Neoandrographolide

BeschreibungAndrographic plants are derived from the aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees and known by various vernacular names such as “chunlianqiuliu,” “yijianxi,” “lanhelian,” “kudancao,” “jinxiangcao,” “jinergou,” “India grass,” and “bitter grass.” Andrographis paniculata is planted in South and Southeast Asia, India, and Australia. This herb is also cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Jiangsu, and Shaanxi provinces in China. Andrographis paniculata has been used to treat colds, sore throat, mouth sores, cough, diarrhea dysentery, and so on. Andrographis paniculata contains diterpene lactone compounds, and they have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. The main active ingredients include andrographolide, neoandrographolide, deoxy andrographolide, dehydrated andrographolide, and so on. Andrographis paniculata has been included by US Pharmacopeia.

HistoryThe chemical constituents of Andrographis paniculata are mainly lactones and flavonoids, including the lactone compounds such as andrographolide and dehydrated andrographolide. In 1952, Kleipool first reported the separation of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata . In 1968 and 1971, W.R. Chan etal. identified the chemical structure and stereostructure of andrographolide. In the 1990s, a variety of diterpene lactones were isolated from the aerial part and the lotus leaf of Andrographis paniculata, such as andrographolide, neoandrographolide, dehydroandrographolide, deoxyandrographolid, deoxyandrographiside, 8-methylandrograpanin, 3-dehydrodeoxyandrographolide, andrograpanin, and 3-oxo-14-deoxy-andrographol,and also some flavonoids and sitosterol and daucosterol compounds . Until now, more than 40 diterpene lactone components and more than 70 flavonoids have been found from Andrographis paniculata. There are sterols, organic acids, diterpene alcohols, diterpene acid salts, and cycloalkene ether also found from Andrographis paniculata .Since the 1970s, pharmacists and organic chemists have done a lot of work on the modification of andrographolide, mainly in Michael addition of α, β-unsaturated lactone double bonds and three hydroxyl groups selective esterification, oxidation and substitution reactions, redox reduction of double bonds, intramolecular cyclization, and lactone ring replacement reactions , and the resulting andrographolide derivatives or analogues can improve the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular system, immunomodulation, and antitumor activities.

VerwendenNeoandrographolide is one of the principle diterpenoids isolated from A. paniculata, a well-recognized medicinal plant in Asia.