Zinc cyanide (Zn(CN)2)
Basic information
- CAS
557-21-1- Standard SMILES
[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[Zn+2]- InChIKey
GTLDTDOJJJZVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N- Molecular formula
- C2N2Zn
- Average molar mass
- 117.4 g/mol
- Monoisotopic mass
- 115.93529
Overview
Zinc cyanide is a chemical compound of zinc and cyanide. It is used in organic synthesis. Zinc is a metallic element with the atomic number 30. It is found in nature most often as the mineral sphalerite. Though excess zinc in harmful, in smaller amounts it is an essential element for life, as it is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes and is found in just as many transcription factors. (L48, L49, L65)
Names & identifiers
- Preferred name
- Zinc cyanide (Zn(CN)2)
- IUPAC
- zinc dicyanide
- English name
- ZINC CYANIDE
- Molecular formula
- C2N2Zn
- Molecular weight
- 117.43
Names & synonyms
zinc;dicyanideZinc cyanide (Zn(CN)2)dicyanozincZinc cyanide Zn(CN)2Cyanure de zinc [French]RCRA waste no. P121RCRA waste number P121dicyano zincCyanure de zincHSDB 1051EINECS 209-162-9UN1713
Show more names
Zn（Cn）2ZinkcyanidZINC CYANIDEcyanuredezinczincdicyanideZinc cyanide, purercrawastenumberp121zinccyanide(zn(cn)2)
Zinc cyanide, 98%BRN 4124366AI3-28752SCHEMBL360531UNII-04392RL5SRVJHHEOJUJAQMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-NZinc cyanide [UN1713] [Poison]BP-21167
Database identifiers
- CAS
557-21-1- PubChem CID
- 11186
- Nikkaji
- J44.262C
Properties
Computed structural properties
- Topological polar surface area
- 47.6 Ų
- Hydrogen bond donors
- 0
- Hydrogen bond acceptors
- 4
- Rotatable bonds
- 0
- Heavy atoms
- 5
- Formal charge
- 0
- Complexity
- 31.6
Physicochemical properties
- Melting point
- 800 °C · 800 °C
- Density
- 1 · 1,85 g/cm3
- vapor pressure
- 0 Pa · 0Pa at 25℃
- solubility
- Aqueous Base (Sparingly)
- form
- Powder
- color
- White to off-white
- Water Solubility
- Soluble in alkalies, potassium cyanide and ammonia. Insoluble in water and most solvents.
- Sensitive
- Hygroscopic
- Merck
- 14 · 14,10135
- BRN
- 4124366 · 4124366
- Exposure limits
- 25 mg/m3 · NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3
- Stability
- Moisture Sensitive
- InChI
- 1S/2CN.Zn/c2*1-2;
- InChIKey
- VJHHEOJUJAQMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- SMILES
- N#C[Zn]C#N
- LogP
- -2.31 at · -2.31 at 25℃
- CAS DataBase Reference
- 557 · 557-21-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
Safety & regulation
Safety information is for reference only and does not replace the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS), applicable regulations, or professional assessment.
Hazard information
CSL Reaction Information
CSL00046
N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE + 2-CHLORO-5-FLUOROPYRIMIDINE + ZINC CYANIDE
Violent thermal exotherm at >100oC
Harmful,Toxic
Heteroaryl chloride
Cyanation
Safety & protection
Minimum Risk LevelIntermediate Oral: 0.3 mg/kg/day (L134)
Chronic Oral: 0.3 mg/kg/day (L134)
Toxicology
Treatment
Zinc poisoning is treated symptomatically, often by administering fluids such as water or milk, or with gastric lavage. Antidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite, which release the cyanide from the cytochrome system, and rhodanase, which is an enzyme occurring naturally in mammals that combines serum cyanide with thiosulfate, producing comparatively harmless thiocyanate. Oxygen therapy can also be administered. (L49, L97)
Health Effects
Chronic exposure to zinc causes anemia, atazia, lethargy, and decreases the level of good cholesterol in the body. It is also believed to cause pancreatic and reproductive damage. Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L49, L96, L97)
Exposure RoutesInhalation (L96) ; oral (L96) ; dermal (L96)
Toxicity Summary
Chemistry & industry
Pharmacology
Metabolism/Metabolites
Zinc can enter the body through the lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal absorption of zinc is controlled by zinc carrier protein CRIP. Zinc also binds to metallothioneins, which help prevent absorption of excess zinc. Zinc is widely distributed and found in all tissues and tissues fluids, concentrating in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, skin, lung, brain, heart, and pancreas. In the bloodstream zinc is found bound to carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes, as well as bound to albumin, _2-macroglobulin, and amino acids in the the plasma. Albumin and amino acid bound zinc can diffuse across tissue membranes. Zinc is excreted in the urine and faeces. Organic nitriles are converted into cyanide ions through the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. Cyanide is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L49, L96)
Uses & manufacturing
UsesZinc cyanide is used in organic synthesis. (L65)
Applications
UsesZinc cyanide is used in electroplating; as an insecticide; and for separating ammonia from producer gas.
UsesZinc cyanide is used in electroplating and as a reagent.
General DescriptionA white powder. insoluble in water (about 5mg/L at 20°C); soluble in alkalies, potassium cyanide and ammonia solutions; insoluble in alcohol. Toxic by inhalation (dust and the hydrogen cyanide from slight decomposition) and by ingestion. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen in fires. Used in medicine, in metal plating, and in chemical analysis.
Preparation methods
PreparationZinc cyanide is precipitated by mixing solutions of potassium cyanide and a soluble zinc salt, such as zinc chloride or sulfate: Zn2+ (aq) + 2CN¯(aq) → Zn(CN)2(s)
Related reactions
1,898 records
Compound notes
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