Sulfuric Acid → L-Gulonic acid

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2-keto-L-gulonic acid is an important intermediate in vitamin C manufacture. Condensation of L-sorbose with acetone in the presence of sulfuric acid followed by oxidation with permanganate and hydrolysis of the diisopropylidene derivative by boiling yields 2 keto-L-gulonic acid as described in Helv. Chim. Acta., 17, 311 (1934) and U.S. Pat. No. 2,301,811. The preparation of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid by careful oxidation of L-sorbose with nitric acid is claimed in British Pat. No. 443,901 and Dutch Pat. No. 59,584. The selective reduction of 2,5-diketogluconic acid to yield a mixture of 2-ketogluconic acid and 2-ketogulonic acid is described in co-pending application, Ser. No. 749,509 filed Oct. 10, 1976.

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