1-Chloropentane

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

INHALATION: remove to fresh air; apply artificial respiration if required.

General First Aid:

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

To fight fire, use foam, /carbon dioxide/, dry chemical.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Use explosion-proof equipment. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for n-Amyl chloride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

Protective goggles or face shield; rubber gloves. (USCG, 1999)

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 240(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.73(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that n-amyl chloride is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-amyl chloride from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.38X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(4). n-Amyl chloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 32.9 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Using sewage sludge from domestic sewage treatment plants, a 2.8% Theoretical BOD was reported in 24 hours(6), suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 240(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.73(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that n-amyl chloride is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.38X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 30(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate(SRC). Using sludge from domestic sewage treatment plants, a 2.8% Theoretical BOD was reported in 24 hours(7), suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-amyl chloride, which has a vapor pressure of 32.9 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-amyl chloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.36X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). n-Amyl chloride does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1-Chloropentane is a liquid which is used as a chemical intermediate. HUMAN STUDIES: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: Significant dose related decreases in serum triglyceride levels at 2 hours was observed following the administration of 1-chloropentane in male mice and rats. This effect was also observed in vitro in freshly prepared isolated hepatocytes. 1-Chloropentane induced positive genotoxic effects in wing spot number frequency test in Drosophila melanogaster even though it showed only moderate toxicity.

The Koc of n-amyl chloride is estimated as 240(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.73(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-amyl chloride is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC).

AEROBIC: Aerobic cultures containing n-amyl chloride inoculated with sewage from three different treatment plants, reached 1.5, 1.8, and 2.8% of the theoretical oxygen demand in 6, 12, and 24 hours, respectively(1).

PURE CULTURE: Corynebacterium sp., Acinetobacter sp., Arthrobacter sp.(1), and Alcaligenes faecalis(2) have been shown to degrade n-amyl chloride.

An estimated BCF of 30 was calculated in fish for n-amyl chloride(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.73(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for n-amyl chloride is 2.38X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that n-amyl chloride is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). n-Amyl chloride's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). n-Amyl chloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 32.9 mm Hg(3).

/GENOTOXICITY/ Halogenated aliphatic compounds were evaluated for toxic and genotoxic effects in the somatic mutation and recombination test employing Drosophila melanogaster. ... Toxicity was evaluated as the number of hatched adulthood in the presence of tested chemicals and the lethal concentration of 50% (LC50) was then calculated. ... 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2- dichloropropane, 1,2- dichlorobutane and 1-chloropentane induced positive effects in wing spot number frequency even though these chemicals showed only moderate toxicity in our test.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ The role of the chlorinated alkane solvent effect on the inhibition of hepatic triglyceride secretion was investigated using male Swiss Webster mice and male Sprague Dawley rats. Triglycerides were measured in serum of treated animals or in supernatants of isolated hepatocytes exposed to solvents and tritiated glycerol. Two hours following carbon tetrachloride injection, triglyceride levels were reduced significantly to 42 percent of control values and to 15 percent by 8 hours. Methylene chloride caused a more rapid decline in serum triglyceride concentration. Significant dose related decreases in serum triglyceride levels at 2 hours followed the administration of 1-chloropropane, 1-chlorobutane, 1-chloropentane, 1-chlorohexane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,3-dichloropropane, 1,4-dichlorobutane, and 1,5-dichloropentane. The shorter chain, less lipid soluble solvents were the more potent at decreasing triglyceride secretion in vivo. In freshly prepared isolated hepatocyte systems, the relationship between 50 percent inhibitory concentration and lipid solubility was opposite to that observed in-vivo. The more lipid soluble solvents were the more potent at decreasing secretion in-vitro. The authors suggest from this finding that nonspecific solvent effects on membrane integrity may be important in the inhibition of triglyceride secretion. The chlorinated alkane induced development of fatty liver through inhibition of triglyceride secretion may be related to lipid solubility of the chemical rather than to its metabolism to free radicals.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Amyl chloride is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart.