Bleisulfid

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam extinguishers. ... If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), with draw immediately to a secure position.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) /Lead sulfide, liquid/

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for Lead(II) Sulfide (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Keep in a dry place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Non-combustible, acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic hazardous materials or hazardous materials causing chronic effects.

Store in a secure poison location. ... Lead sulfide must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers (such as perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates, and nitrates) and chemically active metals (such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, and zinc), since violent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from moisture and acids. Lead is regulated by an OSHA Standard 1910.1025. All requirements of the standard must be followed. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance with OSHA Standard 1910.1045.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be contained with a flexible impermeable membrane liner./ Cover solids with plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /Lead sulfide, liquid/

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Lead sulfide, liquid/

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Lead(II) Sulfide (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D008, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Chemical Treatability of Lead; Concentration Process: Biological Treatment; Chemical Classification: Metal; Scale of Study: Respirometer Study; Results of Study: Oxygen uptake inhibited. /Inorganic lead cmpd/

Chemical Treatability of Lead; Concentration Process: Biological Treatment; Chemical Classification: Metal; Scale of Study: Laboratory Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Synthetic Wastewater; Results of Study: No stimulation or inhibition of biological growth (study of Nitrosomonas bacteria). /Inorganic lead cmpd/

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Lead(II) Sulfide (24 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

0.05 [mg/m3], as Pb

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.05 mg/cu m. /Lead and inorganic compounds, as Pb/

Peak Exposure Recommendation: Transient increases in workers' exposure levels may exceed 3 times the value of the TLV-TWA level for no more than 15 minutes at a time, on no more than 4 occasions spaced 1 hour apart during a workday, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the value of the TLV-TWA level. In addition, the 8-hour TWA is not to be exceeded for an 8-hour work period. /Lead and inorganic compounds, as Pb/

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. /Lead and inorganic compounds, as Pb/

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: lead in blood; Sampling Time: not critical; BEI: 30 ug/100 mL. [Note: Women of child bearing potential, whose blood Pb exceeds 10 ug/dL, are at risk of delivering a child with a blood Pb over the current Centers for Disease Control guideline of 10 ug/dL. If the blood Pb of such children remains elevated, they may be at increased risk of cognitive deficits. The blood Pb of these children should be closely monitored and appropriate steps should be taken to minimize the child's exposure to environmental lead.] /Lead/

2016 Notice of Intended Changes (NIC): These substances, with their corresponding indices, comprise those for which (1) a BEI is proposed for the first time, (2) a change in the Adopted index is proposed, (3) retention as an NIC is proposed, or (4) withdrawal of the Documentation and adopted BEI is proposed. In each case, the proposals should be considered trial indices during the period they are on the NIC. These proposals were ratified by the ACGIH Board of Directors and will remain on the NIC for approximately one year following this ratification. If the Committee neither finds nor receives any substantive data that change its scientific opinion regarding an NIC BEI, the Committee may then approve its recommendation to the ACGIH Board of Directors for adoption. If the Committee finds or receives substantive data that change its scientific opinion regarding an NIC BEI, the Committee may change its recommendation to the ACGIH Board of Directors for the matter to be either retained on or withdrawn from the NIC. Chemical: Lead; Determinant: Lead in blood; Sampling Time: Not critical; BEI: 200 ug/L; Notation: None . NOTE: Women of child bearing potential, whose blood Pb exceeds 50 ug/L, are at risk of delivering a child with a blood Pb over the current u.s. Centers for Disease Control guideline of 50 ug/L. (CDC: Guidelines for the identification and management of lead exposure in pregnant and lactating women, November 2010). If the blood Pb of such children remains elevated, they may be at increased risk of cognitive deficits and other health effects. /Lead/

Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for Lead(II) Sulfide (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

As the number of nanoparticle-based products increase in the marketplace, there will be increased potential for human exposures to these engineered materials throughout the product life cycle. We currently lack sufficient data to understand or predict the inherent nanomaterial characteristics that drive nanomaterial-biological interactions and responses. In this study, we utilized the embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio) model to investigate the importance of nanoparticle (NP) surface functionalization, in particular as it pertains to nanoparticle stability, on in vivo biological responses. This is a comparative study where two lead sulfide nanoparticles (PbS-NPs) with nearly identical core sizes, but functionalized with either sodium 3-mercaptopropanesulfonate (MT) or sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulfonate (DT) ligand, were used. Developmental exposures and assessments revealed differential biological responses to these engineered nanoparticles. Exposures beginning at 6 hr post fertilization (hpf) to MT-functionalized nanoparticles (PbS-MT) led to 100% mortality by 120 hpf while exposure to DT-functionalized nanoparticles (PbS-DT) produced less than a 5% incident in mortality at the same concentration. Exposure to the MT and DT ligands themselves did not produce adverse developmental effects when not coupled to the NP core. Following exposure, we confirmed that the embryos took up both PbS-MT and PbS-DT material using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The stability of the nanoparticles in the aqueous solution was also characterized. The nanoparticles decompose and precipitate upon exposure to air. Soluble lead ions were observed following nanoparticle precipitation and in greater concentration for the PbS-MT sample compared to the PbS-DT sample. ... /PbS nanoparticles/

Lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) have been applied in the biomedical area because they offer an excellent platform for theragnostic applications. In order to comprehensively evaluate the biocompatibility of PbS QDs in human cells, we analyzed the exosomes secreted from cells because exosomes are released during cellular stress to convey signals to other cells and serve as a reservoir of enriched biomarkers. PbS QDs were synthesized and coated with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) to allow the particles to disperse in water. Exosomes were isolated from HEK293 cells treated with PbS-MPA at concentrations of 0 ug/mL, 5 ug/mL, and 50 ug/mL, and the exosomal expression levels of miRNAs and proteins were analyzed. As a result, five miRNAs and two proteins were proposed as specific exosomal biomarkers for the exposure of HEK293 cells to PbS-MPA. Based on the pathway analysis, the molecular signature of the exosomes suggested that PbS-MPA QDs had carcinogenic activity. The comet assay and expression of molecular markers, such as p53, interleukin (IL)-8, and C-X-C motif chemokine 5, indicated that DNA damage occurred in HEK293 cells following PbS-MPA exposure, which supported the carcinogenic activity of the particles. In addition, there was obvious intensification of miRNA expression signals in the exosomes compared with that of the parent cells, which suggested that exosomal biomarkers could be detected more sensitively than those of whole cellular extracts. /Lead sulfide quantum dots/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <24 hr neonate; Conditions: freshwater, static, pH 7.5-9.1, hardness 246-255 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 191-202 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 9958000 ug/L for 48 hr /total Pb ion/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <24 hr neonate; Conditions: freshwater, static, pH 7.5-9.1; Concentration: 138 ug/L for 48 hr /dissolved Pb/

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) age <24 hr, neonate; Conditions: freshwater, static, pH 7.5-9.1, dissolved oxygen saturated; Concentration: 403000 ug/L for 96 hr /total Pb ion/

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) age <24 hr, neonate; Conditions: freshwater, static, pH 7.5-9.1; Concentration: 3655000 ug/L for 96 hr /total Pb ion/

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) age <24 hr, neonate; Conditions: freshwater, static, pH 7.5-9.1; Concentration: 915 ug/L for 96 hr /dissolved Pb/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Lead(II) sulfide will not leach in soil because it is relatively insoluble(1). When galena (lead(II) sulfide) ore weathers, it forms angelesite (lead sulfate) and cerussite (lead carbonate(2).

AQUATIC FATE: If released into water, lead(II) sulfide will partly settle out due to its low solubility(1). In the dissolved state it will form ligands, the dominant ones varying with pH(2). In freshwater systems, the most important ligands are HCO3, CO3, OH and (OH)2, whereas in seawater they are Cl, CO3, (OH), (OH)2, Cl2, and CL3(2).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Lead(II) sulfide is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere which will be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition. (SRC)

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Lead sulfide forms metallic black cubic crystals. It is used in glazing earthenware, as a friction additive in clutch facings and disc brakes. It is also used in photoconductive cells, infrared detectors, transistors, humidity sensors in rockets, catalysts for removing mercaptans from petroleum distillates, mirror coatings to limit reflectivity, high temperature solid-film lubricants, and in blue lead pigments. Lead sulfide quantum dots have biomedical applications. ANIMAL STUDIES: Lead sulfide may deposit as a thin line along the gingival margin. This line appears blue to black and is called a Burtonian line. It is characteristic of chronic lead poisoning. A case of chronic lead poisoning with lead sulfide presented clinically with abdominal crampoid pain, encephalopathy (manifested as anxiety and irritability), a Burtonian gingival border and microcytic sideropenic anemia. ANIMAL STUDIES: Lead sulfide was found to have a low bioavailability in rat at repeated doses and thus did not result in overt toxicity. In rats, deposits of a black/brown pigment were recognized in the lung 12 weeks after the intratracheal administration of lead sulfide in dosages of 15 or 30 mg, with cells exhibiting a light foam reaction. A black/brown pigment was deposited nodularly 12 weeks after the administration of lead sulfide in a dosage of 50 mg. In rats PbS nanoparticles showed high neurotoxicity, while a possible mechanism was suggested to be due to the calcium homeostasis disorder which was caused by the abnormal calcium transportation. Lead sulphide was found mutagenic at the HPRT locus, in V79 cells, at concentrations that do not induce SCE.

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ ...The toxicity of various sizes of lead sulfide particles against the important model fungus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae /was investigated/. The smallest particle exerted the highest toxicity, inhibiting cell growth and decreasing cell viability, likely reflecting reduced sedimentation and persistent cell wall attack. In response to cell wall stress, S. cerevisiae showed an increase in the cell wall chitin content and the overexpression of FKS2 and PRM5, two genes of the cell wall integrity signaling pathway. Cell wall stress increased the concentration of intracellular reactive oxygen species, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis. The contribution of dissolved lead ions to the overall toxicity was negligible. ...

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Short-Term Toxicity Studies", "Special Studies," and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from, as of May 5, 2016: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/testing/status/agents/ts-1314870.html]

Lead(II) sulfide was identified, not quantified, in particulate matter collected on a filter in the vicinity of a lead smelter(1). The chemical composition of baghouse effluent from smelting and refining operations is largely lead(II) sulfide; 70-95% in some cases with lead sulfate, lead oxide.lead sulfate and elemental lead also being present(2). Lead in a sewage wastewater effluent was found as the sulfide(3).

Lead(II)sulfide, in the form of dust, may be released into the atmosphere from the natural weathering of crustal material containing lead(II) sulfide(SRC). Most lead is mined from the most abundant lead ore, Galena (lead(II) sulfide)(1). The lead deposits now being mined in the USA consist of almost pure galena, some of which contain over 70% lead(2). Most of lead mined in the USA is in southeastern Missouri(2). In reduced systems where sulfur is present, PbS will be formed which is the stable form of lead under these conditions(3).

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Lead sulfide may deposit as a thin line along the gingival margin. This line appears blue to black and is called a Burtonian line. It is characteristic of chronic lead poisoning.

/CASE REPORTS/ The /study/ report the observation of lead poisoning in a young Moroccan woman, which was caused by prolonged use of a khol made of lead sulfide. Khol is a black eye make-up used since Ancient Egypt. Clinically, this poisoning presented with abdominal crampoid pain, encephalopathy (manifested as anxiety and irritability), a Burtonian gingival border and microcytic sideropenic anemia. Emergency chelate treatment permitted to improve clinical state and to decrease blood levels (initial blood concentration: 490 micrograms/dL; concentration six weeks after treatment: 49 micrograms/dL). ...

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) have been applied in the biomedical area because they offer an excellent platform for theragnostic applications. In order to comprehensively evaluate the biocompatibility of PbS QDs in human cells, we analyzed the exosomes secreted from cells because exosomes are released during cellular stress to convey signals to other cells and serve as a reservoir of enriched biomarkers. PbS QDs were synthesized and coated with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) to allow the particles to disperse in water. Exosomes were isolated from HEK293 cells treated with PbS-MPA at concentrations of 0 ug/mL, 5 ug/mL, and 50 ug/mL, and the exosomal expression levels of miRNAs and proteins were analyzed. As a result, five miRNAs and two proteins were proposed as specific exosomal biomarkers for the exposure of HEK293 cells to PbS-MPA. Based on the pathway analysis, the molecular signature of the exosomes suggested that PbS-MPA QDs had carcinogenic activity. The comet assay and expression of molecular markers, such as p53, interleukin (IL)-8, and C-X-C motif chemokine 5, indicated that DNA damage occurred in HEK293 cells following PbS-MPA exposure, which supported the carcinogenic activity of the particles. In addition, there was obvious intensification of miRNA expression signals in the exosomes compared with that of the parent cells, which suggested that exosomal biomarkers could be detected more sensitively than those of whole cellular extracts.

Lead(II) sulfide may be released to the environment during the mining and processing of galena, the major commercial lead ore(1). Lead(II) sulfide's manufacture and use in semiconductors, infrared detectors, and ceramic glazes(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

D008; A solid waste containing lead may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Lead/

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Lead sulfide is included on this list. Effective date: February 28, 2008; Sunset date: April 28, 2008.

National primary and secondary ambient air quality standards for lead and its compounds, measured as elemental lead by a reference method based on appendix G to this part, or by an equivalent method, are: 1.5 ug/cu m, maximum arithmetic mean averaged over a calendar quarter. /Lead and its compounds, as Pb/

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Lead compounds are included on this list. /Lead compounds/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Lead sulfide is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Lead and compounds/

(AZ) ARIZONA 20 ug/L /Lead/

(ME) MAINE 10 ug/L /Lead/

EPA 15 ug/L (Action Level) /Lead/

EPA 15 ug/L (Action Level). /Lead/