Formaldehyde → Dimethyl alpha-hydroxymethyl-alpha-fluoromalonate

Beteiligte Stoffe

Reaktionsschritte

In the first process stage, dimethyl α-fluoromalonate is subjected to hydroxymethylation with formaldehyde. (Dimethyl α-fluoromalonate is a known compound; see Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 25 (1984), 203-212.) The formaldehyde is preferably employed in the form of an aqueous solution having a formaldehyde content of 30 to 40% by weight. The formaldehyde is employed in an amount of 1 to 10 mot, preferably 1.1 to 3 mot (relative to 1 mol of dimethyl α-fluoromalonate). It is also possible to use paraformaldehyde, hexamethylenetetramine or 1,3,5-trioxane instead of formaldehyde. It is advantagous to carry out the reaction in the presence of a basic catalyst, which is then used in an amount of 2 to 50, preferably 5 to 15, mol % (relative to the dimethyl α-fluoromalonate). The catalyst used is, in particular, an alkali metal bicarbonate, for example potassium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate. The reaction is carried out at a temperature of 5° to 40° C., preferably 15° to 30° C. The dimethyl α -hydroxymethyl-α-fluoromalonate formed is then isolated from the reaction mixture, preferably by salting out or extraction by means of a water-immiscible organic solvent. A suitable solvent is, above all, an aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbon having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for example methylene dichloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1-dichloroethane or 1,2-dichloroethane. A combination of salting out and extraction is particularly advantageous; a saturated salt solution (ammonium sulfate or sodium chloride) is then first added to the reaction mixture, and this mixture is then extracted. Dimethyl α-hydroxymethyl-α-fluoromalonate is obtained in the form of a colorless solid by evaporating the solvent.

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