Framycetin is a tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, an allergen and an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a framycetin(6+).
DecompositionWhen heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Melting Point6 °C (sulfate form)
Optical RotationCrystals from methanol, MP 334-336 °C. Specific optical rotation at 25 °C for D (sodium) line = +87 deg (c = 1) /Neomycin A N-acetyl derivative/
Sicherheit und Regulatorisches
Sicherheitsangaben dienen nur zur Orientierung und ersetzen weder das Sicherheitsdatenblatt (SDB) des Lieferanten noch geltende Vorschriften oder eine fachliche Bewertung.
GHS-Klassifizierung
GHS Classification · 6 Einträge
Danger
H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]
P233, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P321, P330, P333+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
Aggregated GHS information provided per 39 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
Warning
H302 (15.4%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]
Gefahrenhinweise
Regulatory Information · 3 Einträge
D-Streptamine, O-2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-.beta.-L-idopyranosyl-(1â3)-O-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-(1â5)-O-[2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-(1â4)]-2-deoxy-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.
Neomycin: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.
Framycetin sulfate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.
Hazards SummaryAllergic contact dermatitis reported in healthcare, veterinarian, and feed-mill workers; [Kanerva, p. 1819]
FDA Requirements · 5 Einträge
The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, including neomycin sulfate, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. /Neomycin sulfate/
The Generic Animal Drug and Patent Restoration act requires that each sponsor of an approved animal drug must submit to the FDA certain information regarding patents held for the animal drug or its method of use. The Act requires that this information, as well as a list of all animal drug products approved for safety and effectiveness, be made available to the public. Neomycin is included on this list.
Chemie und Industrie
Pharmakologische Informationen
ATC Code · 6 Einträge
R01AX08
S - Sensory organs
D - Dermatologicals
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism
S - Sensory organs
R - Respiratory system
Protein BindingFindings from protein binding studies suggest low protein binding profile for neomycin sulfate, which can range from 0-30% depending on test methods.
Pharmacodynamics · 2 Einträge
Framycetin is used for the treatment of bacterial eye infections such as conjunctivitis. Framycetin is an antibiotic. It is not active against fungi, viruses and most kinds of anaerobic bacteria. Framycetin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of t-RNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Framycetin is useful primarily in infections involving aerobic bacteria bacteria.
Neomycin mediates its bactericidal action by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, thereby suppressing the growth and survival of susceptible bacteria. Following oral administration, the duration of bactericidal activity of neomycin ranged from 48 to 72 hours. By decreasing colonic bacteria that produce ammonia, neomycin was shown to be effective as an adjunctive therapy in hepatic coma to improve neurologic symptoms. Neomycin is active against both gram positive and gram negative organisms, including the major _E. coli_ species resident in the colon as well as the enteropathogenic forms of _E. coli_. It is also active against _Klebsiella_-_Enterobacter_ group. Resistant strains of _E. coli_, _Klebsiella_ and _Proteus spp_. may emerge from neomycin therapy. Neomycin has no antifungal activity and has some activity against some protozoa.
Mechanism of Action · 5 Einträge
Framycetin binds to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA, four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site in the vicinity of nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes.
2 O: · H2O: 50 mg/mL As a stock solution. Stock solutions should be filter sterilized and stored at 2-8°C. Stable at 37°C for 5 days.
Aggregatzustand
powder
Stabilität
Hygroscopic
EPA chemische Informationen
Neomycin (1404-04-2)
The Generic Animal Drug and Patent Restoration act requires that each sponsor of an approved animal drug must submit to the FDA certain information regarding patents held for the animal drug or its method of use. The Act requires that this information, as well as a list of all animal drug products approved for safety and effectiveness, be made available to the public. Neomycin palmitate is included on this list. /Neomycin palmitate/
The Generic Animal Drug and Patent Restoration act requires that each sponsor of an approved animal drug must submit to the FDA certain information regarding patents held for the animal drug or its method of use. The Act requires that this information, as well as a list of all animal drug products approved for safety and effectiveness, be made available to the public. Neomycin sulfate is included on this list. /Neomycin sulfate/
For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for Neomycin (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Special ReportsWHO; Environmental Health Criteria 119: Principles and Methods for the Assessment of Nephrotoxicity Associated with Exposure to Chemicals (1991)
Hazard Classes and Categories · 3 Einträge
Acute Tox. 4 (100%)
Repr. 2 (100%)
Acute Tox. 4 (15.4%)
Sicherheit und Schutzausrüstung
Storage ConditionsStore at 20 deg to 25 °C (68 deg to 77 °F)
Disposal Methods · 1 Eintrag
SRP: Expired or waste pharmaceuticals shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. It is not appropriate to dispose by flushing the pharmaceutical down the toilet or discarding to trash. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.
Toxikologische Informationen
TreatmentHemodialysis will remove neomycin sulfate from the blood. (L1712)
Interactions · 5 Einträge
The effect of the hexacationic aminoglycoside antibiotic, neomycin, on platelet physiological responses, such as aggregation and secretion, as well as changes in phosphoinositide metabolism was studied. Neomycin strongly inhibited thrombin-induced aggregation and secretion whereas the antibiotic had no effect on ionomycin- or TPA-induced platelet functions. The thrombin-induced enhancement of inositol phospholipid metabolism was strongly inhibited by the presence of neomycin whereas the TPA- or ionomycin-induced increase in inositol (32)P-polyphospholipids remained unaffected. The inhibitory effect of some other aminoglycoside antibiotics was compared to that of neomycin and the data demonstrate that the inhibition of platelet secretion and phosphatidic acid production was dependent on the cationic charge of the antibiotic.
Oral neomycin may potentiate the effects of oral anticoagulants, possibly by interfering with GI absorption or synthesis of vitamin K. Prothrombin times should be monitored in patients receiving concomitant oral aminoglycoside and oral anticoagulant therapy, and dosage of the anticoagulant should be adjusted as required.
Systemic levels of neomycin (I) and erythromycin (II) were studied in 8 patients undergoing colon surgery who received oral neomycin sulfate (Mycifradin) and erythromycin base (E-Mycin), one g tablet each, 19, 18 and 9 hr preoperatively. Twelve samples from serum, one from wound muscle and one from the intestinal wall were obtained from each patient in the 26 hr after the initial dose. Considerable variation was observed among levels. The following means were calculated: peak serum levels were 3.4 and 0.59 ug/mL, muscle levels were 1.68 and 0.23 ucg/g and intestinal wall levels were 6.4 and 12.9 ug/g for II and I respectively. Observed times to peak levels were 19 and 12 hr after the initial dose for II and I respectively. The detectable systemic concentrations that result when these agents are given orally for bowel preparation before colon surgery may contribute to the drugs' efficacy.
Although the clinical importance is unclear, oral neomycin has been reported to decrease GI absorption of digoxin, but apparently does not affect the terminal plasma half-life of digoxin. Serum digoxin concentrations should be monitored in patients receiving oral neomycin.
For more Interactions (Complete) data for Neomycin (25 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Health EffectsAntibiotic resistance
Hepatotoxicity · 1 Eintrag
Oral and topical therapy with neomycin has not been linked serum alkaline phosphatase or aminotransferase elevations, and no convincing cases of symptomatic or icteric hepatotoxicity due to oral neomycin have been published. The poor absorption of neomycin makes it unlikely that systemic levels of the drug that might cause liver injury could be achieved. Furthermore, the ototoxicity of absorbed neomycin is likely to supervene before liver toxicity would occur.
LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) <24 hr neonate; Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 21 °C; Concentration: 90 ug/L for 21 days (95% confidence interval: 60-120 ug/L) /97-99% purity/
LC50; Species: Oryzias latipes (Japanese Medaka) age 10-14 days posthatch juvenile; Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 25 °C; Concentration: 138800 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 107100-170500 ug/L) /97-99% purity/
LC50; Species: Oryzias latipes (Japanese Medaka) age 10-14 days posthatch juvenile; Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 25 °C; Concentration: 80800 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 63700-97900 ug/L) /97-99% purity/
For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Neomycin (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Environmental Fate · 3 Einträge
TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that neomycin is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of neomycin is 12.9(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as a cation and cations do not volatilize. Neomycin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.6X10-28 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2017).
AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that neomycin is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 12.9(3) indicates neomycin will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of -3.70(3) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low (SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2017).
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), neomycin, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.6X10-28 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase neomycin may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Neomycin does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
Adverse Effects · 2 Einträge
Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.
According to the package insert, the most prevalent adverse drug reaction associated with neomycin is irritation or discomfort in the oral and rectal regions. The adverse effects of this drug include nausea, diarrhea, and the risk of Clostridioides difficile–associated diarrhea. More severe adverse events of neomycin include nephrotoxicity, auditory ototoxicity, and vestibular ototoxicity, with the latter two often leading to irreversible effects.
Exposure Routes · 1 Eintrag
Eye contact; topical (eye drops). Poorly absorbed from the normal gastrointestinal tract. Although only approximately 3% of neomycin is absorbed through intact intestinal mucosa, significant amounts may be absorbed through ulcerated or denuded mucosa or if inflammation is present.
Toxicity Summary · 3 Einträge
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is used in veterinary medicine as a bactericidal drug. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Prolonged administration could result in sufficient systemic drug levels to produce neurotoxicity, ototoxicity and/or nephrotoxicity. Dermatitis is usually caused by ointment with 0.5% neomycin. However, penetration of neomycin through normal skin is so slow that only half of those who are clinically sensitive will develop a positive patch test reaction to 0.5% neomycin. Characteristic lesions of the corneal epithelium in the form of tiny snowflakes, usually associated with sensation of irritation, may develop and may persist for weeks after application of neomycin to the eye is discontinued. Delayed-onset irreversible deafness, renal failure and death due to neuromuscular blockade (regardless of the status of renal function) have been reported following irrigation of both small and large surgical fields with minute quantities of neomycin. If renal insufficiency develops during oral therapy, consideration should be given to reducing the drug dosage or discontinuing therapy. Serious sensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis and dermatologic reactions including exfoliative dermatitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, angioedema, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome, have been reported rarely in patients receiving aminoglycosides; fatalities have occurred rarely. Cross-sensitivity occurs among the aminoglycosides. In human lymphocytes neomycin tested negative for sister chromatid exchanges, but it was positive in chromosome aberration assay. ANIMAL STUDIES: No significant irritation was observed 24 hours after the intrapleural administration of single doses of solutions of 1 mL neomycin sulfate (0-100 mg/mL) to guinea pigs. Twelve dogs were injected intramuscularly with 24, 48, or 96 mg/kg bw/day neomycin. At the highest dose all dogs died within 1-3 weeks. Blood urea nitrogen was increased and renal function impaired as shown by decreased phenolsulfonphthalein excretion. There was no evidence of carcinogenicity in rats. In a 3-generation reproductive toxicity study groups of rats (40-20/sex/group) were administered neomycin sulfate via the diet at 0, 6.25, 12.5 or 25 mg/kg bw/day. Through all generations no treatment-related effects were observed in any of the parameters evaluated. Neomycin was positive in cytogenetic assay in mice bone marrow.
Nephrotoxicity associated with aminoglycoside antibiotic use primarily arises from renal tubular toxicity. Other contributing mechanisms include a decline in glomerular filtration and diminished blood flow to the kidneys. Typically, if the medication is discontinued, this damage is transient. Patient-specific risk factors for heightened toxicity encompass age, impaired renal function, and dehydration. Conversely, treatment-specific risk factors, often linked to extended therapy or elevated dosage, should always be carefully evaluated before initiating neomycin treatment. Clinicians must consider concurrently using medications that might impair renal function, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, iodine contrast media, and other aminoglycosides. Although neomycin does not have a specific antidote according to the manufacturer's labeling, hemodialysis can effectively eliminate the drug from the bloodstream.
Signs and SymptomsVestibular toxicity may result in vertigo, nausea and vomiting, dizziness and loss of balance.
Soil Adsorption/Mobility · 1 Eintrag
Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of neomycin can be estimated to be 10(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that neomycin is expected to have very high mobility in soil. However, the pKa of neomycin is 12.9(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).
Human Toxicity Excerpts · 5 Einträge
/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Provocative patch tests with neomycin on healthy subjects /were reported/. Results showed a relatively low incidence of skin sensitization (1.6% or 3 of 186) when 5% concentration was used at both induction and challenge. No sensitization was induced in similar tests using 0.5% (0 of 54) and 20% (0 of 42) concentrations of neomycin. In further tests, the use of SLS at induction and at challenge increased the incidence of skin reactions. The rates of sensitization appeared to be 5.5% (3 of 54) when tested at 0.5% concentration, 2.6% (5 of 186) at 5% concentration, and 48% (12 of 25) at 20% concentration.
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Because of low absorption, it is unlikely that acute overdosage would occur with oral neomycin sulfate. However, prolonged administration could result in sufficient systemic drug levels to produce neurotoxicity, ototoxicity and/or nephrotoxicity.
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Dermatitis is usually caused by ointment with 0.5% neomycin. However, penetration of neomycin through normal skin is so slow that only half of those who are clinically sensitive will develop a positive patch test reaction to 0.5% neomycin. Testing with an excessive concentration of 20% is required to prove the sensitivity.
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Characteristic lesions of the corneal epithelium in the form of tiny snowflakes, usually associated with sensation of irritation, may develop and may persist for weeks after application of neomycin to the eye is discontinued.
For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Neomycin (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Regulatorische Informationen
FDA Requirements · 5 Einträge
The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, including neomycin sulfate, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. /Neomycin sulfate/
The Generic Animal Drug and Patent Restoration act requires that each sponsor of an approved animal drug must submit to the FDA certain information regarding patents held for the animal drug or its method of use. The Act requires that this information, as well as a list of all animal drug products approved for safety and effectiveness, be made available to the public. Neomycin is included on this list.
The Generic Animal Drug and Patent Restoration act requires that each sponsor of an approved animal drug must submit to the FDA certain information regarding patents held for the animal drug or its method of use. The Act requires that this information, as well as a list of all animal drug products approved for safety and effectiveness, be made available to the public. Neomycin palmitate is included on this list. /Neomycin palmitate/
The Generic Animal Drug and Patent Restoration act requires that each sponsor of an approved animal drug must submit to the FDA certain information regarding patents held for the animal drug or its method of use. The Act requires that this information, as well as a list of all animal drug products approved for safety and effectiveness, be made available to the public. Neomycin sulfate is included on this list. /Neomycin sulfate/
For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for Neomycin (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Sicherheitsdaten
F
3-8-10
wgk
3
RTECS-Nr.
QP4375000
risk_code
42/43
Toxizität
LD50 oral in rat: 2750mg/kg
hazard_code
Xn
safety_code
22-36/37-45
Giftige Stoffe Daten
1404-04-2(Hazardous Substances Data)
Like other aminoglycoside antibiotic drugs, neomycin inhibits bacterial ribosomes by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria and disrupting the translational machinery of bacterial protein synthesis. Bacterial translation is normally initiated by the mRNA binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and subsequent binding with 50S subunit for elongation.
Aminoglycosides are usually bactericidal in action. Although the exact mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, the drugs appear to inhibit protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria by irreversibly binding to 30S ribosomal subunits. /Aminoglycosides/
A class of angiogenesis inhibitor has emerged from our mechanistic study of the action of angiogenin, a potent angiogenic factor. Neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, inhibits nuclear translocation of human angiogenin in human endothelial cells, an essential step for angiogenin-induced angiogenesis. The phospholipase C-inhibiting activity of neomycin appears to be involved, because U-73122, another phospholipase C inhibitor, has a similar effect. In contrast, genistein, oxophenylarsine, and staurosporine, inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, phosphotyrosine phosphatase, and protein kinase C, respectively, do not inhibit nuclear translocation of angiogenin. Neomycin inhibits angiogenin-induced proliferation of human endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. At 50 microM, neomycin abolishes angiogenin-induced proliferation but does not affect the basal level of proliferation and cell viability. Other aminoglycoside antibiotics, including gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycin, amikacin, and paromomycin, have no effect on angiogenin-induced cell proliferation. Most importantly, neomycin completely inhibits angiogenin-induced angiogenesis in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane at a dose as low as 20 ng per egg. These results suggest that neomycin and its analogs are a class of agents that may be developed for anti-angiogenin therapy.
... Aminoglycosides are aminocyclitols that kill bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis as they bind to the 16S rRNA and by disrupting the integrity of bacterial cell membrane. Aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms include: (a) the deactivation of aminoglycosides by N-acetylation, adenylylation or O-phosphorylation, (b) the reduction of the intracellular concentration of aminoglycosides by changes in outer membrane permeability, decreased inner membrane transport, active efflux, and drug trapping, (c) the alteration of the 30S ribosomal subunit target by mutation, and (d) methylation of the aminoglycoside binding site. ... /Aminoglycosides/
Biological Half-Life · 2 Einträge
There is limited information on the half-life of neomycin.
The plasma elimination half-life of neomycin usually is 2-3 hours in adults with normal renal function and has been reported to be 12-24 hours in adults with severe renal impairment.
Metabolism/Metabolites · 3 Einträge
There is limited information on the metabolism of neomycin, as there is limited systemic absorption following drug administration. Metabolism is deemed to be negligible.
Aminoglycosides are not metabolized and are excreted unchanged in the urine primarily by glomerular filtration. /Aminoglycosides/
Neomycin undergoes negligible biotransformation after parenteral administration.
Route of Elimination: The small absorbed fraction is rapidly distributed in the tissues and is excreted by the kidney in keeping with the degree of kidney function.
Half Life: 2 to 3 hours
FDA Pharmacological Classification · 5 Einträge
I16QD7X297
NEOMYCIN
Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Aminoglycoside Antibacterial
Chemical Structure [CS] - Aminoglycosides
Neomycin is an Aminoglycoside Antibacterial.
MeSH Pharmacological Classification · 2 Einträge
Compounds which inhibit the synthesis of proteins. They are usually ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS or toxins. Mechanism of the action of inhibition includes the interruption of peptide-chain elongation, the blocking the A site of ribosomes, the misreading of the genetic code or the prevention of the attachment of oligosaccharide side chains to glycoproteins.
Substances that inhibit the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion · 6 Einträge
Neomycin is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal absorption of the drug may be increased if inflammatory or ulcerative gastrointestinal disease is present.
The small absorbed fraction of neomycin is excreted by the kidney. The unabsorbed portion of the drug is excreted unchanged in the feces.
The small fraction of absorbed neomycin is rapidly distributed in the tissues. The amount of systemically absorbed neomycin is reported to increase cumulatively with each repeated dose administered until a steady state is reached.
There is limited information on the clearance rate of neomycin.
Neomycin sulfate is poorly absorbed from the normal gastrointestinal tract. The small absorbed fraction is rapidly distributed in the tissues and is excreted by the kidney in keeping with the degree of kidney function. The unabsorbed portion of the drug (approximately 97%) is eliminated unchanged in the feces.
As with other aminoglycosides, the amount of systemically absorbed neomycin transferred to the tissues increases cumulatively with each repeated dose administered until a steady state is achieved. The kidney functions as the primary excretory path as well as the tissue binding site, with the highest concentration found in the renal cortex. With repeated dosings, progressive accumulation also occurs in the inner ear. Release of tissue-bound neomycin occurs slowly over a period of several weeks after dosing has been discontinued.
Cellular LocationsCytoplasm
Metabolite PathwaysNeomycin Action Pathway
Verwendung und Herstellung
Uses · 6 Einträge
For neomycin (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 006303) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./
Broad-spectrum antibiotic
... Used for bladder irrigation ... to prevent bacteriuria and bacteremia associated with the use of indwelling catheters.
Veterinary bactericidal drug
For more Uses (Complete) data for Neomycin (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Use (kg; approx.) in Germany (2009): >25
Methods of Manufacturing · 2 Einträge
Produced by Streptomyces fradiae.
Antibiotics can broadly be classified into the following categories: aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, macrolides, and tetracyclines, of which only the tetracylines do not use ion-exchange resins in their recovery from fermentation broths. /Ion-exchange resins/
Urogenital: For irrigation, concentrate, sterile: 57 mg Neosporin Sulfate (40 mg of neomycin) per mL and Polymyxin B Sulfate 200,000 units (of polymyxin B) per mL, Neosporin G.U. Irrigant (Monarch). /Neomycin sulfate/
For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for Neomycin (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Use ClassificationVeterinary Drug -> ANTIMICROBIAL_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes
General Manufacturing Information · 2 Einträge
Antibiotic complex composed of of neomycins A, B, and C.
Neomycin is a mixture of neomycin B (119-04-0) ... and neomycin C (66-86-4) ... Neomycin B is the main component.
Anwendungen · 2 Einträge
BeschreibungNeomycin is an antibiotic from the aminoglycoside group, and has two isomers - neomycin Band neomycin C. Occupational contact dermatitis mainly occurs in workers at animal-feed mills, in veterinaries and in health workers.
VerwendenNeomycin, like streptomycin, has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. It is effective with respect to the majority of Gram-negative and a few Gram-positive bacteria; staphylococci, pneumococci, gonococci, meningococci, and stimulants of dysentery. It is not very active with respect to streptococci. The antibiotic effect of neomycin with respect to many types of bacteria is higher than that of streptomycin. At the same time, microorganisms sensitive to neomycin become resistant to a lesser degree than streptomycin. It is used for various gastrointestinal diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to it, including enteritis, which is caused by microbes that are resistant to antibiotics. However, because of its high oto- and nephrotoxicity, its local use is preferred for infected skin diseases, infected wounds, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and others. Synonyms of this drug are framycetin, soframycin, tautomycin, and others.
DefinitionAn antibiotic complex obtained from Streptomyces fradiae; it is soluble in water and methanol but insoluble in most organic solvents. It consists of three component substances, all of which function as antiinfective agents; some derivatives have fungicidal properties. The three types are A (also called neamine): C12H26N4O6; B: C 23H46N6O13 (also available as hydrochloride and sulfate); and C: C23H46O13
Aminoglycosides like neomycin "irreversibly" bind to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. Specifically neomycin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site in the vicinity of nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes.
