m-Diethylbenzol

log Kow= 4.44

4.16

Miscible in ethanol, ethyl ether and acetone

Soluble in alcohol, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ether; insoluble in water. /Diethylbenzene/

In water, 24.0 mg/l @ 25 °C

1.13 [mmHg]

1.20 mm Hg @ 25 °C

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 1063) of reports.

Danger

H226 (> 99.9%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1063 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Warning

Benzene, 1,3-diethyl- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Benzene, 1,3-diethyl- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Benzene, 1,3-diethyl-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Flammable liquid when exposed to heat or flame ... /Diethyl benzene/

COMBUSTIBLE ... MODERATE FIRE RISK. /DIETHYLBENZENE/

A skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritant; High concentrations may cause lacrimation; [HSDB] Oral LDLo (rat) = 5000 mg/kg; Effects include general anesthesia; [RTECS] An irritant; [MSDSonline]

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of 1,3-diethylbenzene stem from its toxicologic properties and flammability. Exposure to this colorless liquid may occur from its use as a solvent; as an intermediate in the manufacture of divinylbenzene; and in powderless etching. Effects from exposure may include contact burns to the skin and eyes. In activities and situations where over-exposure may occur, wear a positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing. If contact should occur, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes, and wash exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water. 1,3-Diethylbenzene may be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames. Containers of this substance may expl ode in the heat of a fire. Also, its heavier-than-air vapor may travel to a source of ignition and flash back, or may accumulate to explosive concentrations in confined spaces such as sewers. For fires involving 1,3-diethylbenzene, extinguish with dry chemical, CO2, water spray, fog, or standard foam. Isolate the area for 1/2 mile in all directions if a tank, rail car, or tank truck is involved in the fire. For small spills of 1,3-diethylbenzene, take up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent and place into containers for later disposal. For large spills, use water spray to reduce vapor and dike far ahead of the spill for later disposal.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Diethylbenzene/

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Diethylbenzene/

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Diethylbenzene/

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Diethylbenzene/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,3-DIETHYLBENZENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.

2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.

0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

Flam. Liq. 3 (> 99.9%)

Flammable liquids - Category 3

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

UN 2049; Diethylbenzene

IMO 3.3; Diethylbenzenes (ortho-; meta-; para-)

TO FIGHT FIRE, USE CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICAL. /DIETHYL BENZENE/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Diethyl benzene/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place. /Diethyl benzene/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Diethyl benzene/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Diethyl benzene/

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 4.15 mg/l/96 hr (confidence limit 4.05 - 4.25 mg/l), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 23.5 °C, dissolved oxygen 7.5 mg/l, hardness 45.8 mg/l calcium carbonate, alkalinity 42.2 mg/l calcium carbonate, and pH 7.28.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1600(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,3-diethylbenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,3-diethylbenzene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.00883 atm-cu m/mole(3) estimated from its vapor pressure, 1.2 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 24 mg/l(6). The potential for volatilization of 1,3-diethylbenzene from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 1.2 mm Hg(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1600(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that 1,3-diethylbenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.00883 atm-cu m/mole(4) estimated from its vapor pressure, 1.2 mm Hg(8), and water solubility, 24 mg/l(9). Using this estimated Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.3 hr and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 520(SRC), from its log Kow of 4.44(6), and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Groundwater and marine water grab sample tests suggests that 1,3-diethylbenzene will biodegrade completely in groundwater in 5 days(10) and to a lesser extent in marine water, rate not specified(11).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,3-diethylbenzene, which has a vapor pressure of 1.2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor. Vapor-phase 1,3-diethylbenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1 day(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 14.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C determined using a structure estimation method(3). 1,3-Diethylbenzene absorbs UV light at wavelengths of >290 nm(4) and thus has the potential to undergo direct photolysis in the environment.

Exhaust emissions tests from a 1990 gasoline and a reformulated gasoline showed 0.37 and 0.29% of total hydrocarbons as 1,3-diethylbenzene, respectively(1). 1,3-Diethylbenzene represented 0.13% and 0.99% of the total emission components from light duty vehicle emissions collected in August and October of 1994, respectively, from the Caldecott Tunnel in California(2). Off-gas concns from the Skyway Waste treatment and Highland Creek plant in Ontario, Canada were consisted of 30 and 368 ug/cu m 1,3-diethylbenzene, respectively(3). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was contained in the Dissolved Air Flotation treatment effluent of a Class B oil refinery at a concn of 13 ng/g(4). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was found at unquantified amounts in the effluent sample of a water treatment plant(9). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was detected at a concn of 2.0 ug/cu m in a plume at a distance of 1 mile from its source, a General Motors facility located in Janesville, WI(5). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was detected in 5 of 21 industrial categories of wastewater effluents(6). Extract from the wastewater of paint and ink industry contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 15 mg/l; the extract from wastewater of a textile mill contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 238 mg/l; the extract from wastewater of automatic and other laundries contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 149 mg/l; the extract from wastewater of plastic manufacturing contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 46 mg/l; and the extract from wastewater of organic chemicals manufacturing contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 24 mg/l(5). Motorboats emitted 1,3-diethylbenzene to canal water with resultant concn ranging from 8 to 60 ng/l with an average of 41 ng/l for 8 samples(7). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was detected, but not quantified, as an introduced volatile organic compound in the water of a test stand basin after a four-stroke outboard motor filled with unleaded gasoline was left in operation for 10 minutes(8).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1,3-diethylbenzene can be estimated to be 1600(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,3-diethylbenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil.

URBAN/SUBURBAN: The median urban atmospheric concn of 1,3-diethylbenzene was found to be 0.051 ppbV for 379 samples and the median suburban atmospheric concn of 1,3-diethylbenzene was 0.067 ppbV for 165 samples(2). The 1,3-diethylbenzene concn ranged from 0 to 3 ppbV at a downtown Los Angeles location where it was detected in 16 of 17 samples in the fall of 1981(3). Diethylbenzenes were detected in 4 of 4 outdoor air samples and 8 of 12 indoor air samples from 10 public access buildings (offices, schools, elderly homes and a hospital)(1). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was detected in 2 of 21 air samples from Houston, TX at concns of 97 to 108 ppm(4). Between April and August 1975, ambient air at Delft, Netherlands contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 0.8 ppb with a maximum concn of 3.0 ppb(5). 1,3-Diethylbenzene was qualitatively detected in the suburban air of Tubingen, Germany(6).

RURAL/REMOTE: 1,3-Diethylbenzene was qualitatively detected in ambient air of the Black Forest in Germany(1). Rural air in Sweden contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at a concn of < 0.01 ug/cu m(2).

SOURCE DOMINATED: 1,3-Diethylbenzene was detected in the air at Gatwick Airport, UK in 1979 where airplane engines were found to be the source of the emission(1). Air at a distance of 1 km from Volvo and Saab automobile manufacturing plants in SW Sweden contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of 0.9 and 3.0 ug/cu m compared to regional air which contained 1,3-diethylbenzene at an average concn of <0.01 ug/cu m(2). Air samples tested from the Caldecott Tunnel in San Francisco, CA was found to contain 1,3-diethylbenzene ranging between 13.03-30.48 ppbC with a mean of 20.15 ppbC(3).

MEN EXPOSED TO 1000 PPM ... EXPERIENCED EYE IRRITATION WHICH RAPIDLY DIMINISHED IN INTENSITY ON CONTINUED EXPOSURE. A CONCN OF 2000 PPM CAUSED IMMEDIATE, SEVERE EYE IRRITATION, LACRIMATION, AND IRRITATION OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE NOSE. ... 5000 PPM ... CAUSES INTOLERABLE IRRITATION OF ... EYES ... NOSE. /ETHYLBENZENE/

Moderately toxic by ingestion.

1,3-Diethylbenzene's production and use as an intermediate in reactions(2), its presence in gasoline at 0.09 WT%(1), its presence in kerosine, and No. 2 fuel oil(3), its presence as a product of combustion engines(4), its presence in wastewater effluents from oil refineries(5) and paint and ink industries, textile mills, automobile and other laundries, and plastics and organic chemicals(6) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

1,3-Diethylbenzene at a concn of 0.5 ppm C was completely removed within 5 days from a gas oil mixture added to acclimated fresh-wellwater grab samples from Tuffenwies and Zurich, Switzerland, with a pH of 8.0, at 10 and 25 °C and microbial populations of 300-400 cells/ml(1). A gas oil sample with an overall concn of 0.5 ppm contained 1,3-diethylbenzene, which degraded at a moderate rate in North Sea coastal water maintained at 20 °C for 14 days(2).

An estimated BCF of 520 was calculated for 1,3-diethylbenzene(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.44(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high.

Used as an intermediate and solvent; Also used to make divinylbenzene and in powderless etching; [HSDB]

Intermediate; solvent /diethylbenzene/

Diethylbenzenes are used to manufacture divinylbenzene. /Diethylbenzene/

Dused in powderless etching. /Diethylbenzene/

1,3-Diethylbenzene is converted to ethylvinylbenzene

Transalkylated to ethylbenzene

Ethyl-, triethyl-, and higher polyethylbenzenes are impurities of the Friedel-Crafts alkylation process.

Impurities of production are propyl- and butyl-benzenes.

MANUFACTURED BY THE FRIEDEL-CRAFTS REACTION INVOLVING ETHYLENE AND BENZENE IN THE FLUID PHASE USING ALUMINUM CHLORIDE CATALYST. THE CATALYST IS REMOVED BY WASHING WITH WATER AND CAUSTIC. /DIETHYLBENZENES/

Produced by the disproportionation reaction of ethylbenzene. /Diethylbenzenes/

Occurs as a byproduct in the production of ethylbenzene from benzene and ethylene

Quantitative formation of 1,3-diethylbenzene occurs at low temperature in the liquid phase by disproportionation of ethylbenzene in the presence of at least 10 vol% HF and 0.3-0.5 mol BF3 per mol ethylbenzene.

Petroleum Refineries

Benzene, 1,3-diethyl-: ACTIVE

The o-, m- and p- isomers are produced in the ratio of 1:6:3 from the alkylation reaction.

The o-, m-, and p- isomers are produced in a ratio of 5%:65%:3%. A similar isomer distribution is found when produced via gas-phase alkylation of ethylbenzene with ethylene.