2-Chlorbenzoesäure

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Wear rubber gloves, a mask, coveralls, a body shield and self-contained breathing apparatus. /Benzoic acid/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If released to soil, o-chlorobenzoic acid is expected to biodegrade under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions although there may be a lengthy lag period before this process ensues(1-4). Its estimated Henry's Law constant, 3.88X10-8 atm-cu m/mol(5,SRC), and its extrapolated vapor pressure, 6.6X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(6) indicate that it is not expected to volatilize from either moist or dry soil, respectively, to the atmosphere(SRC). Estimated soil adsorption coefficients of 65 and 310(7-9,SRC) indicate that o-chlorobenzoic acid will display moderate to high mobility in soil(10). The pKa of o-chlorobenzoic acid, 2.89 at 25 °C(11), indicates that it will be found predominately dissociated in moist soil under the typical pH's found in the environment(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: If released to water, o-chlorobenzoic acid is expected to biodegrade under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions although there may be a lengthy lag period before this process ensues(1,2,3). Its estimated Henry's Law constant, 6.5X10-8 atm cu m/mol(4,SRC), indicates that it is not expected to significantly volatilize from water to the atmosphere(SRC). The half-life for volatilization from a model river 1 m deep, flowing at 1 m/sec with a wind speed of 3 m/sec is 1180 days(5,SRC). Estimated soil adsorption coefficients of 65 and 310(5,6,7,SRC) indicate that o-chlorobenozic acid will not significantly adsorb to sediment and suspended organic matter(SRC). The pKa of o-chlorobenzoic acid, 2.89 at 25 °C(8), indicates that it will be found predominately dissociated in water under the typical pH's found in the environment(SRC). o-Chlorobenzoic acid may undergo direct photolytic degradation in water(9,SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If released to the atmosphere, o-chlorobenzoic acid may undergo a gas-phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. An estimated rate constant of 5.625X10-13 cu cm/molec-sec(1,SRC) translates to a half-life of 28.5 days for this process(SRC). The water solubility of o-chlorobenzoic acid, 2087 mg/L at 25 °C(2), indicates that it may undergo atmospheric removal by wet deposition processes(SRC).

Estimated soil adsorption coefficients of 65 and 310(1,SRC) obtained from o-chlorobenzoic acid's water solubility, 2087 mg/L at 25 °C(2), and octanol/water partition coefficient, 2.05(3), respectively, can be obtained using an appropriate regression equation. These values indicate that it will display moderate to high mobility in soil(4).

o-Chlorobenzoic acid is used as a preservative for glues and paints and as an intermediate in dye, fungicide, saccharin and agricultural chemicals manufacture(1-2). It may be released to the environment as a fugitive emission during its production, formulation or use(SRC). It may also enter the environment as a result of the chlorination of municipal wastewater(3).

In a survey of standarized tests, o-chlorobenzoic acid was found to biodegrade in the coupled units test, the Zahn-Wellens test, the MITI test, the Sturm test, the OECD screening test and the trickling filter test but not in the closed bottle test or the AFNOR test(1-4). o-Chlorobenzoic acid was listed as a compound amenable to biodegradation under aerobic conditions(5). o-Chlorobenzoic acid at a concn of 100 mg/L underwent oxidation, as measured by oxygen uptake, when inoculated with microorganisms isolated from soil, compost, or mud obtained from a catalytic cracking plant waste lagoon(6). It underwent 100% removal after 96 hrs when incubated with a mixed microbial seed under aerobic conditions(7). o-Chlorobenzoic acid at a concn of 16 mg/L had a lag perod of 25 days when treated with wastewater sludge supernatant and 14-25 days when inoculated with soil; in the presence of glucose, complete disappearance of 8.4 mg/L o-chlorobenzoic acid was observed within 6 days with the wastewater inoculum(8).

o-Chlorobenzoic acid was found to biodegrade when incubated with an anaerobic river sediment after a lag period of 6 months; the lag period decreased to 2 mos when sediment from a river receiving industrial effluent was used(1). It underwent 16% theoretical gas production after a 14 day lag period when inoculated with a primary digester sludge under anaerobic conditions, time not stated(2). o-Chlorobenzoic acid displayed a 6 day lag period in a continuous flow-through bioreactor using a sewage sludge seed(3). Incubation of o-chlorobenzoic acid with a Niagara silt loam sample required >64 days for disappearance of substrate(4). o-Chlorobenzoic acid was listed as being degradation resistant using the Japanese MITI test(5,6).

Estimated bioconcentration factors of 8 and 21(SRC) obtained from o-chlorobenzoic acid's water solubility, 2087 mg/L at 25 °C(2), and octanol/water partition coefficient, 2.05(3), respectively, can be obtained using a appropriate regression equation. These values indicate that it will not significantly bionconcentrate in fish and aquatic organisms(SRC).

The extrapolated vapor pressure of o-chlorobenzoic acid, 6.6X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(1) indicates that it is not expected to significantly volatilize from dry soil(SRC). Its estimated Henry's Law constant, 3.88X10-8 atm cu m/mol(2,SRC), indicates that it will not significantly volatilize from either water or moist soil(SRC). Based on this value, the estimated half-life for volalitilization from a model river 1 m deep, flowing at 1 m/sec and a wind speed of 3 m/sec is 1180 days(3,SRC).

IRRADIATION OF O-CHLOROBENZOIC ACID EITHER BY SUNLIGHT OR BY UV LIGHT DID NOT YIELD NEUTRAL OR ALKALINE PRODUCTS.

Laboratory irradiation of o-chlorobenzoic acid in deoxygenated water using a medium pressure mercury lamp produced o-hyroxybenzoic acid and benzoic acid(1). An estimated rate constant for the gas-phase reaction of o-chlorobenzoic acid with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals of 5.625X10-13 cu cm/molec/sec(2,SRC)translates to a half-life of 28.5 days(SRC) using an average atmospheric hydroxyl radical concn of 5X10+5 molec/cu cm(2).

Occupational exposure to o-chlorobenzoic acid may occur by dermal contact during its production, formulation or use(SRC). Exposure to the general population may occur by ingestion of contaminated drinking water(SRC), as it has been detected in drinking water supplies(1).

o-Chlorobenzoic acid is an anthropogenic compound which may be released to the environment as a fugitive emission during its production, formulation or use as a perservative and chemical intermediate and may be formed and released during chlorination of wastewater. If released to soil, o-chlorobenzoic acid is expected to biodegrade under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, although there may be a lengthy lag periods. It is not expected to significantly volatilize from either moist or dry soil to the atmosphere. o-Chlorobenzoic acid is expected to display moderate to high mobility in soil, and it will be found predominately in the dissociated form in moist soil under environmental conditions. If released to water, o-chlorobenzoic acid is expected to biodegrade under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, although there may be a lengthy lag period. o-Chlorobenzoic acid may undergo direct photolytic degradation in water. It is not expected to significantly volatilize from water to the atmosphere, nor is it expected to significantly adsorb to sediment and suspended organic matter. o-Chlorobenzoic acid will be found predominately in the dissociated form in water under the typical pH's found in the environment. If released to the atmosphere, o-chlorobenzoic acid may undergo a slow gas-phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 28.5 days. o-Chlorobenzoic acid may also undergo atmospheric removal by wet deposition processes. Occupational exposure to o-chlorobenzoic acid may occur by dermal contact during its production, formulation or use. The general population may be exposed to o-chlorobenzoic acid by the ingestion of contaminated drinking water. (SRC)

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Chlorobenzoic acid is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Chlorobenzoic acid/