Forchlorfenuron

Store between 40 °F and 120 °F. /Kim Blue Plant Growth Regulator/

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal. Keep pesticide in original container. /Kim Blue Plant Growth Regulator/

Absorb with an inert material such as sand, soil or vermiculite, and sweep up and dispose in accordance with federal, state and local regulations. /Kim Blue Plant Growth Regulator/

Do not contaminate water when cleaning equipment or disposing of equipment washwater or rinsate. /Kim Blue Plant Growth Regulator/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

PESTICIDE DISPOSAL: Wastes resulting from the use of this product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility. /Kim Blue Plant Growth Regulator/

CONTAINER DISPOSAL: Nonrefillable container. Do not reuse or refill this container. Offer for recycling, if available. Triple rinse container (or equivalent) promptly after emptying. Triple rinse as follows: Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a mix tank and drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Fill the container 1/4 full with water and recap. Shake for 10 seconds. Pour rinsate into application equipment or a mix tank or store rinsate for later use or disposal. Drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Repeat this procedure two more times. /Kim Blue Plant Growth Regulator/

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR 170. /Kim Blue Plant Growth Regulator/

Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted entry interval (REI) of 12 hours. /Kim Blue Plant Growth Regulator/

Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted entry interval (REI) of 12 hours. PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated, such as plants, soil or water, is: long-sleeved shirt and long pants; chemical-resistant gloves such as barrier laminate, viton, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, neoprene rubber, or polyvinyl chloride (PVC); shoes plus socks; protective eyewear such as goggles, safety shield, or safety glasses. /Kim Blue Plant Growth Regulator/

Users should: Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet. Remove clothing immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing. Remove PPE immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing. /Kim Blue Plant Growth Regulator/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Forchlorfenuron (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Tolerances are established for residues of the plant growth regulator forchlorfenuron; N-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-N'-phenylurea in or on the following commodities: [Table#7909]

Time-limited tolerances are established for residues of the plant growth regulator forchlorfenuron; N-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-N'-phenylurea in or on the food commodities: [Table#7910]

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): APPLICATORS AND OTHER HANDLERS MUST WEAR: longsleeved shirt and long pants, chemical-resistant gloves such as barrier laminate or viton, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, neoprene rubber, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), shoes plus socks, and protective eyewear, goggles, safety shield, or safety glasses. /Kim Blue Plant Growth Regulator/

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite quail) oral > or =2250 ppm

LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite quail) subacute dietary >5620 ppm

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) subacute dietary >5620 ppm

LC50; Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout); Concentration: >9.2 ppm (acute) /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Forchlorfenuron (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc range of 852-3320 measured in four soils(2), indicates that forchlorfenuron is expected to have moderate to low to slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of forchlorfenuron from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.86X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(2). Forchlorfenuron is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3.45X10-10 mm Hg at 25 °C(2). Soil degradation studies using natural and sterilized soils found that forchlorfunuron degradation rates were faster in the natural soils suggesting that microbial degradation might be the major pathway of residue dissipation in soil(3). Dissipation rates in soil are reported to be slow with extractable residue half-lives of 578 days in one study(4). Another laboratory study observed dissipation half-lives of 15.1 to 121.3 days depending on soil type and moisture content(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc range of 852-3320 measured in four soils(2), indicates that forchorfenuron is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.86X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(2). According to a classification scheme(4), a BCF of 7.2 measured in bluegill fish(5), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Forchlorfenuron is stable to hydrolysis (30-day incubation period) at pH5, pH7 and pH9 at 25 °C(5). Forchlorfenuron did not undergo direct photolysis in aqueous solution in laboratory tests, but did photolyze in sensitized solutions (half-life of 5 days)(5). An anaerobic study in a flooded water-sediment system found a fenchlorfenuron half-life of 226 days(5). The laboratory dissipation half-lives in irrigation water collected from fields where forchlorfenuron was applied ranged from 43.3 to 64.5 days(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), forchlorfenuron, which has a vapor pressure of 3.45X10-10 mm Hg at 25 °C(2) is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase. Particulate-phase forchlorfenuron may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC).

A Koc range of 852-3320 (mean of 1763) was reported for four soils(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this Koc range suggests that forchlorfenuron is expected to have low to slight mobility in soil. Forchlorfenuron was considered to be moderately mobile to essentially immobile in soils with Freundlich Kads values of 2-20(3). Adsorption-desorption studies using three Indian soils classified forchlorfenuron as a chemical in the low to medium leaching category(4).

AEROBIC: Soil degradation studies using natural and sterilized soils (clay, sandy-loam and silty-loam grapevine soils in India) found that forchlorfunuron degradation rates were faster in the natural soils suggesting that microbial degradation might be the major pathway of residue dissipation(1).

AEROBIC: Forchlorfenuron, at a nominal application rate of 10 ug/g, was essentially stable in sandy loam soil incubated in darkness at 25 °C for up to 12 months. The calculated half-lives for extractable residues were 578 days and 1659 days for the sum of extractable and bound, respectively. The parent compound appeared to be relatively stable at 2 to 9 months post treatment. No degradates other than CO2 were detected. Evolved CO2 was a 0.81-0.95% of the applied at 2-9 months and was 0.061% of the applied at 12 months post treatment; organic volatiles were negligible. In sediment/water systems, forchlorfenuron, at a nominal concentration of 10 ug/g, sorbed onto soil and did not degrade significantly based on the sum of extractable, bound, and water residues(1).

ANAEROBIC: A half-life of 226 days for fenchlorfenuron incubated in anaerobic (nitrogen) flooded sandy loam soil was based on extractable residues. The parent compound appeared to be relatively stable in the water and soil phases from 60 to 90 days post treatment (anaerobic incubation days 30-60). Degradates were not detected in the soil or water phases(1).

Forchlorfenuron accumulation was studied in bluegill sunfish that were exposed to non-radiolabeled and uniformly phenyl ring-labeled [14C]-forchlorfenuron at a nominal concentration of 0.10 mg/L under flow-through aquarium conditions; Maximum bioconcentration factor (BCF) was 7.2x for the whole fish tissue samples(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for forchlorfenuron is 2.86X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that forchlorfenuron is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Forchlorfenuron's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). Forchlorfenuron is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3.45X10-10 mm Hg(3).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Ten male and ten female mice/dose were offered food containing each of the following concentrations of SKW 20010 (/forchlorfenuron/ 100% purity): 0, 900, 1800, 3500 or 7000 ppm. Food containing the test article was offered ad libitum for 90 days. Mean consumption of test compound at the 5 dosage levels in ascending order was males/females 162/206, 332/411, 609/788 and 1288/1683 mg/kg/day. There was no mortality and clinical signs were limited to a higher incidence of scabbing and reddening of the ears of treated males; however, there was no dose-response for this clinical sign and it was not observed in females. Only animals fed 7000 ppm had mean body weights which were lower than controls. This was true for both males and females, starting at 3 weeks. However, only in the case of males during the ninth week was the difference statistically significant. Food consumption was significantly lower for animals fed the highest dose, for a total of 4 weeks in the case of males and for one week in the case of females. At 3500 ppm both sexes suffered a single week with significantly lower food consumption. Tests in clinical pathology at 90 days revealed no convincing compound-related effects. Platelets were elevated for all males fed the test compound, but these increases were not statistically significant, showed no dose-response, and were absent from treated females. A similar pattern was noted for elevated urea nitrogen in treated males with one difference: the increase at 900 ppm was statistically significant. Bilirubin was elevated for both males and females at 7000 and 3500 ppm; however, only the increases at 7000 ppm for females and 3500 ppm for males were statistically significant. At necropsy, 4 males and 4 females were noted as having gray lacrimal glands, compared to none in controls. However, there was no dose-response for this endpoint. Free organ weights were not significantly different for treated versus control animals. In contrast, when organ weights were normalized to final bodyweights, significant increases in liver weights were identified in males at 3500 and 7000 ppm and in females at 7000 ppm. Normalized liver weights were also elevated in males at the two lower doses (though not significantly), perhaps suggesting a dose-response. However, since free liver weights were not significantly different from controls and microscopic examination of stained liver sections were negative, it is doubtful that the test compound caused liver enlargement. Lastly, the normalized kidney weights of females fed the highest dose were significantly elevated compared to controls, and microscopic examination of that organ revealed an increased incidence of infiltration of lymphocytes into the interstitium and pelvis (true for both males and females). However, since these infiltration events were almost always graded as minimal, and free kidney weights were not significantly elevated compared to controls, the case for a compound-related effect on the kidneys is weak.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of forchlorfenuron with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Forchlorfenuron, at a nominal concentration of 30 ppm, was stable to hydrolysis in pH 5, 7 and 9 aqueous buffer solutions incubated at 25 °C for up to 30 days(2). Forchlorfenuron, at a concentration of 6.7 ug/mL, was photolytically stable in pH5 aqueous buffer solution that was continuously irradiated with a xenon arc lamp and maintained at 25 °C for up to 30 days(2). In the sensitized irradiated solutions, the photolytic half-life was 5 days(2).

Workers may be exposed to forchlorfenuron during mixing, loading, application, and post application activities. Handlers may be exposed to forchlorfenuron during mixing, loading, and application activities associated with agricultural crops. Based on the proposed use patterns, short- and intermediate-term dermal and inhalation exposure are expected to occur(1).

Forchlorfenuron's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as a plant growth regulator will result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.45X10-10 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates forchlorfenuron will exist solely in the particulate phase in the atmosphere. Particulate-phase forchlorfenuron will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. If released to soil, forchlorfenuron is expected to have low to slight mobility based upon a Koc range of 852-3320. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.86X10-12 atm-cu m/mole. Forchlorfenuron is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Microbial degradation might be the major pathway of residue dissipation in soil based on sterilized versus natural soil incubation studies. Dissipation in soil may be slow based on observed half-lives of 578 days in one study, although half-lives of 15.1-121.3 days were observed in another study where dissipation rates depended on soil type and moisture content. If released into water, forchlorfenuron is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Hydrolysis and direct photolysis are not expected to be important fate processes, although sensitized photolysis may occur. An anaerobic study in a flooded water-sediment system found a fenchlorfenuron half-life of 226 days; laboratory dissipation half-lives in irrigation water collected from fields where forchlorfenuron was applied ranged from 43.3 to 64.5 days. Occupational exposure to forchlorfenuron may occur during mixing, loading, application, and post application activities. Handlers may be exposed to forchlorfenuron during mixing, loading, and application activities associated with agricultural crops. Based on the proposed use patterns, short- and intermediate-term dermal and inhalation exposure are expected to occur. (SRC)

Tolerances are established for residues of the plant growth regulator forchlorfenuron; N-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-N'-phenylurea in or on the following commodities: [Table#7911]

Time-limited tolerances are established for residues of the plant growth regulator forchlorfenuron; N-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-N'-phenylurea in or on the food commodities: [Table#7912]

For forchlorfenuron (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 288008) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Forchlorfenuron is a plant growth regulator registered for use on grapes raisins, and kiwifruit.

Plant growth regulator. Used to increase the size of kiwi fruit and table grapes.

Forchlorfenuron is a diphenylurea-derivative cytokinin growth stimulating substance used as plant growth regulator (PGR) to enhance fruit set, size and increase yields. Forchlorfenuronis is commonly used in horticulture to stimulate the growth of kiwi fruit and grapes.

Soluble powder.

Gibberellic Acid (Kim-C1, LLC): Forchlorfenuron 98%.

KT-30 Technical (Kim-C1, LLC): Forchlorfenuron 98%.

ABG-3207 Plant Growth Regulator (Kim-C1, LLC): Forchlorfenuron 0.8%.

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for Forchlorfenuron (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.