α-Cyan-3-phenoxybenzyl-[1R-[1α(S*),3α]]-3-(2,2-dichlorvinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropancarboxylat

Use carbon dioxide, foam, or dry chemical /on fires involving pyrethroids/. /Pyrethrum/

Fire-fighting: Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. /Pyrethrum/

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. /Pyrethrins/

Spillages of pesticides at any stage of their storage or handling should be treated with great care. Liquid formulations may be reduced to solid phase by evaporation. Dry sweeping of solids is always hazardous: these should be removed by vacuum cleaning, or by dissolving them in water, or other solvent in the factory environment. /Pesticides/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Incineration would be an effective disposal procedure where permitted. If an efficient incinerator is not available, the product should be mixed with large amounts of combustible material and contact with the smoke should be avoided. /Pyrethrin products/

Skin that becomes contaminated with /pyrethrum/ should be promptly washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water. /Pyrethrum/

Clothing contaminated with /pyrethrum/ should be placed in closed containers for storage until provision is made for the removal of /pyrethrum/ from the clothing. /Pyrethrum/

Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail or need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. /Pyrethrum/

Employees who handle /pyrethrum/ ... should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities. /Pyrethrum/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ALPHACYPERMETHRIN (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where /pyrethroids/ ... may contact the eyes. /Pyrethroids/

Employees should be provided with and be required to use impervious clothing, gloves, and face shields (eight-inch minimum). /Pyrethroids/

Wear appropriate equipment to prevent: Repeated or prolonged skin contact. /Pyrethrum and pyrethrins/

Wear eye protection to prevent: Reasonable probability of eye contact. /Pyrethrins/

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for ALPHACYPERMETHRIN (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/Pyrethroid/ detoxification ... important in flies, may be delayed by the addition of synergists ... organophosphates or carbamates ... to guarantee a lethal effect. ... /Pyrethroid/

Piperonyl butoxide potentiates /insecticidal activity/ of pyrethrins by inhibiting the hydrolytic enzymes responsible for pyrethrins' metab in arthropods. When piperonyl butoxide is combined with pyrethrins, the insecticidal activity of the latter drug is increased 2-12 times /Pyrethrins/

At dietary level of 1000 ppm pyrethrins & 10000 ppm piperonyl butoxide ... /enlargement, margination, & cytoplasmic inclusions in liver cells of rats/ were well developed in only 8 days, but ... were not maximal. Changes were proportional to dosage & similar to those produced by DDT. Effects of the 2 ... were additive. /Pyrethrins/

LC50 Rainbow trout 0.0028 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LD50 Bee 0.059 ug/bee (24 hr)

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 142,000(SRC), determined from an measured log Kow of 6.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that alphacypermethrin is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of alphacypermethrin from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 1.73X10-7 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 0.01 mg/l(2). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Alphacypermethrin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2). The pyrethroid class of insecticides is readily degraded by environmental microorganisms(4,5) and based upon its structure, alphacypermethrin is also expected to readily biodegrade(4,5). Aerobic batch enrichment cultures (with permethrin-containing effluent and soil samples, and sewage sludge) were able to transform alphacypermethrin at concn of 50 mg/l in the presence of Tween 80 (0.05% vol/vol) with a half-life of 7 to 14 days(6). Alphacypermethrin did not degrade in the sterile control after 28 days(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 142,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 6.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that alphacypermethrin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 1.73X10-7 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 0.01 mg/l(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 8 and 65 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 125 years if adsorption is considered(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 990(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). However, bioconcentration studies on compounds which are structurally similar suggest that bioconcentration may be lower than that indicated by the regression-derived equations due to the ability of aquatic organisms to readily metabolize this class of compounds(7). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 6.12 l/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(8); this corresponds to half-lives of 36 and 4 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(8). The pyrethroid class of insecticides is readily degraded by environmental microorganisms(9,10) and based upon its structure, alphacypermethrin is also expected to readily biodegrade(9,10). Aerobic batch enrichment cultures (with permethrin-containing effluent and soil samples, and sewage sludge) were able to transform alphacypermethrin at concn of 50 mg/l in the presence of Tween 80(0.05% vol/vol) with a half-life of 7 to 14 days(11). Alphacypermethrin did not degrade in the sterile control after 28 days(11).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), alphacypermethrin, which has a vapor pressure of 1.73X10-7 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase alphacypermethrin is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 18 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.14X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Vapor-phase alphacypermethrin is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 49 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.32X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase alphacypermethrin may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

IDENTIFICATION: Alpha-cypermethrin is a highly active pyrethroid insecticide, effective against a wide range of pests encountered in agriculture and animal husbandry. It is supplied as emulsifiable concentrate, ultra-low-volume formulation, suspension concentrate and in mixtures with other insecticides. The technical product is a crystalline powder with good solubility in acetone, cyclohexanone and xylene, but its solubility in water is low. It is stable under acidic and neutral conditions. HUMAN EXPOSURE: Exposure of the general population to alpha-cypermethrin is negligible, provided its use follows good agricultural practice. With good work practices, hygiene measures, and safety precautions, the use of alpha-cypermethrin is unlikely to present a hazard to those occupationally exposed to it. The occurrence of "facial sensations" is an indication of exposure. Under these circumstances work practices should be reviewed. ANIMAL STUDIES: Alpha-cypermethrin has moderate to high acute oral toxicity to rodents. Acute oral exposure results in clinical signs associated with central nervous system activity. Technical alpha-cypermetrhrin has been reported to be minimally irritating to rabbit skin. Some formulations cause severe eye irritations. In guinea-pigs, alpha-cypermethrin caused stimulation of sensory nerve-endings in the skin. An oral study in rats demonstrated that alpha-cypermethrin induces neurotoxicity due to histopathological alterations of the tibial and sciatic nerves, axonal degeneration and increased beta-galactosidase activity. No data are available on long-term toxicity, reproductive toxicity, teratogenicity, immunotoxicity, or carcinogenicity. From the available data on alpha-cypermethrin, it can be concluded that this compound is non-mutagenic in tests with Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and in vivo and in vitro tests with rat liver cells for the induction of chromosome aberration and production of DNA single-strand damage. Alpha-cypermethrin is highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates, fish, and bees.

Initial medical screening: Employees should be screened for history of certain medical conditions ... which might place the employee at increased risk from /pyrethroid/ exposure. Chronic respiratory disease: In persons with chronic respiratory disease, especially asthma, the inhalation of /pyrethroids/ might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its sensitizing properities. Skin disease: /Pyrethroids/ can cause dermatitis which may be allergic in nature. Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent. Any employee developing the above-listed conditions should be referred for further medical examination. /Pyrethrum/

The Koc of alphacypermethrin is estimated as 142,000(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 6.94(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that alphacypermethrin is expected to be immobile mobility in soil(SRC).

Contact allergy from pyrethroids ... has not been observed. /Pyrethroids/

The allergenic properties of pyrethroids /with early pyrethrum preparations/ are marked in comparison with other pesticides. Many cases of contact dermatitis and respiratory allergy have been reported. Persons sensitive to ragweed pollen are particularly prone to such reactions. Preparations containing synthetic pyrethroids are less likely to cause allergic reactions than are the preparations made from pyrethrum powder. /Pyrethroids/

Pyrethroids are not cholinesterase inhibitors. /Pyrethroids/

Some pyrethroid (eg, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, flucythrinate, and cypermethrin) may cause a transient itching and/or burning sensation in exposed human skin. /Synthetic pyrethroids/

The clinical manifestations of inhalation exposure to pyrethrins can be local or systemic. Localized reactors confined to the upper respiratory tract include rhinitis, sneezing, scratchy throat, oral mucosal edema, and even laryngeal mucosal edema. Localized reaction of the lower respiratory tract include cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest pain. An asthmalike reaction occurs with acute exposures in sensitized patients. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis characterized by chest pain, cough, dyspnea, & bronchospasm may occur in an individual chronically exposed. /Pyrethrum and synthetic pyrethroids/

AEROBIC: The pyrethroid class of insecticides is readily degraded by environmental microorganisms(1,2); based upon its structure, alphacypermethrin is also expected to readily biodegrade(1,2). Aerobic batch enrichment cultures, with permethrin-containing effluent and soil samples, and sewage sludge, were able to transform alphacypermethrin at concn of 50 mg/l in the presence of Tween 80(0.05% vol/vol) with a half-life of 7 to 14 days(3). Alphacypermethrin did not degrade in the sterile control after 28 days(3).

An estimated BCF of 990 was calculated for alphacypermethrin(SRC), using a log Kow of 6.94(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). However, bioconcentration studies on compounds which are structurally similar suggest that bioconcentration may be lower than that indicated by the regression-derived equations due to the ability of aquatic organisms to readily metabolize this class of compounds(4).

The Henry's Law constant for alphacypermethrin is estimated as 9.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure, 1.73X10-7 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 0.01 mg/l(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that alphacypermethrin is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 8 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 65 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 125 years if adsorption is considered(3). Alphacypermethrin's estimated Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Alphacypermethrin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

A highly active pyrethroid insecticide; Used to control a wide range of chewing and sucking insects in fruits, vegetables, vines, cereals, maize, cotton, rice, other crops, and forestry; Also used as insecticide for public health pests and animal ectoparasiticide; [HSDB]

Not currently registered with the EPA for use in the US; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For Alphacyperrmethrin (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 209600) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Control of a wide range of chewing and sucking insects (particularly Lepidotera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera) in fruit (including citrus), vegetables, vines, cereals, maize, beet, oilseed rape, potatoes, cotton, rice, soya beans, forestry, and other crops. Control of cockroaches, mosquitoes, flies, and other insect pests in public health; and flies in animal houses. Also used as an animal ectoparasiticide. Component of cypermethrin.

MEDICATION

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 209600; Trade Names: FMC 45497, NRDC 160, Fastac, Bestox.

Formulation types: emulsifiable concentrate; wettable powder; suspension concentrate, ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid, tablet

Tech. grade alpha-cypermethrin is >90% pure m/m, typically >95%.

Mixtures: (alphacypermethrin +) monocrotophos; dimethoate; chlorofenvinphos

Flowables; ultra-low volume liquid (concn varies by country); other formulations may be developed for specific local use.

Non-phytotoxic when used as directed.

/Pyrethroids/ are modern synthetic insecticides similar chemically to natural pyrethrins, but modified to increase stability in the natural environment. /Pyrethroids/

Not currently registered /in the USA/.