Calciumbis(cyclohexylsulfamat)

Form: crystals; pleasant, very sweet taste; practically insol in alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether; pH of 10% aq soln 5.5-7.5; Said to be more resistant to cooking temp than saccharin /Dihydrate/

ODORLESS; WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER; 1 G SOL IN 4 ML WATER; 1 G SOL IN 60 ML ETHANOL; 1 G SOL IN 1.5 ML PROPYLENE GLYCOL; LOSS ON DRYING @ 140 °C FOR 2 HR 9.0% MAX /DIHYDRATE/; IN DILUTE SOLN ABOUT 30 TIMES AS SWEET AS SUCROSE

SOL IN AQ SOLN OF SORBITOL; 25 G SOL IN 100 ML 25% ALCOHOL; 2.4 G SOL IN 100 ML 90% ETHYL ALCOHOL

Soluble in water. Insoluble in most organic solvents.

NONHYGROSCOPIC, FREE-FLOWING; REACTS WITH TARTARIC ACID & TARTRATES, OXALATES, & SOME PHOSPHATES TO FORM INSOL CALCIUM SALTS

White crystals or powder; nearly odorless; very sweet taste. Freely soluble in water(solutions are neutral to litmus); Sweetening power approximately 30 times that of sucrose. /Dihydrate/

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 10.7% (6 of 56) of reports.

Warning

H315 (89.3%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 56 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Chemical: Sulfamic acid, cyclohexyl-, calcium salt (2:1)

Sulfamic acid, cyclohexyl-, calcium salt (2:1): Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

A WOMAN PATIENTS WHO TOOK LARGE AMT OF CA CYCLAMATE HAD A PHOTOSENSITIVE DERMATITIS & RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA.

3 PATIENTS DESCRIBED DEVELOPED VESICAL CARCINOMA OF BLADDER AFTER PROLONGED PERIOD OF INGESTION OF UNUSUALLY HIGH AMT OF CYCLAMATE SWEETNER, SEVERITY APPEARED IN PROPORTION TO DOSE INGESTED.

An epidemiologic study designed to elucidate the possible roles of the artificial sweeteners saccharin and cyclamate in human urinary bladder cancer was completed. The previous intake of each of these substances among 519 patients with histopathologically confirmed bladder cancer and an equal number of matching controls in metropolitan Baltimore (USA) did not differ significantly in frequency, quantity or duration. These normal findings persisted after simultaneous adjustment for the effects of smoking, occupation, age, diabetes mellitus and a number of other potentially confounding factors. They are substantiated by the failure of the relative risk of bladder cancer to increase with increasing exposure to artificial sweeteners. Neither saccharin nor cyclamate is likely to be carcinogenic in man, at least at the moderate dietary ingestion levels reported by the patient sample.

IN VIVO, CYCLAMATE IS CONVERTED INTO CYCLOHEXYLAMINE WHICH PER SE OR AFTER BIOTRANSFORMATION MAY PROVIDE AN ULTIMATE CARCINOGEN. /CYCLAMATE/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CALCIUM CYCLAMATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IN SMALL DOSES /CALCIUM/ CYCLAMATE IS NON-TOXIC, BUT HIGH DOSES (5% OF DIET) FED TO RATS CAUSE DIARRHEA & RETARD GROWTH.

GROUPS OF 30 MALE & 30 FEMALE...HAMSTERS RECEIVED CALCIUM CYCLAMATE... CONTAINING A TRACE OF CYCLOHEXYLAMINE AT LEVELS OF 0, 0.156, 0.312, 0.625 & 1.25% IN DRINKING WATER FOR...NATURAL LIFESPAN. ...NO APPARENT DIFFERENCES IN TUMOR INCIDENCE...NOTED BETWEEN TREATED & CONTROL ANIMALS. ...NO BLADDER TUMORS...NOTED IN ANY GROUP.

MALE...RATS (20-28/GROUP) RECEIVED A NORMAL (20%) OR LOW (10%) PROTEIN SEMISYNTHETIC DIET CONTAINING 0, 1 OR 2% CA CYCLAMATE...FOR 75 WK. A TRANSITIONAL-CELL PAPILLOMA OCCURRED IN URINARY BLADDER OF 1/11 ANIMALS EXAMINED (20% PROTEIN, 2% CA CYCLAMATE DIET); KIDNEYS & URINARY BLADDER...CONTAINED STONES & CALCIUM DEPOSITS.

...0.4, 2 OR 10% CA CYCLAMATE...WAS GIVEN WITH NORMAL CHOW DIET TO 14 MALE & 14 FEMALE...RATS FOR 101 WK. A CONTROL GROUP CONSISTED OF 28 ANIMALS. AFTER 88 WK, 2 TRANSITIONAL-CELL PAPILLOMAS OF URINARY BLADDER (1/6 IN 0.4% GROUP & 1/4 IN 10% GROUP) WERE NOTED; 3 TRANSITIONAL-CELL CARCINOMAS OF URINARY BLADDER WERE...FOUND (2/6 IN 0.4% GROUP & 1/4 IN 10% GROUP). SOME ANIMALS IN THIS STUDY HAD BLADDER PARASITES.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CALCIUM CYCLAMATE (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/CALCIUM/ CYCLAMATE LABELLED WITH (35)S OR (14)C IS EXCRETED BY MAN & LABORATORY ANIMALS ALMOST ENTIRELY UNCHANGED, IN URINE & FECES, ALTHOUGH TRACES OF...CYCLOHEXYLAMINE (0.7% DOSE) HAVE BEEN FOUND IN URINE OF HUMANS & DOGS DOSED ORALLY...

...BIOTRANSFORMATION IN RATS...IS BROUGHT ABOUT BY GUT MICROFLORA. ...GUT MICROFLORA IN MAN & IN ANIMALS ACQUIRE CAPACITY TO METABOLIZE CYCLAMATE INTO CYCLOHEXYLAMINE, WHEN CYCLAMATE IS ADMIN CHRONICALLY. /CYCLAMATE/

GUT MICRO-ORGANISMS, WHICH BECOME CYCLAMATE "CONVERTERS" ARE CLOSTRIDIA IN RATS, ENTEROBACTERIA IN RABBITS, & ENTEROCOCCI IN MAN. /CYCLAMATE/

...2 GROUPS OF WEANLING RATS WERE FED FOR 8 MO...WITH CHOW DIET OR...DIET CONTAINING 0.1% CA CYCLAMATE...THEN A SINGLE DOSE OF (14)C-CYCLAMATE BY STOMACH TUBE. ...7/11 CYCLAMATE-FED RATS CONVERTED CYCLAMATE INTO CYCLOHEXYLAMINE, TO...12-25% OF TOTAL (14)C IN URINE. 2 OF THE URINES CONTAINED TRACES OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE...

WHEN GUINEA PIGS, RABBITS, RATS, & HUMANS WERE PLACED ON A DIET CONTAINING CALCIUM CYCLAMATE THEY DEVELOPED THE ABILITY TO CONVERT ORALLY ADMIN CYCLAMATE INTO CYCLOHEXYLAMINE & THE METABOLITES OF THE LATTER.

...PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT TO BE METABOLICALLY STABLE. WHEN GIVEN ORALLY TO GUINEA PIGS, RABBITS, RATS, & HUMANS ON CYCLAMATE-FREE DIET IT IS EXCRETED LARGELY UNCHANGED. /CYCLAMATE/

...CYCLOHEXYLAMINE FORMED IN INTESTINE IS ALMOST COMPLETELY ABSORBED & EXCRETED IN URINE, IN COMPARISON TO CYCLAMATE, WHICH IS ABSORBED TO AN EXTENT OF ONLY 20-40%. /CYCLAMATE/

...(14)C-CYCLAMATE, GIVEN IV TO WOMEN UNDERGOING THERAPEUTIC ABORTION, BY ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY DURING EARLY PREGNANCY, CROSSED PLACENTA & DISPERSED IN FETAL TISSUES, PARTICULARLY IN LIVER, SPLEEN, PANCREAS, & KIDNEYS. ...MATERNAL BLOOD LEVELS...FELL RAPIDLY...INDICATING VERY RAPID ELIMINATION... /CYCLAMATE/

MAX DAILY EXCRETION OF CYCLOHEXYLAMINE...RANGED FROM 0.1 TO 0.9% OF DAILY CYCLAMATE INTAKE (5 G); URINARY OUTPUT OF CYCLOHEXYLAMINE WAS ERRATIC & CONTINUED FOR 3-4 DAYS AFTER ADMIN HAD CEASED. /CYCLAMATE/

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for CALCIUM CYCLAMATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Used as a non-caloric sweetener in foods; [HSDB]

Cyclamates: Banned by the FDA for use in foods in 1970 (also banned in many other countries); [HSDB]

FORMERLY AS A NONCALORIC SWEETENER IN BEVERAGES & FOOD PRODUCTS

(1972) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS

(1975) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS

Cummins, Johnson; McQuaid, US patents 2,799,700; 2,804,477 (both 1957 to Du Pont); Freifelder, US patent 3,082,247 (1963 to Abbott); Birsten, Rosin, US patents 3,361,798; 3,366,670 (both 1968 to Baldwin-Montrose).

...BY NEUTRALIZING CYCLAMIC ACID WITH...CALCIUM HYDROXIDE...OR BY SULFONATION OF CYCLOHEXYLAMINE WITH...CALCIUM SULFAMATE.

...SOLD UNDER TRADEMARK, SUCH AS SUCARYL CALCIUM OF ABBOTT LABORATORIES & CYLAN CALCIUM CYCLAMATE OF DUPONT.

CYCLAN; CYLAN; DIETIL...IN THE US, CALCIUM CYCLAMATE WAS AVAILABLE COMMERCIALLY IN 1970 AS A US NATIONAL FORMULARY (NF) GRADE CRYSTALLINE POWDER CONTAINING 98-101% ACTIVE INGREDIENT ON AN ANHYDROUS BASIS, 6-9% WATER, A MAXIMUM OF 30 MG/KG SELENIUM, 25 MG/KG CYCLOHEXYLAMINE, 10 MG/KG HEAVY METALS & 3 MG/KG ARSENIC. ...AQ SOLN CONTAINING ABOUT 6% CALCIUM CYCLAMATE COMBINED WITH ABOUT 0.6% CALCIUM SACCHARIN, &...TABLETS CONTAINING ABOUT 50 MG CALCIUM CYCLAMATE COMBINED WITH ABOUT 5 MG CALCIUM SACCHARIN.

Grades: NF, FCC /Dihydrate/

PURITY: 98% MINIMUM /DIHYDRATE/

Food Additives -> SWEETENER -> JECFA Functional Classes

Cosmetics -> Masking

Sulfamic acid, N-cyclohexyl-, calcium salt (2:1): INACTIVE

CYCLAMATES ARE CURRENTLY BANNED AS FOOD ADDITIVES IN MANY COUNTRIES (USA, UK, CANADA, SWEDEN, FINLAND, ETC).

NON-CALORIC SWEETENING AGENT USED ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH SACCHARIN ... TEN PARTS CYCLAMATE TO ONE PART SACCHARIN IS A COMMON COMBINATION ... SOME NON-NUTRITIVE SOFT DRINKS CONTAIN 0.125% CYCLAMATE. /CYCLAMATE SODIUM OR CALCIUM/

Cyclamate sweeteners, once available in the United States but now banned ... are still available in Canada.