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Siliciumcarbid

Silicon carbide

HCID 9863
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Grundinformationen

CAS
409-21-2
Standard-SMILES
[C-]#[Si+]
InChIKey
HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Summenformel
CSi
Durchschnittliche Molmasse
40,096 g/mol
Monoisotopische Masse
39,97692653

Überblick

Silicon carbide appears as yellow to green to bluish-black, iridescent crystals. Sublimes with decomposition at 2700 °C. Density 3.21 g cm-3. Insoluble in water. Soluble in molten alkalis (NaOH, KOH) and molten iron.

Namen und Bezeichner

Bevorzugter Name
Silicon carbide
IUPAC
methanidylidynesilanylium
Lokaler Name
Siliciumcarbid
Englischer Name
Silicon carbide
Summenformel
CSi
Molmasse
40.1

Namen und Synonyme

SILICON CARBIDE409-21-2CarborundumSilicon monocarbideCrystarBetarundumCarborundeumTokawhiskerCarbolonNicalonSilundumSilicon carbide (SiC)
Weitere Namen anzeigen
SiCBLACK SILICON CARBIDEnanopowderSimaxcarboniteBOILING CHIPSSilicon carbidSILICON CARBIDE BLACKua1
Carbon silicideGreen densicCarbofrax MBetarundum UFAnnanox CKBetarundum ST-SCrystolon 37Crystolon 39

Datenbank-Bezeichner

CAS
409-21-2
PubChem CID
9863
DTXSID
DTXSID5052751
ChEBI
CHEBI:29390
EC Number
206-991-8
Nikkaji
J1.627.380E

Eigenschaften

Berechnete StruktureigenschaftenWird ergänzt

Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA)
0 Ų
H-Brücken-Donoren
0
H-Brücken-Akzeptoren
1
Frei drehbare Bindungen
0
Schwere Atome
2
Formalladung
0
Komplexität
10

Experimentelle und physikochemische Eigenschaften

Chemical ClassesMineral Dusts -> Other Mineral Dusts
SpringerMaterials Propertiesvalence band parameter
Density · 6 Einträge

3.23 (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink

3.23

3.2 g/cm³

3.23

3.16 @25 °C

3.23

Color/Form · 3 Einträge

EXCEEDINGLY HARD, GREEN TO BLUISH-BLACK, IRIDESCENT, SHARP CRYSTALS

HEXAGONAL OR CUBIC

Yellow to green to bluish black, iridescent crystals.

Solubility · 5 Einträge

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

INSOL IN COLD WATER, HOT WATER, & ACID; SOL IN FUSED POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

INSOL IN ALCOHOL; SOL IN MOLTEN IRON

Solubility in water: none

Insoluble

Boiling Point · 3 Einträge

Sublimes (NIOSH, 2024)

sublimes

Sublimes

Melting Point · 5 Einträge

4892 °F (Sublimes) (NIOSH, 2024)

2600 °C

4892 °F (sublimes)

Sicherheit und Regulatorisches

Sicherheitsangaben dienen nur zur Orientierung und ersetzen weder das Sicherheitsdatenblatt (SDB) des Lieferanten noch geltende Vorschriften oder eine fachliche Bewertung.

GHS-Klassifizierung

GHS Classification · 6 Einträge

Danger

H350i: May cause cancer by inhalation [Danger Carcinogenicity]

P203, P280, P318, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 70.3% (740 of 1053) of all reports.

Danger

H350i (16.6%): May cause cancer by inhalation [Danger Carcinogenicity]

Gefahrenhinweise

Regulatory Information · 6 Einträge

Chemical: Silicon carbide (SiC)

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity

Silicon carbide (SiC) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Silicon carbide (SiC) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

REACH registered substance: Silicon carbide (EC: 206-991-8)

Silicon carbide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Other Safety InformationIMAP assessments - Silicon carbide (SiC): Environment tier I assessment
Fire HazardsNot combustible.
Fire PotentialNONCOMBUSTIBLE
Health HazardsExcerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Silicon carbide:
Hazards Summary · 1 Eintrag

Production workers loading and unloading furnaces are exposed to carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, crystalline silica, and fibrous and nonfibrous silicon carbide particles. [Rom, p. 534-5] Workers in production and manufacturing, e.g., abrasive products industry, are exposed to varying quantities of fibers (or whiskers) that have dimensions similar to amphibole asbestos fibers. Nonfibrous particles have low to very low toxic effects on lung tissue. Silicon carbide fibers, on the other hand, can cause lung fibrosis, lung cancer, and possibly mesothelioma. Silicon carbide fibers should be counted and controlled in the same manner as asbestos fibers. [ACGIH] Occupational exposures associated with the Acheson process are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). Fibrous silicon carbide is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). Silicon carbide whiskers are probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). [IARC Vol. 111] See the agent, Acheson process, occupational exposure.

Chemie und Industrie

Pharmakologische Informationen

MeSH Pharmacological ClassificationSynthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.

Verwendung und Herstellung

Uses · 5 Einträge

Used as an abrasive and refractory material; Produced in furnaces containing petroleum coke and crystalline silica at a temperature of >2200 degrees C for 36 hours; [ACGIH]

Abrasive Blasting [Category: Clean]

Polishing glass, granite; smoothing bisque ware; in sharpening stones; abrasive;manufacture /of/ porcelain, "emery" paper and wheels, shoe soles, refractory brick, furnace linings; antiskid pavements; in semiconductor technology.

COMPONENT OF TREADS & BRAKE LININGS; COMPONENT OF HEATING ELEMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL FURNACES; FIBERS IN MATERIALS TO RESIST HIGH RE-ENTRY TEMPS & ROCKET NOZZLE COMPOSITES; COMPONENT OF THERMISTORS & VARISTORS; STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS IN NUCLEAR REACTORS; DEOXIDANT IN FERROUS METALLURGY.

Abrasive for cutting and grinding metals, grinding wheels, refractory in non-ferrous metallurgy, ceramic industry and boiler furnaces, composite tubes for steam reforming operations. Fibrous form used in filament-wound structures and heat-resistant, high-strength composites.

U.S. Exports · 2 Einträge

(1972) 4.5X10+9 GRAMS

(1975) 5.79X10+8 GRAMS

U.S. Imports · 2 Einträge

(1972) 9.7X10+10 GRAMS (CRUDE & REFINED)

(1975) 7.73X10+10 GRAMS (CRUDE)

U.S. Production · 3 Einträge

2023: 5,000,000,000 - <10,000,000,000 lb

(1972) 1.49X10+11 GRAMS (CRUDE)

(1975) 1.22X10+11 GRAMS (CRUDE)

Consumer UsesOther
Industry UsesAlloys

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2830 °C

4892 °F (Sublimes)

Vapor Pressure · 3 Einträge

0 mmHg (approx) (NIOSH, 2024)

0 mmHg (approx)

0 mmHg (approx)

Refractive IndexINDEX OF REFRACTION: 2.654; 2.697
Ionization Potential · 2 Einträge

9.30 eV

9.30 eV

Physical Description · 6 Einträge

Silicon carbide appears as yellow to green to bluish-black, iridescent crystals. Sublimes with decomposition at 2700 °C. Density 3.21 g cm-3. Insoluble in water. Soluble in molten alkalis (NaOH, KOH) and molten iron.

Dry Powder; Wet Solid; CBI; Large Crystals; Other Solid; Dry Powder; Liquid

Yellow to green to bluish-black, iridescent crystals; [NIOSH]

YELLOW-TO-GREEN-TO-BLUE-TO-BLACK CRYSTALS, DEPENDING ON PURITY.

Yellow to green to bluish-black, iridescent crystals.

Yellow to green to bluish-black, iridescent crystals.

Other Experimental Properties · 3 Einträge

DIELECTRIC CONSTANT: 7.0; HARDNESS: 9.5; ELECTRON MOBILITY: GREATER THAN 100 SQ CM/VOLT-SEC; HOLE MOBILITY: GREATER THAN 20 SQ CM/VOLT-SEC; BAND GAP ENERGY: 2.8 ELECTRON-VOLTS

SUBLIMES WITH DECOMPOSITION AT 2700 °C

EXCELLENT THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE; RESISTS OXIDATION AT HIGHER TEMPERATURES

Physikochemische Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt
2700 °C · 2700 °C (lit.)
Dichte
3.22 g/mL · 3.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Brechungsindex
2.65 · 2.6500
Löslichkeit
Soluble in molten sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and in molten iron.
Aggregatzustand
nanopowder
Farbe
Green
Wichte
3.22 · 3.22
Wasserlöslichkeit
Soluble in molten alkalis (NaOH, KOH) and molten iron. Insoluble in water.
Spezifische Wärmekapazität
0.67 J/ · Cp(crystal): 0.67 J/(g·K), at 25℃
Merck
14 · 14,8492
Stabilität
Stability
Kosmetik-Inhaltsstoffe Funktionen
ABRASIVE
InChI
1S/CSi/c1-2
InChIKey
HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
[C-]#[Si+]
Modulus of Elasticity
459 · 459 - 476 GPa
Knoop Microhardness
3000 · 3000, at 25°C
Poissons Ratio
0.14 · 0.14, sintered
Shear Modulus
180 GPa, · 180 GPa, Calculated
NIST chemische Informationen
Silicon monocarbide(409-21-2)
EPA chemische Informationen
Silicon carbide (409-21-2)
Reactive GroupNitrides, Phosphides, Carbides, and Silicides
EPA Safer ChemicalChemical: Silicon carbide
OSHA Standards · 4 Einträge

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 15 mg/cu m. /Total dust/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. /Respirable fraction/

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 10 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states. /Total/

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 5 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states. /Resp/

Reactivity ProfileSILICON CARBIDE is non-combustible. Generally unreactive. Soluble in molten alkalis (NaOH, KOH) and in molten iron.
Flammable LimitsNoncombustible Solid
Air and Water ReactionsNo rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Sicherheit und Schutzausrüstung

Fire FightingIn case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.
First Aid Measures · 2 Einträge

Fresh air, rest.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

First Aid · 2 Einträge

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Silicon carbide:

(General first aid procedures)

Exposure Control and Personal Protection · 1 Eintrag

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

Cleanup MethodsWASTE SOLN CONTAINING HEAVY METALS & SILICON CARBIDE FROM METAL PLATING ARE MIXED WITH NONIONIC MATERIALS SUCH AS DIATOMACEOUS EARTH & A FLOCCULANT TO PPT SI CARBIDE. SUPERNATANT LIQ AFTER REMOVING PPT IS SAND-FILTERED & ION-EXCHANGED.
Spillage DisposalPersonal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.
Eye PreventionWear safety goggles.
Inhalation RiskA nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.
Ingestion PreventionDo not eat, drink, or smoke during work.
Inhalation PreventionAvoid inhalation of dust.
Respirator RecommendationsImportant additional information about respirator selection
Threshold Limit Values (TLV) · 6 Einträge

10.0 [mg/m3], (inhalable particulate matter), 3 mg/m3 (respirable fraction) [nonfibrous forms], 0.1 respirable fibers/cc [fibrous forms]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 10 mg/cu m. /Nonfibrous silicon carbide; inhalable fraction; particulate matter containing no asbestos & <1% crystalline silica/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Nonfibrous and fibrous (incl whiskers) forms of silicon carbide/

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 3 mg/cu m. /Nonfibrous silicon carbide; respirable fraction; particulate matter containing no asbestos & <1% crystalline silica/

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.1 fibers/cc. /Respirable fibers: length > 5 um; aspect ratio greater than or equal to 3:1, as determined by the membrane filter method at 400-450X magnification (4-mm objective), using phase-contrast illumination; fibrous forms of silicon carbide (incl whiskers)/

A2; Suspected human carcinogen. /fibrous forms of silicon carbide (incl whiskers)/

Toxikologische Informationen

Target OrgansEyes, skin, respiratory system
Adverse EffectsFibrogenic - Inducing tissue injury and fibrosis (scarring).
Exposure Routesinhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact
Signs and Symptoms · 3 Einträge

Cough.

Redness. Pain.

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; cough

Human Toxicity Excerpts · 5 Einträge

SLIGHT RADIOGRAPHIC CHANGES /OCCURRED/ IN 10 OF 32 WORKERS EXPOSED ... TO SILICON CARBIDE. MOST ... HAD WORKED FOR 15 YR OR MORE IN DUSTY ATMOSPHERES WITH AVG DUST COUNT OF 1200 PARTICLES/CC (34 MPPCF) & AVG PARTICLE DIAMETER OF 1 MICRON. ALL CASES WERE TUBERCULIN POS. THOSE PRESENTING PULMONARY CHANGES HAD ... SLIGHT RESP SYMPTOMS.

ACUTE LOCAL: INHALATION 1; IRRITANT 1. CHRONIC LOCAL: INHALATION 1. 1= SLIGHT: CAUSES READILY REVERSIBLE CHANGES WHICH DISAPPEAR AFTER END OF EXPOSURE.

Nuisance particulate (accumulation in lungs).

Silicon carbide can alter the course of inhalation tuberculosis leading to extensive fibrosis and progressive disease.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SILICON CARBIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Carcinogen Classification · 5 Einträge

Silicon carbide whiskers

Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans

Volume 111: (2017) Some Nanomaterials and Some Fibres

2017

2014

Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts · 2 Einträge

SILICON CARBIDE PRODUCED NO FIBROSIS OF LUNGS IN NORMAL EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS, BUT PROFOUNDLY ALTERED THE COURSE OF INHALATION TUBERCULOSIS, LEADING TO EXTENSIVE FIBROSIS & PROGRESSIVE DISEASE. ... INERT REACTION RESULTED WHEN SILICON CARBIDE WAS INJECTED IP IN GUINEA PIGS.

WOUNDING MOUSE SKIN BY STRIPPING WITH SILICON CARBIDE PAPER LED TO MARKED INDUCTION OF ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY. ACTIVITY WAS MAX BETWEEN 20 & 26 HR AFTER WOUNDING, WITH SECONDARY RISE @ 72 HR.

Evidence for CarcinogenicityA2; Suspected human carcinogen. /fibrous forms of silicon carbide (incl whiskers)/
Probable Routes of Human ExposureA NUISANCE PARTICULATE.

Sicherheitsdaten

OEB
B
OEL
TWA: 10 mg/m3 (total)
wgk
3
tsca
TSCA listed
hs_code
28492000
RTECS-Nr.
VW0450000
risk_code
36/37/38
hazard_code
Xi
safety_code
26-36
Speicherklasse
11 - Combustible Solids
Giftige Stoffe Daten
409-21-2(Hazardous Substances Data)
Methods of Manufacturing · 2 Einträge

REACTION OF SILICA SAND AND COKE OR ANTHRACITE COAL AT HIGH TEMPERATURES.

MADE BY HEATING COKE & SAND (& SALT AS FLUX) IN ELECTRIC FURNACE.

Use Classification · 2 Einträge

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Processing Aids and Additives

Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern

General Manufacturing Information · 4 Einträge

Non-metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing)

Silicon carbide (SiC): ACTIVE

AVAILABLE FORMS: POWDER; FILAMENT; WHISKERS (3 MILLION PSI); SINGLE CRYSTALS.

LIQ WASTE OF NUCLEAR FUEL REPROCESSING CALCINED, PARTICLES OVERCOATED BY ALPHA-SILICON CARBIDE, GRAPHITE & FORMALDEHYDE-PHENOL RESIN, PRESSED, CARBONIZED & SINTERED FORMING BETA-SILICON CARBIDE MATRIX ENCLOSING WASTE.

Anwendungen · 2 Einträge

BeschreibungSilicon carbide is a hard covalently bonded material predominantly produced by the carbothermal reduction of silica. Silicon carbide is made by heating silica sand and petroleum coke packed around electrodes in an electric resistance furnace to above 2200°C. Depending on the exact reaction conditions the resulting silicon carbide is either a fine powder or a bonded mass that requires crushing and milling to produce a usable feedstock. This material is very resistant to abrasion and to corrosion with a molten slag. It also has excellent resistance to thermal spalling. However as it is a carbide, it will oxidise readily, silicon carbide has a fairly high conductivity. Several hundred structures of silicon carbide (polytypes) have been identified which have different stacking arrangements for the silicon and carbon atoms. The simplest structure is a diamond structure which is designated /3-SiC. Other structures are either hexagonal or rhombic and are referred to as a-SiC.

VerwendenSilicon carbide is widely used as an abrasive in grinding and cutting glasses; in polishing glass and sharpening stones. It is used in the manufacture of porcelain, refractory brick, furnace linings, and emery paper. The compound also is used in semiconductor technology.

Darstellung · 1 Eintrag

synthetischeSilicon carbide is prepared by fusing a mixture of silica (sand) and carbon (coke) with some salt and saw dust in an electric arc furnace at 3000°C. SiO2(Sand)+3C(Coke)--(3000℃)--Sic+2CO Salt and saw dust is added to infuse air into the product so that it can be broken into pieces easily. The product obtained is first washed with strong acid followed by strong base to remove basic and acidic impurities respectively. Finally, it is washed with water.

Vor- und nachgelagerte Produkte

Vorgelagerte Rohstoffe

SchwefelwasserstoffArgonsilicon carbide fiberKohlenmonoxidDelayed petroleum cokeRuss1,3-Bis(Chloromethyl)-1,1,3,3-TetramethyldisiloxaneTrichlor(methyl)silanSiliciumtetrachloridcarbosilaneSiliciumdioxidTrisiliciumtetranitridDichlor(dimethyl)silanQuarz (SiO2)Fumed SilicaHigh purityGraphit

Nachgelagerte Produkte

EthylenoxidKohlenstofftetrafluorid
Ergänzende Hinweise · 1 Eintrag

DefinitionBluish-black, iridescent crystals. Insoluble in water and alcohol; soluble in fused alkalies and molten iron. Excellent thermal conductivity, electrically conductive, resists oxida- tion at high temperatures. Noncombustible, a nui- sance particulate.