4-Dimethylamino-3,5-xylylmethylcarbamat

(Non-Specific -- Carbamate Pesticide, Solid, n.o.s.) Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or foam. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. (EPA, 1998)

Warning: Effects may be delayed. Caution is advised. Vital signs should be monitored closely.；Note: Mexacarbate is a cholinesterase inhibitor.；Signs and Symptoms of Mexacarbate Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to mexacarbate may include the following: nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, headache, runny nose, excessive salivation, sweating, lassitude, weakness, dizziness, changes in heart rate, tightness in chest, and low blood pressure. Blurring or dimness of vision, tearing, eye muscle spasms, pinpoint pupils, loss of muscle coordination, slurring of speech, and muscle spasms may also occur. Psychosis, seizures, and coma may occur. Respiratory signs include shortness of breath, respiratory depression, and respiratory paralysis.；Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to mexacarbate may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.；Inhalation Exposure:；1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to mexacarbate.；2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.；3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.；4. Rush to a health care facility.；Dermal/Eye Exposure:；1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to mexacarbate.；2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.；3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible.；4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.；5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with water.；6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.；7. Rush to a health care facility.；Ingestion Exposure:；1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.；2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

If material /is/ on fire or involved in /a/ fire do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos, (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec/

Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, solid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, solid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid)/

A system for removing pesticides from the wash water produced by pesticide applicators as they clean their equipment has been developed. The first step is the flocculation/coagulation and sedimentation of the pesticide-contaminated wash water. The supernatant from the first step is then passed through activated carbon columns. /Pesticides/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:；Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust. (ERG, 2024)

Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Group II Containers: Non-combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (eg 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured ... and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal or burial in a designated landfill. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

DISSOLVE IN FLAMMABLE SOLVENT (SUCH AS ALCOHOL) & ATOMIZE IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER EQUIPPED WITH APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE.

Hydrolysis: Mix mexacarbate with excess CaO /calcium oxide/ or NaOH /sodium hydroxide/ and sand or other adsorbent in a pit or trench at least 0.5 m deep in a clay soil. NaOH (or Na2CO3) /sodium carbonate/ can also be added to the mixture to help speed the reactions when calcium oxide is used as the main alkali. The amt of calcium oxide or NaOH to use depends on the amt of pesticide to be disposed of and, to some extent, the concentration of active ingredient in the pesticide and the actual chemical nature of the active ingredient. A practical guideline, in the absence of specific directions, is to use an approx volume or weight of alkali from one-half of to the same as that of the pesticide. For dilute formulations, such as a 1% soln or dust, the amount of calcium oxide of NaOH can be reduced by one-half. For very concentrated pesticides (over 80% active ingredient) the amount of calcium oxide or NaOH can be doubled, but the concentrate should be mixed first with water (or soapy water) before reaction with the alkali. For safety, a preliminary test should be made in which very small amt of the pesticide and alkali are mixed and observed briefly to make sure it does not react too vigorously. Sizable quantities of pesticides can be disposed of in several smaller batches, rather than all at once, for added safety. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: Large amt should be incinerated in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing when well diluted with other wastes. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Smoking, eating and drinking before washing should be absolutely prohibited when any pesticide of moderate or higher toxicity is being handled or used. /Pesticides/

If material /is/ not involved in fire keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. /Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid); Carbaryl (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/

Keep upwind. ... Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); /Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid)/; Carbaryl (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec/

If material /is/ not on fire and not involved in fire keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for MEXACARBATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:；IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.；SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.；FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

0.14 [mg/m3]

1.5 [mg/m3]

9.1 [mg/m3]

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Long-sleeved clothing and goggles, long pants, rubber gloves and boots should be worn during handling (Zectran 2E).

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec)/

Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/

Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Carbamate pesticide, solid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec ); Carbamate pesticide, solid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid)/

If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.

PHOTODEGRADATION OF ZECTRAN WAS GREATLY ENHANCED BY /FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE/ & OTHER FLAVIN COFACTORS.

THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE (PB), SULFOXIDE (SU), & DIMETHYLAMINOANILINE (DAA) USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH ZECTRAN, WAS EXAMINED IN TERMS OF THE MEDIAN LETHAL CONCN (LC50) & ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION IN THE SNAIL LYMNAEA ACUMINATA. THE 3 SYNERGISTS REDUCED THE LC50 OF ZECTRAN AT EXPOSURE PERIODS RANGING FROM 24 TO 144 HR. PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE & SULFOXIDE HAD STRONG SYNERGISTIC ACTION, WHEREAS DIMETHYLAMINOANILINE HAD ONLY A SLIGHT EFFECT.

Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Chronically high (>10 years) exposure leads to neuropsychological consequences including disturbances in perception and visuo-motor processing (A15321).

LC50 GAMMARUS FASCIATUS 0.04 MG/L/96 HR @ 21 °C (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 0.03-0.06 MG/L), MATURE /TECHNICAL MATERIAL 90-95%; STATIC BIOASSAY/

LC50 PROCAMBARUS 1.2 MG/L/96 HR @ 12 °C, EARLY INSTAR /TECHNICAL MATERIAL 90-95%; STATIC BIOASSAY/

LC50 PTERONARCYS 0.010 MG/L/96 HR @ 15 °C (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 0.007-0.014 MG/L), SECOND YEAR CLASS /TECHNICAL MATERIAL 90-95%; STATIC BIOASSAY/

LC50 COHO SALMON 23.0 MG/L/96 HR @ 12 °C (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 19.7-26.9 MG/L), WT 0.5 G /TECHNICAL MATERIAL 90-95%; STATIC BIOASSAY/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for MEXACARBATE (23 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Mexacarbate has the potential to leach to groundwater if it does not degrade first. Rapid degradation of (14)C labeled mexacarbate has been observed in sandy loam and clay loam forest soil litters. The half-lives for (14)CO2 evolution in the sand loam and clay loam litters ranged were 7.31 and 8.88 days respectively, under aerobic conditions and 7.72 and 9.32, respectivelyl, under submerged conditions(1). In wet soils, especially alkaline ones, mexacarbate is expected to hydrolyze to a variety of products. Biodegradation may occur and photolysis may be important at the soil surface. Volatilization of mexacarbate from near surface soils is not expected to be an important removal process.

AQUATIC FATE: A river die away test was conducted with mexacarbate in raw water from the Little Miami River in Ohio. The river receives domestic and industrial wastes and farm runoff. After one week, 85% of the initial amount of mexacarbate had degraded. All the initial mexacarbate had degraded after 2 weeks(1). Mexacarbate hydrolyzes, especially under alkaline conditions, to yield a variety of products. The half-lives for hydrolysis of mexacarbate in buffered solutions at 20 °C adn pH 5.94, 7.0, and 8.42 were 46.5, 25.7, and 4.6 days respectively(2). Volatilization is not expected to be significant but biodegradation may occur. Photolysis may occur near the water surface. Bioconcentration will not be significant and mexacarbate is not expected to strongly adsorb to sediments(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: The half-life of the reaction of vapor phase mexacarbate with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere was estimated to be 7.90 hours(1).

AQUATIC FATE: Hydrolysis rates of zectran are analyzed in aqueous media. Rates were measured in phosphate-buffered distilled water, and in natural waters where temperatures of 10 °C, 20 °C, and 28 °C and pH values of 5.94, 7.00 and 8.42 were registered, whereas in natural waters initial concentrations were 30 mg/l. The persistence of mexacarbate in natural waters depends on the pH value and temperature.

The distribution and persistence of aerially applied mexacarbate were studied in a New Brunswick aquatic forest environment after spraying twice at a dosage of 70 g/ha using a fixed-wing aircraft. Average droplet density (drops/sq cm) and ground deposition (g/ha) between the 2 applications differed considerably. The values for the first and second applications were respectively 1.7 and 0.73 and 5.2 and 2.0. But the average NMD (Number Median Diameter) 20 mum and VMD (Volume Median Diameter) 36 mum values for both applications were nearly the same. The maximum 1 hr post spray concentrations of mexacarbate in the stream and pond waters were respectively 0.73 ppb and 18.74 ppb. Concentrations fell rapidly to below detection limits within 12 hr in stream and within 3 days in pond water. Cattails (Typha latifolia), manna grass (Glyceria borealis) and bog moss (Sphagnum sp) collected from the pond contained peak 1 hr post-spray concentrations of 720 ppb, 482 ppb, and 81 ppb, respectively. The concentration levels decreased rapidly and the average half-lives of the chemical in them were about 3.9, 8.5, and 2.0 hr. Bog moss, stream moss (Fontinalis sp), watercress (Nasturtium officinalis), buttercup (Ranunculus aquatilis) and green algae (Draparnaldia sp) sampled from the stream sites did not contain measurable levels of mexacarbate. Also, caged and wild tadpoles (Rana clamitans melanota) from the pond, brook trout (Salvenilus fontinalis) (caged and wild), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (wild) and mayfly nymphs (Ephemerella sp) collected from the stream did not contain any of the material. Mexacarbate was not detected in stream and pond sediments. The demethylated products, 4-methylamino and 4-amino-3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate and the phenol, 4-dimethylamino-3,5-xylenol as transformation products were frequently detected in water and in the aquatic plants which had accumulated the insecticide. The presence of these compounds showed that demethylation and hydrolytic routes are

Mexacarbate is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Carbamates form unstable complexes with chlolinesterases by carbamoylation of the active sites of the enzymes. This inhibition is reversible. A cholinesterase inhibitor suppresses the action of acetylcholine esterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholine esterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop.

As with organophosphates, the signs and symptoms are based on excessive cholinergic stimulation. Unlike organophosphate poisoning, carbamate poisonings tend to be of shorter duration because the inhibition of nervous tissue acetylcholinesterase is reversible, and carbamates are more rapidly metabolized. Muscle weakness, dizziness, sweating and slight body discomfort are commonly reported early symptoms. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Contraction of the pupils with blurred vision, incoordination, muscle twitching and slurred speech have been reported. (L795)

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=315-18-4]

ERRORS IN ANALYSIS OF THE INSECTICIDE ZECTRAN IN NATURAL WATERS HAVE BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO PARTICULATE MATTER IN THESE WATERS. ZECTRAN DOES SORB ONTO PARTICULATES, ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT OF ORGANIC MATTER MEASURED AS CHEMICALLY OXIDIZABLE CARBON.

(14)C-labeled mexacarbate was studied in sandy loam an clay loam forest soil profile columns under simulated field conditions(2). Most of the 14-C-labelled material, mexacarbate and its degradation products, were strongly adsorbed to the upper layers of soil litter except in experiments wher the columns were overloaded by the quantity of mexacarbate added to the column(2). Using a reported water solubility of 100 ppm(1), a Koc of 347 was calculated(3,SRC). Based on the estimated Koc value and the results from the soil column experiments, mexacarbate is expected to maintain medium and low mobility in soils, respectively(4).

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Mexacarbate is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500/10,000 lbs.

Used as a non-agricultural insecticide for a wide range of insect pests; [HSDB]

/FORMERLY/ USED AS A MOLLUSCICIDE

Control out-of-doors & greenhouse pests of ornamental plants, turf & ground cover; control forestry pests such as western spruce budworm & jack pine budworm; pests controlled included mites, snails, slugs & a wide range of insect pests of the orders, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera & Orthoptera.

INSECTICIDE FOR NON-AGRICULTURAL USES-EG, LAWNS & TURF, FLOWERS, GARDENS, VINES, & FOREST LANDS, WOODY SHRUBS & TREES.

Mexacarbate is widely used as an insecticide or pesticide in homes, gardens and agricultural applications. It is a synthetic compound.

REDUCTIVE ALKYLATION OF 4-NITROSO-3,5-XYLENOL, FOLLOWED BY REACTION WITH METHYL ISOCYANATE

OUTLINE OF PREPN STARTING WITH 3,5-XYLENOL

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Mexacarbate (technical grade) as an active ingredient believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as a pesticide.

BRITISH PATENT 925,424.

Zectran is registered in the USA for use as an insecticide and a molluscicide against lawn, turf, and flower pests. It is not registered for use on food crops.