Diphosgene

1.6525 @ 14 °C

1.6 g/cm³

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.08

INSOL IN WATER; SOL IN ETHANOL, VERY SOL IN ETHER

SOL IN BENZENE, ALCOHOL, AND ETHER

Solubility in water: reaction

128 °C @ 760 MM HG

Suffocating liquid; Boiling point = 49 °C at 50 mm Hg; Stable at room temp, decomposes to phosgene at approximately 300 °C

at 101.3 kPa: 128 °C

-57 °C

-57 °C

10 MM HG @ 20 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 1.3

Danger

H300 (87%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P320, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 46 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Chemical: Carbonochloridic acid, trichloromethyl ester

Trichloromethyl chloroformate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for DIPHOSGENE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Burning sensation. Chest tightness. Sore throat. Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness.

Watering of the eyes. Redness.

Sore throat.

EYE IRRITATION, IRRITATION OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT, & SURFACE BURNS HAVE BEEN PRINCIPAL FINDINGS IN EXPOSED HUMANS. PULMONARY EDEMA WOULD UNDOUBTEDLY OCCUR WITH HIGHER LEVELS OF EXPOSURE. EYE IRRITATION MAY PERSIST SOME TIME AFTER EXPOSURE CEASES. SKIN SENSITIZATION MAY OCCUR. /CHLOROFORMATES/

INSIDIOUS POISON AS IT IS NOT IRRITATING IMMEDIATELY, EVEN WHEN FATAL CONCN ARE INHALED. MAY CAUSE SEVERE PULMONARY EDEMA (MAY BE QUICKLY FATAL) OR PNEUMONIA. INHALATION OF HIGH CONCN CAUSES CHOKING, CONSTRICTED FEELING IN CHEST, COUGHING, PAINFUL BREATHING, BLOODY SPUTUM. VAPORS STRONGLY IRRITATING TO THE EYES. /PHOSGENE/

HIGHLY TOXIC BY INHALATION & INGESTION. STRONG IRRITANT TO TISSUE.

NO EVIDENCE EXISTS FOR A SYSTEMIC ACTION OF INHALED PHOSGENE, BUT VASOCONSTRICTION OF PULMONARY VASCULATURE HAS BEEN DESCRIBED IN RABBITS. SEQUELAE INCLUDE PULMONARY SCARRING, LOBULAR EMPHYSEMA, SMALL IRREGULAR AREAS OF ATELECTASIS & BRONCHITIS. /PHOSGENE/

SOME POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF REDUCED ACTIVITY OF LUNG SURFACTANT IN ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA WERE STUDIED IN ALBINO RATS & RABBITS. MOST OF THE EDEMOGENIC SUBSTANCES DID NOT CHANGE SURFACTANT ACTIVITY WHILE DIPHOSGENE REDUCED IT.

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes of pulmonary hemodynamics, cardiac impedance parameters and the number of pulmonary microembolus, and leukocyte after diphosgene inhalation in rabbits. Fifty-three rabbits were randomized into two sets, one set was used to monitor the pulmonary hemodynamics, the other set was used to determine the cardiac impedance parameters, microemboli and leukocytes were obtained directly from the pulmonary microcirculation by use of the retrograde perfusion method. As compared with control group, lt was found that pulmonary artery pressure rose and pulmonary vascular resistance increased (p < 0.05), but did not correlate with lung water parameters (p > 0.05). At 1, 6 hr after diphosgene inhalation cardiac Impedance parameters did not change (p > 0.05~, as compared with before inhalation. Microemboli (21.8 increased (p< 0.05), as compared with the control group (106/L, 430e pulmonary hemodynamics, but could not effectively reduce the degree of pulmonary edema.

Used as a chemical intermediate and miltary weapon; [CAMEO]

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS; MILITARY POISON GAS

Used in synthesis of isocyanides

Prepared by photochlorination of methyl formate: W Hentschel, J Prakt Chem 36: 209 (1887); F Grignard et al, CR Acad Sci 169: 1074 (1919); eidem, ibid 1143; by photochlorination of methyl chloroformate: A Kling et al, ibid 1046; K Kurita, Y Iwakura, Org Syn 59: 195 (1980).

GRADE: TECHNICAL.

99% purity

Typical specifications of commercial chloroformates: purity, 98%; phosgene, <0.1%, iron, <10 ppm; acidity as HCl, <0.1%; alcohol or phenol, <2% /Chloroformic esters/

Commercial products have concentrations of 97-99 wt% /Chloroformic esters/

Carbonochloridic acid, trichloromethyl ester: ACTIVE

Most chloroformate production is used captively and production figures are not available /Chloroformic esters/

On a laboratory scale, trichloromethyl chloroformate (diphosgene) ... can be used as substitute for phosgene to synthesize isocyanates from amines