1,1-Dichlor-1,2,2,2-tetrafluorethan

1.455 g/cu cm at 25 °C

Liquid density: 1.55 g/mL at 25 °C

In water,137 mg/L at 25 °C

Very soluble in benzene, diethyl ether, ethanol

Under certain conditions, /chlorofluorocarbon/ vapors may decompose on contact with flames or hot surfaces, creating the potential hazard of inhalation of toxic decomposition products. /Chlorofluorocarbon/

The appearance of toxic decomposition products serves as warning of the occurrence of thermal decompositon and detection of a sharp acrid odor warns of the presence of these products. /Fluorocarbons/

Chemical: Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-

Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), after consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is amending FDA's regulation on the use of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) in selfpressurized containers to remove the essential-use designations for flunisolide, triamcinolone, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, albuterol and ipratropium in combination, cromolyn, and nedocromil used in oral pressurized metered-dose inhalers (MDIs). The Clean Air Act requires FDA, in consultation with the EPA, to determine whether an FDA-regulated product that releases an ODS is an essential use of the ODS. FDA has concluded that there are no substantial technical barriers to formulating flunisolide, triamcinolone, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, albuterol and ipratropium in combination, cromolyn, and nedocromil as products that do not release ODSs, and therefore they will no longer be essential uses of ODSs as of the effective dates of this rule. MDIs for these active moieties containing an ODS may not be marketed after the relevant effective date. DATES: Removal of Part 2.125(e)(2)(iii) and 2.125(e)(4)(vii) is effective June 14, 2010. Removal of Part 2.125(e)(1)(v) and 2.125(e)(4)(iv) is effective December 31, 2010. Removal of Part 2.125(e)(1)(iii) is effective June 30, 2011. Removal of 2.125(e)(2)(iv) and Part 2.125(e)(4)(viii) is effective December 31, 2013. /Ozone-Depleting Substances/

Use of ozone-depleting substances in foods, drugs, devices, or cosmetics. (a) As used in this section, ozone-depleting substance (ODS) means any class I substance as defined in 40 CFR part 82, appendix A to subpart A, or class II substance as defined in 40 CFR part 82, appendix B to subpart A. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, any food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is, consists in part of, or is contained in an aerosol product or other pressurized dispenser that releases an ODS is not an essential use of the ODS under the Clean Air Act. (c) A food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is, consists in part of, or is contained in an aerosol product or other pressurized dispenser that releases an ODS is an essential use of the ODS under the Clean Air Act if paragraph (e) of this section specifies the use of that product as essential. For drugs, including biologics and animal drugs, and for devices, an investigational application or an approved marketing application must be in effect, as applicable. ... (e) The use of ODSs in the following products is essential: ... (2) Metered-dose short-acting adrenergic bronchodilator human drugs for oral inhalation. Oral pressurized metered-dose inhalers containing the following active moieties: ... (iv) Pirbuterol. ... (4) Other essential uses. (iii) Anesthetic drugs for topical use on accessible mucous membranes of humans where a cannula is used for application. ... (vi) Metered-dose atropine sulfate aerosol human drugs administered by oral inhalation. ... (viii) Metered-dose ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate, in combination, administered by oral inhalation for human use. (ix) Sterile aerosol talc administered intrapleurally by thoracoscopy for human use. /Ozone-Depleting Substances/

Production and Consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances under the Montreal Protocol 1986 - 2004[UNEP; Ozone Secretariat UNEP November 2005, Available from, as of march 11, 2013: http://ozone.unep.org/Publications/Production_and_consumption2005.pdf]

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer[UNEP; Ozone Secretariat United Nations Environment Programme, The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Available from, as of March 11, 2013: http://ozone.unep.org/pdfs/Montreal-Protocol2000.pdf]

Achievements in Stratospheric Ozone Protection Progress Report: This report covers the important and substantial achievements of the people, programs, and organizations that are working to protect the Earth's ozone layer. As impressive as these accomplishments are, our work is not done. Even though we have reduced or eliminated the use of many ozone-depleting substances, some still remain. Additionally, since ozone-depleting substances persist in the air for long periods of time, the past use of these substances continues to affect the ozone layer today. We must also continue to ensure that the alternatives being brought to the market support the country's long-term environmental goals in a cost-effective manner.[EPA; Achievements in Stratospheric Ozone Protection Progress Report, Available from, as of March 11, 2013: http://www.epa.gov/ozone/downloads/spd-annual-report_final.pdf]

UNEP; Ozone Secretariat. Twenty Questions and Answers about the Ozone Layer: 2010 Update. The questions address the nature of atmospheric ozone, the chemicals that cause ozone depletion, how global and polar ozone depletion occur, the success of the Montreal Protocol, and what could lie ahead for the ozone layer.[Available from, as of May 21, 2013: http://ozone.unep.org/Assessment_Panels/SAP/Scientific_Assessment_2010/]

USEPA; Ozone Layer Protection - Alternatives/SNAP Program. List of Substitutes. Substitutes are reviewed on the basis of ozone depletion potential, global warming potential, toxicity, flammability, and exposure potential as described in the final SNAP rule (59 FR 13044). Lists of acceptable and unacceptable substitutes are updated several times each year.[Available from, as of May 21, 2013: www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/lists/index.html]

/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED OR LIQUEFIED (INCLUDING REFRIGERANT GASES)/ Fire or Explosion: Some may burn, but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED OR LIQUEFIED (INCLUDING REFRIGERANT GASES)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED OR LIQUEFIED (INCLUDING REFRIGERANT GASES)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED OR LIQUEFIED (INCLUDING REFRIGERANT GASES)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,1-DICHLORO-1,2,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

All fluorocarbons will undergo thermal decomposition when exposed to flame or red-hot metal. Decomposition products of the chlorofluorocarbons will include hydrofluoric & hydrochloric acid along with smaller amounts of phosgene & carbonyl fluoride. The last compound is very unstable to hydrolysis & quickly changes to hydrofluoric acid & carbon dioxide in the presence of moisture.

In contact with open flame or very hot surface fluorocarbons may decomp into highly irritant & toxic gases: chlorine, hydrogen fluoride or chloride, & even phosgene.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty). Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Do not use water on material itself. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane/

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius. /1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Dichlorotetrafluoroethane is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Incineration is done, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.

Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing vapors. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. /1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane/

If material not involved in fire: Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Inhalation of vapors should be avoided. /Chlorofluorocarbon/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,1-DICHLORO-1,2,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Forced air ventilation and level of vapor concentration together with the use of individual breathing devices with independent air supply will minimize risk of inhalation. Lifelines should be worn when entering tanks or other confined spaces. /Chlorofluorocarbon/

Neoprene gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection minimize risk of topical contact. /Chlorofluorocarbon or Hydrochlorofluorocarbon/

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was designed to reduce the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances in order to reduce their abundance in the atmosphere, and thereby protect the earth's fragile ozone Layer. The original Montreal Protocol was agreed on 16 September 1987 and entered into force on 1 January 1989. The Montreal Protocol includes a unique adjustment provision that enables the Parties to the Protocol to respond quickly to new scientific information and agree to accelerate the reductions required on chemicals already covered by the Protocol. These adjustments are then automatically applicable to all countries that ratified the Protocol. Since its initial adoption, the Montreal Protocol has been adjusted five times. Specifically, the Second, Fourth, Seventh, Ninth, Eleventh and Nineteenth Meetings of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol adopted, in accordance with the procedure laid down in paragraph 9 of Article 2 of the Montreal Protocol, certain adjustments and reductions of production and consumption of the controlled substances listed in the Annexes of the Protocol. These adjustments entered into force, for all the Parties, on 7 March 1991, 23 September 1993, 5 August 1996, 4 June 1998, 28 July 2000 and 14 May 2008, respectively. In addition to adjusting the Protocol, the Parties to the Montreal Protocol have amended the Protocol to enable, among other things, the control of new chemicals and the creation of a financial mechanism to enable developing countries to comply. Specifically, the Second, Fourth, Ninth and Eleventh Meetings of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol adopted, in accordance with the procedure laid down in paragraph 4 of Article 9 of the Vienna Convention, four Amendments to the Protocol - the London Amendment (1990), the Copenhagen Amendment (1992), the Montreal Amendment (1997) and the Beijing Amendment (1999). Unlike adjustments to the Protocol, amendments must be ratified by countries before their requirements are applicable to those countries. The London, Copenhagen, Montreal and Beijing Amendments entered into force on 10 August 1992, 14 June 1994, 10 November 1999 and 25 February 2002, respectively, only for those Parties which ratified the particular amendments. In addition to adjustments and amendments to the Montreal Protocol, the Parties to the Protocol meet annually and take a variety of decisions aimed at enabling effective implementation of this important legal instrument. Through the 22nd Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol, the Parties have taken over 720 decisions.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 200 (SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2 atm-cu m/mole, derived from its vapor pressure, 1640 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 137 mg/L(5). The potential for volatilization of 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane from dry soil surfaces may exist, based upon a vapor pressure of 1640 mm Hg(4). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2012).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 200(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane may moderately adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2 atm-cu m/mole, derived from its vapor pressure, 1640 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 137 mg/L(8). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.8 hours and 5.2 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 32(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.78(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2012).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 1640 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas if released to the ambient atmosphere. 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is not expected to degrade in the troposphere and it will disperse and slowly diffuse to the stratosphere, a process that may take decades(3). In the stratosphere, 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane will slowly photolyze, releasing chlorine atoms which in turn are responsible for removing ozone(4). While some 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane may be lost from the atmosphere by being scavenged by rain, any loss will be returned to the atmosphere by volatilization(SRC). 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane does not contain any chromophores that absorb solar radiation >290 nm and, therefore, it is not susceptible to direct photolysis in the troposphere(SRC).

Initial Medical Screening: Employees should be screened for history of certain medical conditions which might place the employee at increased risk from Refrigerant 114 exposure. /These are/ chronic respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Periodic Medical Examination: Any employee developing /these/ conditions should be referred for further medical examination. /Freon 114/

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane can be estimated to be 200(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane may be distributed globally in the air, in both the troposphere and stratosphere, by analogy to CFC 114 a chlorofluorocarbon with an atmospheric lifetime of 200 years, found in the air in both the troposphere and stratosphere(1).

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Early ... human experience indicated that high vapor concn (eg, 20%) may cause confusion, pulmonary irritation, tremors, & rarely coma, but ... these effects were generally transient & without late sequelae.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Aerosol sprays containing fluorocarbon propellants are another source of solvent intoxication. Prolonged exposure or daily use may result in damage to several organ systems. Clinical problems include cardiac arrhythmias, bone marrow depression, cerebral degeneration, and damage to liver, kidney, & peripheral nerves. Death occasionally has been attributed to inhalant abuse, probably via the mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias, especially accompanying exercise or upper airway obstruction. /Fluorocarbon propellants/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Obviously the cause of death is in considerable doubt. Laryngeal spasm or edema, oxygen displacement, or sensitization of the myocardium to endogenous catecholamines with subsequent ventricular fibrillation appear to be reasonable possibilities.

/SURVEILLANCE/ In a cross-sectional study the neurological effects of fluorocarbons were evaluated in 27 refrigeration repair workers. Fourteen age matched reference subjects were selected from a local union of plumbers, pipe-fitters, and insulation workers. A case of peripheral neuropathy in a commercial refrigeration repairman prompted the investigation. Personal air samples from 2 worker-participants over the course of a typical workshift showed 1.4 ppm chlorodifluoromethane and 2.2 ppm chloropentafluorethane. There were no cases of peripheral neuropathy in the study subjects. There was no significant difference in mean nerve conduction velocities (ulnar, median, peroneal, sural, tibial) between study and reference subjects. Lightheadedness and palpitations were reported significantly more often by refrigeration repair workers (p < 0.05).

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,1-DICHLORO-1,2,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane's former production and use as an aerosol propellant, refrigerant, solvent, fire extinguisher, blowing agent, or dielectric fluid(1) may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), such as 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, were scheduled for production phaseout in 1989 by the Montreal Protocol(2). Although originally scheduled for 50% production phaseout by the year 1998 in developed countries, the worsening ozone depletion has forced acceleration of the CFC phase-out to total phaseout by the year 2000(1).

An estimated BCF of 32 was calculated for 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.78(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is estimated as 1.2 atm-cu m/mole, derived from its vapor pressure, 1640 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 137 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3.8 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5.2 days(SRC). 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane's estimated Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon its vapor pressure(1).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Early animal ... experience indicated that high vapor concn (eg, 20%) may cause confusion, pulmonary irritation, tremors, & rarely coma, but that these effects were generally transient & without late sequelae.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In experimental animals variable degrees of tachycardia, myocardial depression, and hypotension have been described.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Chlorofluorocarbons could sensitize the canine myocardium to adrenaline, resulting in serious cardiac arrhythmias. /CFCs/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Long term exposure of rats and rabbits to atmospheres containing 1 percent Dichlorotetrafluoroethane, two hours a day, five days a week, induced no sign of intoxication in these animals. Considering the individual variations of the amount of red and white blood cells observed in the rat, no significant variation has been observed in this animal during the length of the experimentation. Histological examination shows no trace of lesion which could be attributed to the toxicity of the product. The discrete hepatic lesions observed in one of the treated rabbits have also been found in the control animals, and the same holds true for the lesions of acute pneumopathy, of broncho-pneumonial type, found in two rats who died during the period of experimentation. No significant change of the electroencephalographic tracings were observed in the rabbit. (French)

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), after consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is amending FDA's regulation on the use of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) in selfpressurized containers to remove the essential-use designations for flunisolide, triamcinolone, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, albuterol and ipratropium in combination, cromolyn, and nedocromil used in oral pressurized metered-dose inhalers (MDIs). The Clean Air Act requires FDA, in consultation with the EPA, to determine whether an FDA-regulated product that releases an ODS is an essential use of the ODS. FDA has concluded that there are no substantial technical barriers to formulating flunisolide, triamcinolone, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, albuterol and ipratropium in combination, cromolyn, and nedocromil as products that do not release ODSs, and therefore they will no longer be essential uses of ODSs as of the effective dates of this rule. MDIs for these active moieties containing an ODS may not be marketed after the relevant effective date. DATES: Removal of Part 2.125(e)(2)(iii) and 2.125(e)(4)(vii) is effective June 14, 2010. Removal of Part 2.125(e)(1)(v) and 2.125(e)(4)(iv) is effective December 31, 2010. Removal of Part 2.125(e)(1)(iii) is effective June 30, 2011. Removal of 2.125(e)(2)(iv) and Part 2.125(e)(4)(viii) is effective December 31, 2013. /Ozone-Depleting Substances/

Use of ozone-depleting substances in foods, drugs, devices, or cosmetics. (a) As used in this section, ozone-depleting substance (ODS) means any class I substance as defined in 40 CFR part 82, appendix A to subpart A, or class II substance as defined in 40 CFR part 82, appendix B to subpart A. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, any food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is, consists in part of, or is contained in an aerosol product or other pressurized dispenser that releases an ODS is not an essential use of the ODS under the Clean Air Act. (c) A food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is, consists in part of, or is contained in an aerosol product or other pressurized dispenser that releases an ODS is an essential use of the ODS under the Clean Air Act if paragraph (e) of this section specifies the use of that product as essential. For drugs, including biologics and animal drugs, and for devices, an investigational application or an approved marketing application must be in effect, as applicable. ... (e) The use of ODSs in the following products is essential: ... (2) Metered-dose short-acting adrenergic bronchodilator human drugs for oral inhalation. Oral pressurized metered-dose inhalers containing the following active moieties: ... (iv) Pirbuterol. ... (4) Other essential uses. (iii) Anesthetic drugs for topical use on accessible mucous membranes of humans where a cannula is used for application. ... (vi) Metered-dose atropine sulfate aerosol human drugs administered by oral inhalation. ... (viii) Metered-dose ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate, in combination, administered by oral inhalation for human use. (ix) Sterile aerosol talc administered intrapleurally by thoracoscopy for human use. /Ozone-Depleting Substances/

... Main factor affecting fate of fluorocarbons is body fat, where they are concentrated & slowly released into blood at concn that should not cause any risk of cardiac sensitization.

There is a significant accumulation of fluorocarbons in brain, liver and lung compared to blood levels, signifying a tissue distribution of fluorocarbons similar to that of chloroform.

Regardless of the route of entry, chlorofluorocarbons appear to be eliminated almost exclusively through the respiratory tract. Little, if any, chlorofluorocarbon or metabolite has ever been reported in urine or feces. /Chlorofluorocarbons/

Can be used as a refrigerant, solvent, and aerosol propellant; No report of commercial use in the US; [HSDB]

Aerosol propellant, refrigerant, solvent, fire extinguisher, blowing agent, and dielectric fluid /CFC 114/

Chlorofluoroalkanes (and also the alternative HCFCs and HFCs) produced on an industrial scale are subject to stringent standards. Impurities must not exceed the following limits (vol %): acids, 0; moisture, <0.001; higher-boiling fractions, <0.05; and other gases, 2. /Chlorofluoroalkanes/

2023: 100,000,000 - <500,000,000 lb

(1977) AT LEAST 4.54X10+8 G

(1981) AT LEAST 6.81X10+6 G-UNSPECIFIED ISOMER

Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro- is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-. Aggregated National Production Volume: 100 to < 500 million lbs.

Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-. National Production Volume: withheld.

The most important commercial method for manufacturing /chlorofluoro carbons/ is the successive replacement of chlorine by fluorine using hydrogen fluoride. The liquid-phase process uses antimony pentafluoride or a mixture of antimony trifluoride and chlorine as catalysts. Continuous vapor-phase processes employ gaseous hydrogen fluoride in the presence of heterogenous chromium, iron or fluorinated alumina catalysts.

Commercial manufacture of the closely related isomer CClF2CClF2, is achieved by the direct chlorination of tetrafluoroethylene

The most important commercial method for manufacturing CFCs and HCFCs is the successive replacement of chlorine by fluorine using hydrogen fluoride. The traditional, liquid-phase process uses antimony pentafluoride or a mixture of antimony trifluoride and chlorine as catalysts. Continuous vapor-phase processes that employ gaseous hydrogen fluoride in the presence of heterogenous chromium, iron, or fluorinated alumina catalysts also are widely used. Carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and hexachloroethane (or tetrachloroethylene plus chlorine) are commonly used starting materials for one- and two-carbon chlorofluorocarbons. The extent of chlorine exchange can be controlled by varying the hydrogen fluoride concentration, the contact time, or the reaction temperature. /CFCs and HCFCs/

Industrial Gas Manufacturing

Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-: ACTIVE

SRP: The EPA has organized groups of chemicals into two classes according to their ozone-depletion potential. Class I controlled substances are those with an ozone-depletion potential of 0.2 or higher. Class II controlled substances are those with an ozone-potential of less than 0.2. Class II controlled substances are all hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs).

In the United States, "Class I" substances were subject to the first round of phaseout targets. Class I substances have an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0.2 or higher, and include halons, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl bromide. Section 604 of the Clean Air Act sets the phaseout targets for Class I substances. The ban on production and import of halons took effect on January 1, 1994. The ban on production and import of other Class I ODS /ozone-depleting substance/ - excluding methyl bromide - took effect on January 1, 1996.

Class I Controlled Substance: C2F4Cl2 - Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-114) /and all isomers/: Ozone-depletion potential: 1.0.

... /The use of chlorofluorocarbons/ for aerosol sprays was prohibited as of 1979, except for a few specialized items, because of their depleting effect on stratospheric ozone. /Chlorofluorocarbons/