Benzo(B)Fluoranthene

Fires involving this chemical can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-HP) in urine = 2.5 ug/L at end of shift at end of workweek; (Adjusted for the Pyrene to Benzo(a)pyrene ratio); 3-Hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (3-HBAP) in urine = Nq at end of shift at end of workweek; [TLVs and BEIs]

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.[Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Benzo

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.[Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Benzo

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol foam extinguishers.

/During firefighting wear/ self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. /Coal tar pitch volatiles/

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Non-combustible, acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic hazardous materials or hazardous materials causing chronic effects.[Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Benzo

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.[Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Benzo

IARC describes laboratory decontamination & destruction methods for some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in this publication. When dealing with compounds other than those listed, the efficiency of the methods should first be verified. Benzo(b)fluoranthene is not listed, but the methods may be applicable for the decontamination of its residues on glassware & petri dishes, for the clean-up of spills of liquid wastes, & for the clean-up of spills of the pure cmpd in solid state. /Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons/

/A research/ program was conducted to determine the capability of biological treatment and activated carbon adsorption to remove chemical carcinogens and other hazardous organic compounds from water and wastewater. Compounds studied were benzidine, 4-nitrobiphenyl, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, 2-acetyl-aminofluorene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, 4-aminobiphenyl, 3,4-benzofluoranthene, and 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene. All of the compounds tested exhibited some degree of biological degradation. Carbon adsorption was also effective in removing the compounds from aqueous solution. Large polynuclear aromatic compounds exhibited reduced adsorption capacities due to exclusion from the small diameter pores of the carbon.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

... In surface waters, one-third of the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is bound to larger suspended particles, another one-third is bound to finely dispersed particles, and the remaining one-third is present in dissolved form. The particle-bound portion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be removed by sedimentation, flocculation, and filtration processes. The remaining /material/ dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons usually requires oxidation for partial removal and/or transformation. /Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.[Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Benzo

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for BENZO(B)FLUORANTHENE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.[Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Benzo

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.[Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Benzo

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.[Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Benzo

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.[Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Benzo

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for BENZO(B)FLUORANTHENE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The median concentration of benzo(b)fluoranthene was 0.2 ng/mg skin lipid in samples collected from roofing workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a component of coal tar pitch and asphalt roofing material(1). Benzo(b)fluoranthene was not detected in serum samples collected from these same workers(1). Benzo(b)fluoranthene was not detected (detection limit 1.5 ng/g lipid weight) in the adipose tissue of 43 Korean women; samples were collected May 2007 to May 2008(2). The median benzo(b)fluoranthene blood concentration of 56 children (ages 2-12 years) was 4.0 ppb; samples were collected in Lucknow, India Sep 2005 to Aug 2006(3).

Benzo(b)fluoranthene concentrations were measured in human milk, placenta and umbilical cord blood collected 2005 to 2006 from 40 nonsmoking mothers living in Beijing, China for at least 6 years, with the following results(1):[Table#4738]

The current studies investigate whether synergistic or antagonistic interactions in the upregulation of CYP1 activity occur in binary mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) involving benzo[a]pyrene and five other structurally diverse PAHs of varying carcinogenic activity. Precision-cut rat liver slices were incubated with benzo[a]pyrene alone or in combination with a range of concentrations of a second PAH, and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA levels determined. Concurrent incubation of benzo[a]pyrene with either dibenzo[a,h]anthracene or fluoranthene in liver slices led to a synergistic interaction, at least at low concentrations, in that ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity was statistically higher than the added effects when the slices were incubated with the individual compounds. In contrast, benzo[b]fluoranthene and, at high doses only, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene gave rise to antagonism, whereas 1-methylphenanthrene had no effect at all concentrations studied. When CYP1A1 mRNA levels were monitored, benzo[b]fluoranthene gave rise to an antagonistic response when incubated with benzo[a]pyrene, whereas all other compounds displayed synergism, with 1-methylphenathrene being the least effective. A similar picture emerged when CYP1B1 mRNA levels were determined, though the effects were less pronounced. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that the benzo[a]pyrene-mediated upregulation of CYP1, at the mRNA and activity levels, is synergistically and antagonistically modulated by other PAHs.

Although exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurs mostly through mixtures, hazard and risk assessment are mostly based on the effects caused by individual compounds. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether interactions between PAHs occur, focusing on gene expression (as measured by cDNA microarrays) and DNA adduct formation. The effects of benzo[a]pyrene or dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DB[a,h]A) alone and in binary mixtures with another PAH (DB[a,h]A, benzo[b]fluoranthene, fluoranthene or dibenzo[a,l]pyrene) were investigated using precision-cut rat liver slices. All compounds significantly modulated the expression of several genes, but overlap between genes affected by the mixture and by the individual compounds was relatively small. All mixtures showed an antagonistic response on total gene expression profiles. Moreover, at the level of individual genes, mostly antagonism was evident, with additivity and synergism observed for only a few genes. As far as DNA adduct formation is concerned, the binary mixtures generally caused antagonism. The effects in liver slices suggest a lower carcinogenic potency of PAH mixtures than estimated based on additivity of individual compounds.

Research on the toxicological mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) deemed carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic has mostly been developed for individual compounds even though, in the environment, PAHs invariably occur in mixtures. The present work aimed at understanding the interaction effects of two model PAHs, the potentially carcinogenic benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F) and the noncarcinogenic phenanthrene (Phe) to a marine fish (the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax). The study endeavoured an ecologically-relevant scenario with respect to concentrations and contaminant matrix, sediments, which are the main reservoirs of these substances in the environment, due to their hydrophobic nature. For the purpose, 28-day laboratorial bioassays with spiked sediments (with individual and combined PAHs at equitoxic concentrations) were conducted. Genotoxicity was determined in peripheral blood through the "Comet" assay and by scoring erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA). The results showed that exposure to either PAHs induced similar levels of DNA strand breaks, although without a clear dose- or time-response, likely due to the low concentrations of exposure and potential shits in PAH bioavailability during the assays. However, clastogenic/aneugenic lesions were only observed in fish exposed to B[b]F-spiked sediments. Conversely, the combination assays revealed a supra-additive effect especially at chromosome level, linked to concentrations of PAHs in water. A decrease in DNA-strand breakage was observed over time during all assays, revealing some ability of fish to cope with this DNA lesion. Overall, the findings show that low-moderate concentrations of sediment-bound mixed PAHs may significantly increase the hazard of mutagenesis even when the individual concentrations indicate low risk, especially considering that chromosome-level damage is unlikely to be repaired, leading to the fixation of DNA lesions upon prolonged exposures.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are priority environmental mutagens and carcinogens that occur in the aquatic environment as mixtures rather than the individual compounds for which guidelines are issued. The present work aimed at understanding the interaction effects between carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic PAHs in a model marine fish (Dicentrarchus labrax) in realistic scenarios. Laboratory assays under ecologically-relevant parameters were conducted for 28 days with sediments spiked with low-moderate concentrations (250-800 ng/g) of two model PAHs, phenanthrene (non-carcinogenic) and benzo[b]fluoranthene (carcinogenic to experimental animals). Both PAHs induced hepatic histopathological changes that indicate metabolic failure and inflammation, especially in animals exposed to mixtures. Phenanthrene elicited biochemical changes better related to oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, glutathione and glutathione S-transferase activity) and CYP function, whereas B[b]F disrupted metabolic responses and defenses to toxicological challenge. Conversely, mixed PAHs yielded lesions and responses that, altogether, are compatible with the AHR dependent pathway (the basis of PAH mutagenicity), potentially generating supra-additive effects. Nonetheless, the low, ecologically-relevant, concentrations of PAHs diluted dose and time-response relations. Overall, although seemingly predicting the risk of individual PAHs, environmental guidelines may not apply to mixtures by underestimating adverse effects, which calls for a redefinition of standards when determining the true risk of toxicants under realistic circumstances.

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) always involves complex mixtures that may induce synergistic or antagonistic effects on the genotoxic properties and make risk assessment more difficult. In this study, we evaluated how particulate PAHs modulated the formation of DNA damage induced by carcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Single strand breaks and alkali labile sites, as well as BPDE-N2-dGuo DNA adducts were measured in the competent HepG2 cells by Comet assay and HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. B[a]P, alone or in binary mixture with other PAHs (1 uM each), led to low amounts of strand breaks. In contrast, formation of BPDE-N2-dGuo adducts was significant and found to be enhanced in HepG2 co-treated for 14 hr by B[a]P in the presence of either benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DB[a,h]A) or indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IP). Opposite results were obtained with benzo[k]fluoranthene (B[k]F). The same observations were made when cells were pre-incubated with PAH before incubation with B[a]P. These results show that the interactions between PAHs are not direct competition reactions. Emphasis was then placed on the modulation of B[a]P-induced DNA damage by B[b]F and B[k]F. No difference in the time-course formation of DNA damage was observed. However, dose-response relationship differed between these two PAHs with a concentration-dependent inhibition of BPDE-N2-dGuo DNA by B[k]F whereas a constant level of potentiation for B[b]F was observed for concentrations higher than 1 uM. Altogether, these results show that the genotoxicity of B[a]P in binary mixtures with other carcinogenic PAH may be modulated. In such cases, a potentiation of BPDE-N2-dGuo adduct formation is most often observed with exception of B[k]F. Several biological mechanisms may account for these observations, including binding of PAHs to the Ah receptor (AhR), their affinity toward CYP450 and competition for metabolism. These different interactions have to be considered when addressing the intricate issue of the toxicity of mixtures.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), log Koc values of 6.80-7.96(2), indicate that benzo(b)fluoranthene is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of benzo(b)fluoranthene from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 6.57X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(3). Benzo(b)fluoranthene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 5.0X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Biodegradation is expected to occur slowly in soils with half-lives of several months(5-6) to years(4,7,8).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: The degradation of benzo(b)fluoranthene was monitored for 12 months in soil with a starting concentration of 40.8 mg/kg. The following concentrations (mg/kg) were reported(1):[Table#4742]

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), log Koc values of 6.80-7.96(2), indicate that benzo(b)fluoranthene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 6.57X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(4). Benzo(b)fluoranthene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3000(SRC), from a log Kow of 5.78(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high. However, this compound may be metabolized by aquatic organisms(8). Benzo(b)fluoranthene is expected to undergo photolysis in surface waters, based on a photolysis half-life of 9 hrs(9). Biodegradation is expected to be slow based on soil biodegradation half-lives of several months(10,11) to years(12-14).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), benzo(b)fluoranthene, which has a vapor pressure of 5.0X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase benzo(b)fluoranthene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 21 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase benzo(b)fluoranthene may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Benzo(b)fluoranthene contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and has a direct photolysis half-life of about 9 hours when irradiated with light(4).

Benzo(b)fluoranthene has been detected in broiled and smoked food at concentrations up to 15.1 ug/kg and in oils and margarine at concentrations up to 14.5 ug/kg(1). Benzo(b)fluoranthene was detected in uncooked, cooked, canned and frozen carrots, purchased from local markets, at 17.3, 1, 0.8 and 0.8 ug/kg dry weight, respectively(2). The peel and core of carrots, grown in soil amended with sewage sludge, contained benzo(b)fluoranthene at 0.8-4.5 and <0.1-0.1 ug/kg fresh weight, respectively(3). Honey collected May-Oct 2007 from eight sample locations in Italy did not contained benzo(b)fluoranthene (detection limit 0.04 ng/g wet weight)(4). Benzo(b)fluoranthene was not detected in Chinese cabbage (Brassica parachinensis, paitsai (Brassica chinensis), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), edible amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor), lettuce (Loctuca satira), asparagus bean (Vigna sesquipedalis), shallot (Allium asclonicum), Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum), balpear (Momordica charantia) or cucumber (Cucumis sativus) samples collected from nine farms located in the Pearl River Delta, South China; it was detected at a maximum of 2361 ug/kg dry weight in mustard (Brassica juncea(5). Benzo(b)fluoranthene was detected at 0.360-0.797 and <0.01-0.060 ug/kg in the skin and core, respectively, of four varieties of potato and at 0.270-1.290 and 0.093-0.212 ug/kg in the skin and core, respectively, of three varieties of carrot; all vegetables were grown on organic farms in England(6).

Benzo(b)fluoranthene concentrations were measured in food samples collected in the United Kingdom in 1979 with the following results(1):[Table#4746]

Ten samples of kale from the Federal Republic of Germany contained benzo(b)fluoranthene at 6.8-21.9 ppb with an average of 13.9 ppb. While in a market basket survey conducted 1976-1978 in Holland, benzo(b)fluoranthene was detected as follows(1):[Table#4747]

Native vegetable oils (Federal Republic of Germany) and smoked fish (bream from the River Elbe) had concentrations of combined benzo(b,j,k)fluoranthene isomers at the following concentrations(1):[Table#4748]

Fruits and vegetables from 19 localities in Moravia, Czech Republic, sampled Jul to Oct 2003 contained the following concentrations of benzo(b)fluoranthene(1):[Table#4749]

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and through the skin.

Oral (L10) ; inhalation (L10)

ENVIRONMENTAL: Benzo(b)fluoranthene was detected in milk samples collected in the United Kingdom in 1979 at 0.006-0.02 ppb with an average of 0.01 ppb avg(1). Benzo(b)fluoranthene concentrations of not detected to 84.6 ng/g fat (mean 20.5 ng/g fat; median 12.2 ng/g fat) were measured in human milk collected 2005 to 2006 from 40 nonsmoking mothers living in Beijing, China for at least 6 years(2).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Benzo(b)fluoranthene (B(b)F) is a solid. B(b)F is a component of coal tar pitch used in industry as a binder for electrodes. It is also a component of creosote, which is used to preserve wood. B(b)F has some use as a research chemical. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a group of chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning of coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, or other organic substances, such as tobacco and charbroiled meat. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Acute toxicity is rarely reported. Exposure to high-risk polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by skin and lung absorption results in increased incidences of skin and lung cancer. Coke oven emissions are complex mixtures of coal and coke material that include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, an epidemiological study of exposed workers indicated increased incidences of lung and urinary tract cancer. Soots, tars, and creosote contain a variety of by-products and contaminants that include PAHs, an epidemiological study demonstrates increased incidences of skin, lung, bladder and gastrointestinal cancer. B(b)F is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. ANIMAL STUDIES: Benzo(b)fluoranthene produced tumors in mice after lung implantation, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous injection, and skin painting. Dermal application of benzo[b]fluoranthene caused skin tumors, and subcutaneous injection of benzo[b]fluoranthene caused cancer at the injection site (sarcoma). Benzo[b]fluoranthene caused lung cancer (carcinoma) in female rats exposed by intrapulmonary implantation. Intraperitoneal injection of benzo[b]fluoranthene caused benign lung tumors (adenoma) in male mice (a strain with a high spontaneous incidence of lung cancer) and benign or malignant liver tumors (hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma) in newborn male mice. Maternal B[b]F exposure disturbed normal sperm function in F1 offspring. Benzo(b)fluoranthene was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium at a concentration of 100 ug/plate in strain TA100 and at 7 nmole/plate in strain TA98 with an exogenous metabolic system. Benzo(b)fluoranthene showed sister chromatid exchange in Chinese hamster bone marrow cells following two doses of 450 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Some of the most toxic PAHs of crude oil can be bioaccumulated in gelatinous zooplankton and potentially be transferred up the food web and contaminate apex predators. Chronic exposures to sediment-bound PAHs may induce lesions in gills in marine fish.

The ability of PAH's to bind to blood proteins such as albumin allows them to be transported throughout the body. Many PAH's induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor or glycine N-methyltransferase protein. These enzymes metabolize PAH's into their toxic intermediates. The reactive metabolites of PAHs (epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations) covalently bind to DNA and other cellular macromolecules, initiating mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. (L10, L23, A27, A32)

The average daily intake of benzo(b)fluoranthene in the United Kingdom in 1979 was 0.18 ug/person/day, based on total daily consumption of 1.46 kg food and beverages(1). The average daily respiratory intake of benzo(b)fluoranthene in Osaka, Japan was 29 ng/day/man from ambient air, based on atmospheric samples collected in 1981 and 1982(2).

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb or 0.454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b).

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (including benzanthracenes, benzopyrenes, benzofluoranthene, chrysenes, dibenz-anthracenes, and indenopyrenes)/

For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcinogenic effects of exposure to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons through ingestion of contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration should be zero, based on the nonthreshold assumption for this chemical. However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are estimated at 1X10-5, 1X10-6, and 1X10-7. The corresponding recommended criteria are 28.0 ng/L, 2.8 ng/L, and 0.28 ng/L, respectively. If these estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 311.0 ng/L, 31.1 ng/L, and 3.11 ng/L, respectively. /Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons/.

(WI) Wisconsin 0.2 ug/L

(FL) Florida 0.2 ug/L

No commercial use; [ACGIH] Research chemical; [HSDB] A by-product of incomplete combustion; Occurs in fossil fuels, cigarette smoke, motor vehicle exhaust, coal tars, furnace exhausts, broiled and smoked foods, and polluted air, water, and soil; [CHEMINFO]

Steel Producing [Category: Industry]

B(b)F is a ... component of coal tar pitch used in industry as a binder for electrodes. It is also a component of creosote, which is used to preserve wood ... B(b)F has some use as a research chemical.

There is no ... known use of this compound.

PAHs are generally not produced commercially in the United States except as research chemicals. /Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons/

Substance listed with specific concentration in tattoo ink and/or permanent make up according to EU Commission Regulation 2020/2081. The concentration limit (by weight) is 0.00005%.

Benzo(b)fluoranthene occurs ubiquitously in products of incomplete combustion; it also occurs in fossil fuels.

PAHs are a group of chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning of coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, or other organic substances, such as tobacco and charbroiled meat. There are more than 100 different PAHs. PAHs generally occur as complex mixtures (for example, as part of combustion products such as soot), not as single compounds. PAHs usually occur naturally, but they can be manufactured as individual compounds for research purposes; however, not as the mixtures found in combustion products. ... Others are contained in asphalt used in road construction. They can also be found in substances such as crude oil, coal, coal tar pitch, creosote, and roofing tar. They are found throughout the environment in the air, water, and soil. They can occur in the air, either attached to dust particles or as solids in soil or sediment. /Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons/