENZENE, AN IMPURITY OF PENTACHLORONITROBENZENE, 0.06% HAS BEEN FOUND IN TERRACLOR.

Tecnazene's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its former use in the US as fungicide and growth regulator(1) will have resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC). As a technical impurity of pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), tecnazene may be released to the environment during PCNB production and use(2).

AEROBIC: Tecnazene biodegradation was observed in Yolo fine sandy loam soil(1). After 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 days incubation at 25 °C, biodegradation values of 8%, 21%, 23%, 26%, and 24% were obtained, respectively, after correction for losses due to volatilization(1).

ANAEROBIC: A first order rate constant of 7.2/day, which corresponds to a half-life of 0.1 day, was reported for a biodegradation screening study utilizing an anaerobic sewage sludge inoculum(1). The major product for anaerobic biodegradation of tecnazene is 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroaniline(1). The redox potential of the anaerobic system was important in determining how the degradation of tecnazene proceeds(1). It was reported that tecnazene biodegradation did not proceed if the redox potential decreased below -0.38 volts relative to an SCE electrode(1).

SOIL: Soil from a cabbage field which had been annually treated with pentachloronitrobenzene at 60 kg/ha for a few years was collected 3 months after the final application and analyzed for pentachloronitrobenzene and related compounds. Pentachloronitrobenzene, pentachloroaniline, 2,3,4,5-tetrachloroaniline, methyl pentachlorophenyl sulfide, sulfoxide, sulfone, 2,3,5,5-tetrachloronitrobenzene (tecnazene), pentachloroanisole, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene, and 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene were detected at 10.1, 8.05, 0.7, 0.52, 9.35, 1.04, 0.67, 0.009, 1.55, 1.22, 0.009, and 0.011 ppm, respectively.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-3-nitrobenzene is found on List B. Case No: 2630; Pesticide type: Fungicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered. Therefore, we are characterizing the case as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.; Active ingredient (AI): 1,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-3-nitrobenzene; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products. Thus, we characterize it as "cancelled."

Used as fungicide and plant growth regulator; to prevent rotting and sprouting of stored potatoes; No longer registered with the EPA for use in the US, cancelled; Registered in the UK for post harvest use on potatoes for long term storage; [HSDB] Used as a fungicide in smoke generators for greenhouses; [INCHEM] Banned for use as pesticide for plant protection and pesticide including biocides in the EU; [eChemPortal: ESIS]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For tecnazene (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 55201) there are 0 label matches. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products ... "cancelled."

Plant growth regulator. /Former, US/

Fungicide and growth regulator

The technical grade material is more than 99% pure and contains less than 1% hexachlorobenzene.

TETRACHLORONITROBENZENE, AN IMPURITY OF PENTACHLORONITROBENZENE, 0.06% HAS BEEN FOUND IN TERRACLOR.

Mixed formulations: (technazene +) lindane; thiabendazole; carbendazim.

The technical grade material is more than 99% pure ...

Arena, Fusarex, dustable powder (60 g ai/kg); Arena, Fusarex G, granules (100 g/kg); Tubostore, granules (50 g/kg). Fumite Techalin, smoke generator (tecnazene + gamma-HCH); Fusarex T, suspension concentrate (flowable) (300 g tecnazene + 100 g thiabendazole/l); Storite SS (tecnazene + thiabendazole).

/As of 1994/ The only use of tecnazene now supported /in the UK/ by the manufacturer is the post-harvest application of granular or dust formulations to potatoes. Tecnazene is applied to potatoes for the control of sprouting and the prevention of weight loss in store. It also controls dry rot (Fusarium spp.) and reduces levels of skin spot (Polyscaytalum pustulans), gangrene (Phoma exigua spp.) and silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani). Tecnazene is only applied to potatoes, post-harvest, intended for long-term storage (4-6 months). This use is registered in the UK and tecnazene is currently marketed in a range of granular and dust formulations by various UK-based companies. /Former use in UK/