HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
Carbonyl Sulfide
COS · CARBON OXYSULFIDE · Carbon oxide sulfide · thioformin · Oxothioxocarbon · oxycarbonsulfide · Thioxo-methanone · Oxomethanethione
Identifiers & Physical Properties
| CAS No. | 463-58-1 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | COS |
| Average molar mass | 60.08 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic mass | 59.96698562 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=C=S |
| InChIKey | JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 10039 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:16573 |
| EC No. | 207-340-0 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID6023949 |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| XLogP | 1.5 |
|---|---|
| Topological polar surface area | 49.2 |
| Hydrogen bond donors | 0 |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 2 |
| Rotatable bonds | 0 |
| Heavy atoms | 3 |
| Formal charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 27.8 |
| Chemical classes | Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Other Toxic Gases & VaporsFlammable agents - 4th degree |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Dunham energy parameter |
| Pesticides | Pesticide -> EPA IRIS |
| Odor | Odorless when very pureTypical sulfide odor except when pure |
| Density | 2.456 g/LLiquid density (174 K): 1.274 g/cu cm. Vapor density (25 °C, 1 atm): 2.849 g/L2.456 @25 °C2.4849 |
| Color/Form | Colorless gas |
| Solubility | In water, 1,220 mg/L at 25 °CSolubility at 1 atm (mL/mL): water 0.80 (12.5 °C)Soluble in waterSoluble in ethanolFor more Solubility (Complete) data for Carbonyl sulfide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.soluble in H2O, ethanolmL/100mL H2O: 133.3 (0°C), 56.1 (20°C), 40.3 (30°C) [LAN05]slowly decomposes in H2O [COT88]soluble alcohol [HAW93] |
| Corrosivity | Attacks metals in the presence of moisture and is involved in atmospheric sulfur corrosion |
| Boiling point | -50 °C-50 °C @760 [mm Hg]−50 °C(lit.) |
| Decomposition | Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions: Carbon oxides, sulfur oxides.When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /carbon monoxide/. |
| Melting point | -138.8 °C-58.4 °F−138 °C(lit.) |
| Vapor density | 2.1 (Air = 1) (gas)2.1 (20 °C, vs air) |
| Vapor pressure | 9034 mm Hg ( 21 °C) |
| Refractive index | n 1.3785 |
| Physical state | gas |
| Color | colorless |
| Odor threshold | 0.055ppm |
| Explosive limits | 11.9-29% |
| Specific heat capacity | Cp(gas): 0.69 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Henry's law constant | 2.0×10-4 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Burkholder et al. (2019) |
| Stability | Stable. Corrosive to common metals when moisture is present. Reacts vigorously with oxidants. Flammable. Suck-back into cylinder may cause rupture. |
| InChI | 1S/COS/c2-1-3 |
| InChIKey | JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | O=C=S |
| EWG's Food Scores | 2 |
| FDA UNII | 871UI0ET21 |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Carbonyl sulfide (463-58-1) |
| Toxicological Profile|ATSDR | CARBONYL SULFIDE|Toxicological Profile|ATSDR |
| UNSPSC Code | 12142100 |
| GHS pictogram | GHS02,GHS04,GHS06 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS hazard statements | H221-H280-H315-H319-H330-H335 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P210-P302+P352-P304+P340+P310-P305+P351+P338-P403+P233-P410+P403 |
| Target organs | Respiratory system |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US) |
| Hazard symbols | F,Xn |
| Risk statements (R) | 11-20-36/37/38 |
| Safety statements (S) | 16-26-38 |
| UN transport number | UN 2204 |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 3 |
| RTECS number | FG6400000 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| Hazard class | 2.3Acute Tox. 2 InhalationEye Irrit. 2Flam. Gas 1BPress. Gas Liquefied gasSkin Irrit. 2STOT SE 3 |
| Storage class | 2A - Gases |
| Hazardous substances data | 463-58-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 i.p. in rats: 22.5 mg/kgLC50 by inhalation (mg/m3): 2940 in mice (35 min)2650 in rats (4 h) (Bartholomaeus, Haritos) |
Safety & Regulations
| GHS classification | DangerH220 (100%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]P203, P210, P222, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 196 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases] |
|---|---|
| Hazards Identification | Toxic/poison by inhalation (TIH/PIH) |
| Regulatory information | Chemical: Carbon oxide sulfide, (COS)Hazard Traits - NeurotoxicityOcular ToxicityCarbon oxide sulfide (COS) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Carbon oxide sulfide (COS) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Carbon oxide sulphide (carbonyl sulphide): HSNO Approval: HSR001057 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| DOT label | Poison Gas Flammable Gas |
| Fire hazards | Excerpt from ERG Guide 119 [Gases - Toxic - Flammable]:· Flammablemay be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. |
| Fire potential | A very dangerous fire hazard and moderate explosive hazard when exposed to heat or flame. |
| Health hazards | Excerpt from ERG Guide 119 [Gases - Toxic - Flammable]:· TOXICmay be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Some may cause severe skin burns and eye damage. |
| Hazards summary | Carbonyl sulfide is used as an intermediate in organic compound synthesis. Limited information is available on the health effects of carbonyl sulfide. Acute (short-term) inhalation of high concentrations of carbonyl sulfide may cause narcotic effects in humans. Carbonyl sulfide may also irritate the eyes and skin in humans. No information is available on the chronic (long-term), reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of carbonyl sulfide in humans. EPA has not classified carbonyl sulfide with respect to potential carcinogenicity.Liquefied gas can cause frostbite[NJ-HSFS] TLV Basis = CNS impairmentCarbonyl sulfide is less toxic than hydrogen sulfide in animal experimentsA slight methemoglobinemia occurs in animals exposed to > 151 ppmAdverse effects are due mainly to hydrogen sulfide[ACGIH] Decomposes to hydrogen sulfide in moist air or lungs[CHEMINFO MSDS] See Hydrogen sulfide. |
| DOT ID and guide | 2204 119 |
| Reactive group | Sulfides, Inorganic |
| Special Reports | HHS/ATSDRToxicological Profile for Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbonyl Sulfide 254 pp (November 2016).[Available from, as of January 11, 2018: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/index.asp] |
| RCRA requirements | D003A solid waste containing sulfide cmpd may become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to testing for reactivity as stipulated in 40 CFR 261.23, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Sulfide cmpd/ |
| Reactivity Alerts | Highly Flammable |
| Fire fighting | Excerpt from ERG Guide 119 [Gases - Toxic - Flammable]: |
| Accidental release measures | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| First aid | Excerpt from ERG Guide 119 [Gases - Toxic - Flammable]:General First Aid: |
| Firefighting Hazards | Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the container may rupture violently or rocket. |
| Exposure control and personal protection | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016]. |
| Fire fighting procedures | Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.Use water spray to cool unopened containers.Do not extinguish a leaking gas fire unless leak can be stopped. Small fire: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Large fireE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. For chlorosilanes, do not use waterRuse AFFF alcohol-resistant medium-expansion foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists. Fire involving tanks: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devicesicing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. Always stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for Carbonyl sulfide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Storage conditions | Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Contents under pressure. Storage class (TRGS 510): Gases |
| Cleanup methods | ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Clean up promptly by sweeping or vacuum.Eliminate all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. For chlorosilanes, use AFFF alcohol-resistant medium-expansion foam to reduce vapors. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. |
| Nonfire spill response | Excerpt from ERG Guide 119 [Gases - Toxic - Flammable]: |
| Disposal methods | Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product. |
| Preventive Measures | ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Use explosion-proof equipment. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.Appropriate engineering controls: Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Carbonyl sulfide (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 119 [Gases - Toxic - Flammable]:Immediate precautionary measureSmall spill: |
| Body burden | Carbonyl sulfide was qualitatively detected in 1 of 8 samples of mother's milk obtained from residents of urban centers in PA, NJ, and LA(1). Carbonyl sulfide was found in 1 of 8 personal air samples of subjects monitored in Bayonne and Elizabeth, NJ(2). |
| Interactions | Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is acutely toxic to rats, with an LD50 of 22.5 mg/kg, ip. COS is partly metabolized in vivo to hydrogen sulfide. Pretreatment of rats with acetazolamide, reduced the blood levels of hydrogen sulfide and decreased the toxicity of COS. Sodium nitrite pretreatment also protected animals against COS toxicity. Acetazolamide had no effect on hydrogen sulfide toxicity per se.Pre-exposure to acetazolamide (a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) resulted in a decrease in mortality in rats exposed via intraperitoneal injection to a lethal dose of carbonyl sulfide ... There is also in vitro evidence that carbonyl sulfide is metabolized by the mixed-function oxidase enzyme system to carbon dioxide ... However, the metabolism was not inhibited by the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase inhibitors (SKF 525-A, 4-methylpyrazole, metyrapone) or substrate (carbon disulfide).... In microsomes, (CS2) metabolism was increased by phenobarbital pretreatment of the rats and decreased with pretreatment of the rats with cobaltous chloride. In both microsomes and hepatocytes, CS2 metabolism was inhibited by SKF-525A. Carbon dioxide (CO2) was the major volatile metabolite of CS2 in hepatocytes, and carbonyl sulfide (COS) was the major volatile metabolite in microsomal incubations. Addition of cytosol to microsomal incubations shifted the predominant volatile metabolite from COS to CO2 but did not change total volatile metabolite formation. Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, significantly decreased COS metabolism but not CS2 metabolism in isolated hepatocytes or microsomes fortified with dialyzed cytosol. When [(18)O]H2O was included in incubations of microsomes and CS2, a substantial portion of the resulting COS was [(18)O] enriched. |
| Environmental fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that carbonyl sulfide is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of carbonyl sulfide from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.61 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 9.41X10+3 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 1.22X10+3 mg/L(4). Carbonyl sulfide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2017).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that carbonyl sulfide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.61 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.41X10+3 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1.22X10+3 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hrs and 3 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -1.33(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2017).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), carbonyl sulfide, which has a vapor pressure of 9.41X10+3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase carbonyl sulfide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 22 years(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Carbonyl sulfide did not absorb UV light at environmental wavelengths >290nm and, therefore, photolysis in the troposphere is negligible(4). |
| Adverse effects | Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the bloodthe compound is classified as secondary toxic effect |
| Milk Concentrations | Carbonyl sulfide was qualitatively detected in 1 of 8 samples of mother's milk obtained from residents of urban centers in PA, NJ, and LA(1). |
| Toxicity summary | IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Carbonyl sulfide is a colorless gas. It is used as grain fumigant, and for small-scale synthesis and experiments. HUMAN STUDIES: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: Carbonyl sulfide is an odorless gas that produces highly reproducible lesions in the central nervous system. Carbonyl sulfide produced cortical and brainstem lesions and altered auditory neurophysiological responses to click stimuli in rats. In rats exposed to 500 or 600 ppm for up to 4 days, malacia and microgliosis were detected in numerous neuroanatomical regions of the brain by conventional optical microscopy and magnetic resonance microscopy. After a 2-week exposure to 400 ppm slight gait abnormality was detected in 50% of the rats and hypotonia was present in all rats. Continuous exposure of rabbits to approximately 50 ppm carbonyl sulfide for 7 weeks slightly elevated the mean serum cholesterol concentration. Serum triglyceride concentration was largely unaffected. Carbon sulfide is neither genotoxic nor a developmental toxicant but does reversibly impair male fertility. A decrease in pregnancy rate was observed in unexposed female rats mated with male rats exposed to 182 ppm carbonyl sulfide 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 10 weeks and 6 hours/day, 7 days/week for a 3-week mating period. When the males were allowed to recover for 10 weeks prior to mating to unexposed females, no alterations in fertility were observed. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: In insects, carbonic anhydrase has a key role in toxicity of carbonyl sulfide. |
| Ecotoxicity excerpts | /OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is a ... fumigant used in phytosanitary treatments. It was developed as a potential alternative to methyl bromide, which is being phased out because of its ozone-depletion properties. To understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms occurring in fungal pathogens in response to COS fumigation, we cloned 510 cDNA fragments of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler genes that are differentially expressedthese genes were cloned using suppression subtractive hybridization. Changes in the levels of transcripts of 79 fragments were confirmed by microarray analysis and qRT-PCR. Further homology search revealed that they are highly homologous to 41 genes of other fungi, which were related to general metabolism, growth and division, defense, cellular transport, and signal transduction. These results provide an overview of differential expression profiles of A. alternata genes following COS treatment and some new clues about the mechanism of COS fungitoxicity./OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is a ... fumigant which has been a potential alternative to methyl bromide and phosphine in many applications. In this study, we investigated the fungitoxicity of COS towards the pathogen of pear black spot disease Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler (A. alternata). Moreover, proteomic analysis and RT-PCR was performed and our results showed that during the fumigation, the regulation of 21 proteins in protein expression and mRNA accumulation levels is involved, which respond to growth inhibition caused by COS. These results provide new clues for the mechanism of the fungitoxicity of COS./OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ The analogues carbon dioxide (CO(2)), carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS(2)) have been useful as substrate probes for enzyme activities. Here we explored the affinity of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase for its natural substrate CO(2), as well as COS and CS(2) (1) by in vitro kinetic metabolism studies using pure enzyme and (2) through mortality bioassay of insects exposed to toxic levels of each of the gases during carbonic anhydrase inhibition. Hydrolysis of COS to form hydrogen sulfide was catalyzed rapidly showing parameters K(m) 1.86 mM and K(cat) 41 s(-1) at 25 degrees Chowever, the specificity constant (K(cat)/K(m)) was 4000-fold lower than the reported value for carbonic anhydrase-catalyzed hydration of CO(2). Carbonic anhydrase-mediated CS(2) metabolism was a further 65,000-fold lower than COS. Both results demonstrate the deactivating effect toward the enzyme of sulfur substitution for oxygen in the molecule. We also investigated the role of carbonic anhydrases in CO(2), COS and CS(2) toxicity using a specific inhibitor, acetazolamide, administered to Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) larvae via the diet. CO(2) toxicity was greatly enhanced by up to seven-fold in acetazolamide-treated larvae indicating that carbonic anhydrases are a key protective enzyme in elevated CO(2) concentrations. Conversely, mortality was reduced by up to 12-fold in acetazolamide-treated larvae exposed to COS due to reduced formation of toxic hydrogen sulfide. CS(2) toxicity was unaffected by acetazolamide. These results show that carbonic anhydrase has a key role in toxicity of the substrates CO(2) and COS but not CS(2), despite minor differences in chemical formulae. |
| Ongoing Test Status | The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Status of Agents Search page, which tabulates the results and current status of tests such as "Short-Term Toxicity Studies", "Long-term Carcinogenicity Studies", "Developmental Studies", "Genetic Toxicology Studies", etc., performed with this chemical. Testing status for carbonyl sulfide is available.[Available from, as of March 27, 2018: https://ntpsearch.niehs.nih.gov/?e=True&ContentType=Testing+Status] |
| Effluent Concentrations | Annual Industrial emissions of carbonyl sulfide in the Netherlands, 1980, amounted to 46 ton/yr, all from stationary sources(1). The average concentration of carbonyl sulfide in the waste gas from two different shale oil retorting facilities were 394 ppm and 13 ppm(2). It was identified, not quantified, in one out of sixty-three effluent samples obtained from a wide range of chemical manufacturing plants in the USA(3). The tropospheric burden of carbonyl sulfide is estimated as 28 teragrams sulfur per year (Tg S/yr)(4). Estimated emissions of carbonyl sulfide from anthropogenic sources are 0.20 Tg/yr (range 0.4-0.15 (Tg/yr) from biomass burning and 0.06 Tg/yr (0.01-0.3 Tg/yr) from automobiles, chemical industries and sulfur recovery processes(5). Carbonyl sulfide concentration in biogas ranged from <1 to in Nov and Dec 2000 to 3, 9 and 2 g/cu cm in Feb, May 2001 and May 2002, respectively, from a biogas production plant in Linkoping, Sweden. Emissions prior to upgrade range from <1 to 1190 g/cu m(6). The compound as included in a sulfur compounds class was reported in gaseous emissions inside an unspecified mechanical biological treatment plant for municipal solid waste located in China. It was not detected in outdoor samples. The plant has a 1200 t/day capacity(7).Major Hot Spots facilities which emitted COS in California in 2012. California Hot Spots is a 1987 Act which requires stationary sources of pollutants to report the types and quantities of certain substances)(1).[Table#5703] |
| EPA IRIS Information | Carbonyl sulfide |
| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of carbonyl sulfide can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that carbonyl sulfide is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). |
| Natural Pollution Sources | Estimated emissions of carbonyl sulfide from natural sources total 2.7-3.5 teragrams sulfur per year (Tg S/yr). From oceanic emissions (0.4 Tg S/yr), salt marshes (0.12 Tg S/yr), inland swamps (1.85 Tg S/yr), soil and plants (0.2-1.0 Tg S/yr), burning of biomass (0.11 Tg S/yr) and volcanoes and fumaroles (0.01 Tg S/yr)(1). Total biogenic and anthropogenic output to the atmosphere can be estimated at 3 millions tons(1). Emissions of carbonyl sulfide have been associated with deciduous trees, coniferous trees, salt marshes and soils(2). The mean carbonyl sulfide emissions from a hardwood forest were 8.66 ug S/day and 19.86 ug S/day from a pine forestthe emission rate increased dramatically after the addition of fertilizer(3). The average emission of carbonyl sulfide from 5 different soil types was found to range from 0.0014 to 6.36 g S/cu m-yr(4).Emission rates of the reduced sulfur gases carbonyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, and carbon disulfide from 12 representative soils in Germany have been examined by means of a dynamic gas emission chamber. The compounds were sampled by cryogenic technique and measured by subsequent gas chromatography/flame photometric detector analysis. Besides soil type, soil temperature is a major factor controlling carbonyl sulfide source strength. The emission of carbonyl sulfide does not show any clear dependence upon soil moisture, its fraction is about 35 to 40% of the total emission at all sampling sites. Dimethyl sulfide and carbonyl sulfide were the predominant gases emitted from organic soils. Carbonyl sulfide maximum emission rates reached 50 ng sulfur/sq m/min. Measurements of the diurnal variations of emission rates show daily patterns of dimethyl sulfide and carbonyl sulfide emission rates which coincide with the soil temperature curve. Sulfur fluxes of carbonyl sulfide from soil treated with liquid manure were enhanced by a factor of 5 to 6 compared to unfertilized soil of the same type(1). |
| Atmospheric standards | Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Carbonyl sulfide is included on this list. |
| CERCLA reportable quantities | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b). |
| DHS Chemicals of Interest (COI) | Carbon oxysulfide1.0010,000Flammable chemical that can be released at a facility.Carbonyl sulfide56.67 |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US) |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 3 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| RTECS number | FG6400000 |
| UN transport number | UN 2204 |
| Toxicity | LD50 i.p. in rats: 22.5 mg/kgLC50 by inhalation (mg/m3): 2940 in mice (35 min)2650 in rats (4 h) (Bartholomaeus, Haritos) |
| Risk statements (R) | 11-20-36/37/38 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS pictogram | GHS02,GHS04,GHS06 |
| Hazard symbols | F,Xn |
| Safety statements (S) | 16-26-38 |
| Hazard class | 2.3Acute Tox. 2 InhalationEye Irrit. 2Flam. Gas 1BPress. Gas Liquefied gasSkin Irrit. 2STOT SE 3 |
| Storage class | 2A - Gases |
| Target organs | Respiratory system |
| GHS hazard statements | H221-H280-H315-H319-H330-H335 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P210-P302+P352-P304+P340+P310-P305+P351+P338-P403+P233-P410+P403 |
| Hazardous substances data | 463-58-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Applications & Uses
Description
Carbonyl oxysulfide is a colorless gas or coldliquid. Molecular weight=60.07. Boiling point=250℃.Flammable limits: LEL=12%; UEL=29%. HazardIdentification (based on NFPA-704 M Rating System):Health 3, Flammability 4, Reactivity 1.
Occurrence
Carbonyl sulfide, COS, is now recognized as a component of the atmosphere at a tropospheric concentration of approximately 500 parts per trillion by volume, corresponding to a global burden of about 2.4 million tons. It is, therefore, a significant sulfur species in the atmosphere. It is possible that the HO• radicalinitiated oxidation of COS and carbon disulfide (CS2) would yield 8-12 million tons as S in atmospheric sulfur dioxide per year. Though this is a small yield compared to pollution sources, the HO•-initiated process could account for much of the SO2 burden in the remote troposphere. Both COS and CS2 are oxidized in the atmosphere by reactions initiated by the hydroxyl radical. The initial reactions are HO• + COS ® CO2 + HS• (11.10.1) HO• + CS2 ® COS + HS• (11.10.2) These reactions with hydroxyl radical initiate oxidation processes that occur through a series of atmospheric chemical reactions. The sulfur-containing products that are initially formed as shown by Reactions 11.10.1 and 11.10.2 undergo further reactions to sulfur dioxide and, eventually, to sulfate species.
Uses
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is a colorless, odorless (when pure) relatively stable gas with a boiling point of -50°C. There are limited commercial uses of COS. It is produced only in small quantities and used for small-scale experimental purposes and as an intermediate in the synthesis of organic sulfur compounds, thiocarbamate herbicides, and alkyl carbonates. Pesticide manufacturers are believed to be the largest users of COS. Similar to CS2, research conducted by the Stored Grain Research Laboratory at the Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) has shown COS to be an effective soil and grain fumigant for controlling insects on crops such as wheat, barley, oats, and peas, although it is not currently approved for this commercial use. The use of COS as a fumigant for durable commodities and structures was patented worldwide in 1992 by CSIRO Australia. COS has the potential to replace methyl bromide, being phased out due to its ozone depletion properties, in several of its applications for durable commodities and also to be used as an alternative to phosphine when there is a significant problem with insect resistance.
Uses
carbonyl sulfide is use as a fumigant for durable commodities and structures was patented worldwide by Australia in 1992. It is effective on a wide range of pests, including the common stored product species at reasonable concentrations (less than 50 gm-3) and exposure times (1-5 days) . However, the egg stage of several insects showed tolerance to the fumigant. The other problems associated with the use of carbonyl sulfide include its high tainting odour on the treated products and reduction in the germination of seeds. Hydrogen sulphide, an impurity, present in fumigant product supply was reported to be responsible for the off-odour problem. Selective removal of hydrogen sulphide using absorbents like tertiary amine may solve the tainting issues with this fumigant.
Uses
Grain fumigant.
General Description
CARBONYL SULFIDE is a colorless, poisonous, flammable gas with a distinct sulfide odor. The gas is toxic and narcotic in low concentrations and presents a moderate fire hazard. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the container may rupture violently or rocket. CARBONYL SULFIDE is used in the synthesis of organic thio compounds.