1,2-Dichloroethylene

log Kow = 1.86

2

Ethereal, slightly acrid

Pleasant

Sweet, slightly irritating chloroform-like odor

... Slightly acrid, chloroform-like odor

1.27 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

Approximately 1.28

Relative density (water = 1): 1.28

1.27

~1.28 No temp

(77 °F): 1.27

Colorless liquid (usually a mixture of the cis- and trans-isomers) ...

Mobile liquid

less than 1 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 3.50X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C

Insoluble in water

Soluble in alcohol, ether, and most other organic solvents

Soluble in most organic solvents

Solubility in water: poor

39 °F (NTP, 1992)

2 °C

6 °C (43 °F) - closed cup

36 °F (2 °C) - closed cup

2 °C c.c.

36-39 °F

118 to 140 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

55 °C

55 °C

118-140 °F

55 °C @760 [mm Hg]

118-140 °F

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions - Carbon oxides, hydrogen chloride gas.

... Gradually decomposed by light, air, and moisture, forming /hydrogen chloride/.

Gradual decomposition results in hydrochloric acid formation in the presence of ultraviolet light or upon contact with hot metal or other hot surfaces.

When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of /chloride/.

Danger

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Ethene, 1,2-dichloro-

Ethene, 1,2-dichloro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Ethene, 1,2-dichloro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

1,2-Dichloroethylene: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Phosgene and hydrogen chloride fumes may form in fires.

· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.

Highly flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive.

Flammable liquid.

Highly flammable ... .

Inhalation causes nausea, vomiting, weakness, tremor, epigastric cramps, central nervous depression. Contact with liquid causes irritation of eyes and (on prolonged contact) skin. Ingestion causes slight depression to deep narcosis. (USCG, 1999)

· May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin.

1, 2-Dichloroethene, also called 1, 2-dichloroethylene, is a highly flammable, colorless liquid with a sharp, harsh odor. It is used to produce solvents and in chemical mixtures. You can smell very small amounts of 1, 2-dichloroethene in air (about 17 parts of 1, 2-dichloroethene per million parts of air [17 ppm]). There are two forms of 1, 2-dichloroethene; one is called cis-1, 2-dichloroethene and the other is called trans-1,2-di-chloroethene. Sometimes both forms are present as a mixture.

Liver injury observed in acute animal toxicology studies; [ACGIH] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; Inhalation of high concentrations may cause CNS effects; [ICSC]1,2-Dichloroethylene (UN1150) has warning of explosive polymerization; [ERG 2016] See trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene and cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene.

1150 130P

1150 130P

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Dichloroethylenes (1980) EPA 440/5-80-041

Ahrenholz SH; NIOSH, US Dept Health No. HETA-83-375-1521 (1984). Area and breathing zone samples were analyzed for carbon disulfide, carbon monoxide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethylene, ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, methyl-bromide, and grain dust at the US Dept of Agriculture Federal Grain Inspection Service field office, Portland, Oregon in November, 1983 and April, 1984.

U.S. Dept Health & Human Services/Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry; Toxicological Profile for 1,2-Dichloroethene (CAS#: 540-59-0 (mixture); 156-59-2 (cis); 156-60-5 (trans)) (August 1996)[Available from, as of May 1, 2018: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/index.asp]

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Water may be ineffective.

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

200.0 [ppm]

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Use dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, or water spray. Use flooding quantities of water to blanket the fire. Water may be ineffective. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Air, light, and moisture sensitive.

Store in a flammable liquid storage area or approved cabinet away from ignition sources and corrosive and reactive materials. Prior to working with 1,2-DCE you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. Before entering a confined space where this chemical may be present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist. 1,2-Dichloroethylene must be stored to avoid contact with strong oxidizers (such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine) since violent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where 1,2-dichloroethylene is used, handled, or stored. Metal containers involving the transfer of 5 gallons or more of 1,2-dichloroethylene should be grounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only nonsparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of 1,2-dichloroethylene. Wherever 1,2-dichloroethylene is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from air, light, heat, strong oxidizing materials.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

Spill or leak procedures: Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use appropriate foam to blanket release and suppress vapors. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal.

Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive limit. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep this chemical out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion ... . It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. ...

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U079, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. Also, a potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. Also a potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. /Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 1,2-Dichloroethylene (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. In case of seizures, administer a benzodiazepine IV. Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes in case of eye exposure. Following dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines. (T36)

Inhalation studies were conducted to determine the potential subchronic toxicity of a mixture of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (70%), cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (5%), and perfluorobutylethylene (25%). Groups of rats were exposed to 0, 400, 2000, or 8000 ppm concentrations of the mixture vapor 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk, for a total of 20 exposures. Subgroups of rats were further observed during a 1-month recovery period. Functional observational battery (FOB) and motor activity (MA) behavioral tests were conducted prior to initiation of the exposures, during exposure wk 4, and after a 1-month post-exposure recovery period. Clinical pathology evaluations were conducted at the end of the exposure period and after a 1-month recovery period. At the end of the 4-wk exposure period, tissues from rats were collected, histologically processed, and evaluated by light microscopy. Test substance-related, biologically significant decreased body weights and body weight gains occurred in male and female rats exposed to 8000 ppm. In addition, test substance-related, statistically significant decreases in food consumption and/or food efficiency were observed in male rats exposed to 8000 ppm. During exposures to 8000 ppm, some rats exhibited tremors and ataxia. Usually tremors and ataxia were observed within 1 hr after initiation of the daily exposure period and were observed during each exposure day. Tremors were also observed during 1 exposure day in the 2000 ppm animals. In addition to the tremors and ataxia, rats exposed to 2000 ppm or 8000 ppm had a diminished and/or no alerting response to a sharp, sound stimulus during each of the daily exposure periods. These effects were transient since no clinical observations of compromised neurological function were detected when the rats were evaluated upon return to the animal room following exposure. Daily reoccurrence of this apparently acute effect in the 8000 ppm group did not produce enduring neurological changes since there were no test substance-related effects on FOB parameters or on MA conducted the day following the last exposure or during the recovery period. In addition, there were no toxicologically significant changes in hematology, clinical chemistry, or urinalysis parameters in either males or females for any exposure concentration; and there were no test substance-related gross or microscopic morphological changes in males or females administered any exposure concentration. Under the conditions of the study, the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) was 400 ppm in males and females based on clinical signs of toxicity during exposure to 2000 or 8000 ppm. /Mixture of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (70%), cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (5%), and perfluorobutylethylene (25%)/

Dermal (Skin), Immunological (Immune System), Ocular (Eyes)

Eyes, respiratory system, central nervous system

Breathing trans-1,2-DCE can cause sever liver and kidney damages, pulmonary capillary hyperemia, as well as alveolar septal distention; depression of the central nervous sustem can occur; moderate iritis and conjunctivitis can follow eye exposure; dermatitis and irritation of mucous membranes can follow dermal exposure. Symptoms associated with lethal oral doses included decreased activity, ataxia, suppressed or total loss of righting reflex, and depressed respiration. (L585)

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) Young of Year, weight 0.32-1.2 g; Conditions: freshwater, static, 21-23 °C, pH 6.5-7.9, hardness 32-48 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 28-34 mg/L CaCO3, conductivity 93-190 umhos/cm, dissolved oxygen 0.3-9.7 mg/L; Concentration: 165000 uM for 24 hr /> or = 80% purity/

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) Young of Year, weight 0.32-1.2 g; Conditions: freshwater, static, 21-23 °C, pH 6.5-7.9, hardness 32-48 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 28-34 mg/L CaCO3, conductivity 93-190 umhos/cm, dissolved oxygen 0.3-9.7 mg/L; Concentration: 140000 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 120000-160000 ug/L) /> or = 80% purity/

LC50; Species: Eisenia fetida (Earthworm) adult, weight 300-500 mg; dermal 286 ug/sq cm for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 264-308 ug/sq cm) /> or =98% purity/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,2-dichloroethylene is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2-dichloroethylene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 4.08X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(3). 1,2-Dichloroethylene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 201 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). cis- and trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene, present at 2.62 and 2.32 mg/L, respectively, reached 0% of its Theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum in the Japanese MITI test(5), suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,2-dichloroethylene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.08X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). 1,2-Dichloroethylene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 8(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.86(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. 1,2-Dichloroethylene has a first-order biodegradation half-life of 31 and 478 days in stream bed sediment under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively(7), suggesting that biodegradation may proceed under certain environmental conditions(SRC). No biodegradation of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene occurred in a river die-away test(8). Biodegradation of 1,2-dichloroethylene was 50% and 73% of the cis- and trans- isomer, respectively, studied in microcosms prepared from uncontaminated organic sediment from the Everglades incubated anaerobically for 6 months(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2-dichloroethylene, which has a vapor pressure of 201 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2-dichloroethylene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 days(SRC), calculated from its isomer average rate constant of 2.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Vapor-phase 1,2-dichloroethylene is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 480 days(SRC), calculated from its isomer average rate constant of 2.7X10-20 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(4). 1,2-Dichloroethylene does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Inhalation (L585) ; oral (L585) ; dermal (L585) ; eye contact (L585)

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1,2-Dichloroethylene (DCE) is a colorless mobile liquid. It is used as a refrigerant, in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and artificial pearls, and in the extraction of oils and fats from fish and meat. It is also a solvent for fats, phenol, camphor, and an intermediate in synthesis of chlorinated solvents and compounds. HUMAN STUDIES: Clinical effects caused by acute exposure to DCE include central nervous system and respiratory depression, eye and upper respiratory irritation, nausea, vomiting, weakness, tremors, and epigastric cramps, all of which may resolve rapidly after the exposure ceases. The investigation of workers exposed to DCE indicated that prematurities among exposed female workers and wives of exposed male workers were higher than that of control groups. The DNA breakage capacity and the cytotoxicity of DCE was assessed in the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis test (comet assay) with and without metabolic activation in isolated human lymphocytes. DCE induced DNA breakage, in the presence or absence of the metabolic activation system. ANIMAL STUDIES: Some but not all dogs experienced CNS depression by inhaling the DCE vapor and have developed delicate superficial corneal turbidity. A subchronic inhalation study was conducted in which rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, and beagle dogs were exposed to 0, 500, or 1,000 ppm (0, 1,980, or 3,960 mg/cu m) DCE mixture (58% cis-, 42% trans- isomer), 7 hours/day for 6 months. No significant toxicity was found. Behavioral changes have been observed in mice exposed for 4 hr to DCE. The reported changes consisted of a dose-related decrease in the duration of immobility in the "behavioral despair" swimming test. A 45% decrease in the total duration of immobility occurred at a concentration of 1,720 ppm. Gonadotoxicity and embryotoxicity were found in rodents exposed to concentration of DCE at 24.8 mg/cu m. DCE could reach the fetus through the placenta. Cis,trans-DCE was found to be negative when tested for mutagenicity using the Salmonella/microsome preincubation assay in as many as 5 Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA97, TA98, and TA100) in the presence and absence of metabolic activation.

Trans-1,2-dichloroethene is a volatile, lipophilic molecule that easily moves through the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. It has a high affinity for lipids and blood, but little accumulation in tissues. 1,2-Dichloroethene isomers inhibit liver enzymes involved in metabolism and may increase the “toxic” response to other chemicals. Reactive metabolites of trans-1,2-dichloroethene modify the heme moiety of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450, resulting in a loss of both cytochrome P-450 and heme. Trans-1,2-dichloroethene can also mixed-function oxidase activities. Metabolism of trans-1,2-dichloroethene can lead to dose-related decrease in the levels of serum glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). (L585)

Cough. Sore throat. Dizziness. Nausea. Drowsiness. Weakness. Unconsciousness. Vomiting.

Dry skin.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, respiratory system; central nervous system depression

Symptoms of trans-1,2-DCE exposure include nausea, dowiness, and tiredness. Mild or moderate erythema may follow dermal exposure, and skin or eye irritation can follow dermal/eye contact. (L585)

EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of August 9, 2018: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Status of Agents Search page, which tabulates the results and current status of tests such as "Short-Term Toxicity Studies", "Long-term Carcinogenicity Studies", "Developmental Studies", "Genetic Toxicology Studies", etc., performed with this chemical. Testing status for 1,2-dichloroethylene is available.[Available from, as of August 8, 2018: https://ntpsearch.niehs.nih.gov/?e=True&ContentType=Testing+Status]

U079; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). /Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene/

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date: 3/11/94; Reporting date: 5/10/94.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1,2-Dichloroethylene is included on this list. Effective date: 3/11/94; Sunset date: 6/30/98.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b). /trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene/

Numerous xenobiotics are known to be bioactivated and to covalently bind to proteins, but the resulting amino acid adducts are unknown. In this study, the amino acid adducts of 12 (14)C-labeled aliphatic halides were examined after formation in an in vitro rat hepatic microsomal system. After exhaustive solvent extraction of the polypeptide microsomal protein, the amino acid adducts were isolated by Pronase digestion, followed by filtration through a 500 mol-wt exclusion membrane. 1,2-Dichloroethylene had a single major amino acid adduct. ...

1,2-Dichloroethene is metabolized in the liver, by hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450, to form dichloroethanol and dichloroacetic acid.

Incubation of rat liver microsomes with 1,2-dichloroethylene caused a fall in microsomal cytochrome p450 content (as determined by measuring the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide at 340 nm), without affecting other microsomal enzymes. The decrease in cytochrome p450 occurred only in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, suggesting that the dichloroethylene must be metabolized to exert its destructive action. The loss of cytochrome p450 was probably due to destruction of heme, since the fall in cytochrome p450 was always accompanied by a parallel decrease in microsomal heme content.

Metabolism of 1,2-DCE is initially catalyzed by hepatic CYP450 ... . Studies suggest that the metabolism of 1,2-DCE involves epoxidation of the ethylene double-bond, forming dichlorinated epoxides, which can undergo a nonenzymatic rearrangement and produce several metabolites. Following rearrangement of the intermediate epoxide, reduction of the resulting dichloroacetaldehyde to dichloroethanol may be catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Studies ... provide evidence that dichloroacetaldehyde is the predominant metabolite of CYP450, which is extensively converted to dichloroethanol and dichloroacetate by dehydrogenases present in hepatocytes. Oxidative dechlorination of the minor metabolite, dichloroacetic acid (DCA), to glyoxylate is catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase zeta (GSTZ).

Metabolism of trans-1,2-dichloroethene is initially catalyzed by hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450. This metabolism is believed to involve epoxidation of the ethylene double bond, forming dichlorinated epoxides. Dichlorinated epoxides, in turn, can undergo a non-enzymatic rearrangement. Studies on the metabolism of 1,2-dichloroethene by hepatic microsomes and hepatocytes provide evidence to suggest that dichloroacetaldehyde is the predominant metabolite of microsomal cytochrome P-450 and that it, in turn, is extensively converted to dichloroethanol and dichloroacetate by cytosolic and/or mitochondrial aldehyde and alcohol dehydrogenases present in hepatocytes. (L585)

1,2-Dichloroethene appears to be absorbed quickly by the lungs. One study reported that approximately 75% of the inhaled chemical was absorbed through the lungs in humans.

1,2-DCE is largely excreted through the lungs.

Used as a solvent and chemical intermediate; [ACGIH] Used as a refrigerant, degreaser, dry cleaning agent, and solvent for perfumes, adhesives, lacquers, oils, and resins; [HSDB] Only the trans isomer is commercially available in the US--used for precision cleaning of electronic components and a small amount used as a blowing agent for specialty foams; [EPA Toxicological Review, 2010]

Metal Degreasing [Category: Clean]

1,2-Dichloroethylenes can be used as solvent for waxes, resins, lacquers, and thermoplastics; for the extraction of oil and fats from fish and meat; for vapor degreasing, as surface cleaning agent; for the extraction of rubber, as foam blowing additive; as refrigerant; in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, and as source of HCl in silicone etching. /1,2-Dichloroethylenes/

... /Used/ as a refrigerant, in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and artificial pearls, and in the extraction of oils and fats from fish and meat.

Solvent for fats, phenol, camphor, etc. Intermediate in synthesis of chlorinated solvents and compounds.

1,2-DCE is used as a direct solvent for perfumes, dyes, gums and waxes, oils, lacquers, thermoplastics, phenols, and camphor; as a chemical intermediate for chlorinated compounds; as an agent in retarding fermentation. 1,2-DCE is used as a low-temperature solvent for heat-sensitive substances in the extraction of caffeine, fats, and natural rubber. It is also used in organic synthesis for polymers and telomers, in addition to miscellaneous application as a dry cleaning solvent, cleaning solution for printed circuit boards, food packaging adhesives, and germicidal fumigants.

2023: <50,000 lb

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule.[Table#494]

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Ethene, 1,2-dichloro-. Aggregated National Production Volume: 10 to < 50 million pounds.

Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: Ethene, 1,2-dichloro-. National Production Volume: Withheld.

Non-confidential 2016 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: 1,2-Dichloroethylene.

In the thermal dehydrochlorination of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, the 1,2-dichloroethylenes are obtained together with the 1,1-isomer. With increasing temperature, formation of the 1,2-isomers increases. The trans isomer is preferentially formed. With catalysts, the individual ratios can be varied to some extent. /1,2-Dichloroethylenes/

Preparation: Bordner, United States of America patent 2504919 (1950 to Du Pont).

1,2-Dichloroethylene can be produced by direct chlorination of acetylene at 40 °C.

Reduction of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane with steam over an iron catalyst

Grades: Technical, as cis, trans, and mixture of both.

97% pure

Ethene, 1,2-dichloro-: ACTIVE

1,2-Dichloroethylene exists as symmetrical, cis- 60%, and trans- 40%.

Trans-isomer is more widely used in industry than either the cis-isomer or the commercial mixture.

Because of the relatively low demand for 1,2-dichloroethylenes they are not deliberately produced in large quantities. They occur as byproducts in some processes, such as the production of vinyl chloride, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene and can be withdrawn and purified if required. /1,2-Dichloroethylenes/