Lithium nitrate appears as a white to light yellow colored crystalline solid. Denser than water. Contact with the material may cause irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. May cause the acceleration of the burning of combustible materials. Prolonged exposure to heat or flames may result in an explosion.
Colorless deliquescent solid; [Merck Index] White to light yellow deliquescent solid; [CAMEO] Colorless hygroscopic crystals; [Sigma-Aldrich MSDS]
Physicochemical properties
Melting point
264 °C · 264 °C (lit.)
Boiling point
600 °C · 600 °C
Density
2.38 · 2.38
bulk density
910 kg/m3 · 910kg/m3
vapor pressure
0 Pa · 0Pa at 25℃
RTECS
9330000 · QU9330000
Flash point
600 °C · 600°C
Safety & regulation
GHS classification
GHS Classification · 6 items
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.4% (1 of 253) of reports.
P210, P220, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P305+P351+P338, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
Aggregated GHS information provided per 253 reports by companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.；Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 253 reports by companies.；There are 13 notifications provided by 252 of 253 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).；Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.
Hazard information
Regulatory Information · 6 items
Chemical: Nitric acid, lithium salt, trihydrate
Chemical: Nitric acid, lithium salt
Nitric acid, lithium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Nitric acid, lithium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)
Status: Active Update: 18-11-2020 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13673
Lithium nitrate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard
Nitric acid, lithium salt: HSNO Approval: HSR001329 Approved with controls
Other Safety Information · 2 items
IMAP assessments - Nitric acid, lithium salt, trihydrate: Human health tier I assessment
Chemistry & industry
Pharmacology
Metabolism/Metabolites · 1 item
Intake of some amount of nitrates and nitrites is a normal part of the nitrogen cycle in humans. In vivo conversion of nitrates to nitrites can occur in the gastrointestional tract under the right conditions, significantly enhancing nitrates' toxic potency. The major metabolic pathway for nitrate is conversion to nitrite, and then to ammonia. Nitrites, nitrates, and their metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L1137)
Uses & manufacturing
UsesUsed as a laboratory reagent, heat exchange media, in rocket propellants, pyrotechnics, and ceramics; [NJ-HSFS]
U.S. Production2023: 125,610 lb；2022: 278,050 lb；2021: 655,430 lb；2020: 842,144 lb
Consumer UsesNot Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Industry UsesIntermediate
General Manufacturing Information · 2 items
Non-metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing)
Nitric acid, lithium salt (1:1): ACTIVE
Applications · 3 items
UsesLithium nitrate is used in ceramics, pyrotechnics, salt baths, heat-exchange media, refrigeration systems, rocket propellant and in solar batteries. It acts as an oxidizing agent used in the production of red-colored fireworks and flares, as a catalyst to accelerate the breakdown of nitrogen oxides and as a medium to store heat received from sun for cooking. It is applied to concrete-pavement to withstand weathering effects.
UsesLithium nitrate can be used in special pyrotechnic devices to give a red flame. It may also be used in combination with other salts, particularly nitrates, to produce low-melting fused salt mixtures.
Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L)
IMAP assessments - Nitric acid, lithium salt: Human health tier I assessment
DOT LabelOxidizer
Fire Hazards · 2 items
Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:；CAUTION: Ammonium nitrate products may explode if involved in fire or contaminated with hydrocarbons (fuels), organic matter, other contaminants or when hot molten and contained. Treat as an explosive (ERG Guide 112). These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. (ERG, 2024)
CAUTION: Ammonium nitrate products may explode if involved in fire or contaminated with hydrocarbons (fuels), organic matter, other contaminants or when hot molten and contained. Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).；· These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire.；· Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire.；· May explode from heat or contamination.；· Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels).；· May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).；· Containers may explode when heated.；· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
Health Hazards · 2 items
Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:；Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination. (ERG, 2024)
· Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.；· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.；· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.
Hazards Summary · 1 item
Causes normocytic anemia, changes in leukocyte counts, and hyperglycemia in 7-week intermittent oral studies of rats; [RTECS] A strong oxidizing agent that may accelerate the burning of combustible materials; May cause irritation; [CAMEO] An oxidizer that may intensify fire; May cause irritation; Targets the CNS, kidney, cardiovascular system, and thyroid; Possible carcinogen; [Sigma-Aldrich MSDS] See Lithium. See NITRATES and NITRITES.
DOT ID and Guide2722 140
Reactive GroupNitrate and Nitrite Compounds, Inorganic
Reactivity AlertsStrong Oxidizing Agent
Reactivity Profile · 1 item
LITHIUM NITRATE is an oxidizing agent. Mixtures with alkyl esters may explode owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates; mixtures with phosphorus, tin(II) chloride, or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick 1979. p. 108-109].
DOT Hazard Classification · 5 items
Lithium nitrate
UN2722
Div 5.1 Oxidizer (49 eCFR § 173.127)
PG III: the degree of danger presented by the material is minor；For more information about the packing group assignment, please visit 49 eCFR § 173
Air and Water ReactionsDeliquescent. Soluble in water.
Safety & protection
Fire Fighting · 1 item
Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:；SMALL FIRE: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.；LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.；FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (ERG Guide 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided. Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)
Accidental Release Measures · 2 items
· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.；· Keep unauthorized personnel away.；· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.；· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.
· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.；· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.；· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.；· Do not get water inside containers.；Small Dry Spill；· With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.；Small Liquid Spill；· Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.；Large Spill；· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
First Aid · 2 items
Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:；Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry. (ERG, 2024)
General First Aid:；· Call 911 or emergency medical service.；· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.；· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.；· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.；· If victim is not breathing:；-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.；-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).；-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.；· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.；· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.；· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.；· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.；· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.；· Keep victim calm and warm.；· Keep victim under observation.；· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.；· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.；Specific First Aid:；· Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.
Exposure Control and Personal Protection · 1 item
· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).；· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.；· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.
Nonfire Spill Response · 1 item
Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:；Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside containers.；SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.；SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.；LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)
Isolation and Evacuation · 2 items
Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:；IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.；LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).；FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)
Immediate precautionary measure；· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.；Large Spill；· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).；Fire；· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.；· If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.
Protective Action Criteria (PAC) · 3 items
2.0 [mg/m3]
17 [mg/m3]
100 [mg/m3]
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) · 1 item
Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:；Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)
Emergency Response Planning Guidelines · 1 item
Small Fire；· Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.；Large Fire；· Flood fire area with water from a distance.；· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.；· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.；Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks；· For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided.；· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.；· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.；· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.；· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.
Toxicology
Treatment · 1 item
Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (L1613)
Health EffectsNitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (L1137)
Exposure RoutesOral (L1137) ; inhalation (L1137)
Toxicity Summary · 1 item
Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613)
Signs and Symptoms · 1 item
Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137)
Carcinogen ClassificationIngested nitrate or nitrite under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). (L135)
Regulatory information
Regulatory Information · 6 items
Chemical: Nitric acid, lithium salt, trihydrate
Chemical: Nitric acid, lithium salt
Nitric acid, lithium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Nitric acid, lithium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)
Status: Active Update: 18-11-2020 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13673
Lithium nitrate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard
Nitric acid, lithium salt: HSNO Approval: HSR001329 Approved with controls
Safety data
PPE
Eyeshields, Gloves, type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges
wgk
1
tsca
TSCA listed
ridadr
UN 2722
hs_code
28342990
risk_code
8-36/38-2017/8/22
Signal word
Warning
Symbol(GHS)
GHS03,GHS07
hazard_code
O,Xi
safety_code
22-24/25-17-26
hazard_class
5.1
Storage Class
5.1B - Oxidizing hazardous materials
packing_group
III
Hazard statements
H272-H302-H319
Limited Quantities
5.0 kg (11 lbs) (solid)
Excepted Quantities
Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L)
General DescriptionA white to light yellow colored crystalline solid. Denser than water. Contact with the material may cause irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. May cause the acceleration of the burning of combustible materials. Prolonged exposure to heat or flames may result in an explosion.
Preparation methods · 2 items
PreparationLithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate is added to the reactor containing distilled water, and nitric acid is slowly added under stirring and heating to carry out the reaction. Then we evaporate it to dryness and heat it under vacuum at about 200 ° C, finally we get lithium nitrate. HNO3+LiOH→LiNO3+H2O
PreparationLithium nitrate is readily prepared industrially or in the laboratory by the reaction of lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate with nitric acid. The resulting solution is evaporated and the solid is dried to obtain anhydrous lithium nitrate. Lithium nitrate is very soluble in water. The compound absorbs moisture from the air. Below about 30 °C it crystallizes from solution as lithium nitrate trihydrate; above that temperature the anhydrous material precipitates although the question of the existence of a half-hydrate is not entirely settled.
DefinitionChEBI: Lithium nitrate is the inorganic nitrate salt of lithium. It has a role as an oxidising agent. It is an inorganic nitrate salt and a lithium salt.
