1,5-Diisopropylnaphthalene

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for naphthalene: Biological treatment. /Naphthalene/

3.7 [mg/m3]

40 [mg/m3]

240 [mg/m3]

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 46,000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that diisopropylnaphthalenes are expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of diisopropylnaphthalenes from moist soil surfaces is expected(SRC), given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.00127 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from a vapor pressure of 0.00050 mm Hg(3) and a water solubility of 0.11 mg/l(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Diisopropylnaphthalenes are not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC), based upon a vapor pressure of 0.00050 mm Hg(3).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 46,000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that diisopropylnaphthalenes are expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.00127 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from a vapor pressure of 0.00050 mm Hg(4) and a water solubility of 0.11 mg/l(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5.3 hours and 6.1 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 12 years if adsorption is considered(8). According to a classification scheme(5), BCF ranging from 370-3930(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high(SRC). The rate constants for the direct photolysis of 2,6- and 2,7-diisopropylnaphthalene in a pyrex beaker of distilled water maintained at 20 °C and exposed to a 100W mercury lamp for 96 hours were measured to be 0.43 and 0.108 hr-1, respectively; which corresponds to half-lives of about 16.0 and 6.4 hours(7). 2, 6-Diisopropylnaphthalene was degraded 70% after 4 hours of irradiation in 0.5 M NaCl solution, and 44.7, 46.4, and 54.6% after 3 hours of irradiation in 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 M NaCl solution, respectively(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), diisopropylnaphthalenes, which have a vapor pressure of 0.00050 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist primarily as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diisopropylnaphthalenes are degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.8 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Diisopropylnaphthalenes may absorb light with wavelengths >290 nm, and may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Samples (100 g) of salt, sugar, rice, and pasta were extracted with methylene dichloride with ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes; the extracts were analyzed for diisopropylnaphthalene(1). Diisopropylnaphthalenes were detected at 46.5 and 21.2 ug in the 100 gram samples of rice and pasta, respectively, and was not detected (detection limit 0.4 ug/ml) in the salt and sugar samples(1). Samples of the cardboard packaging for these foods (4 g) were extracted with methylene dichloride with ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, the extracts were analyzed for diisopropylnaphthalene(1). Diisopropylnaphthalenes were detected at 66, 36, 106, and 384 ug in the 4 gram samples of packaging for salt, sugar, rice, and pasta, respectively(1).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for diisopropylnaphthalenes can be estimated to be 46,000(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that diisopropylnaphthalenes are expected to be immobile in soil.

Diisopropylnaphthalenes were detected in 3 and 7 samples of river and sea fish from Osaka and Yokkaichi, Japan at concn of less than 0.003 and 0.003 ppm, respectively(1). Diisopropylnaphthalenes were found in the extract of walleye from the Lower Fox River, Wisconsin collected in May 1984(2).

The biodegradation of (14)C-labeled diisopropylnaphthalene with activated sludge was studied(1). In high concn of (14)C-labeled diisopropylnaphthalene (10 ppm), the biodegradation was slow, with approximately 35% of diisopropylnaphthalene evoluted to (14)C-carbon dioxide (CO2) after 4 weeks(1). In a low concn (0.4 ppm), (14)C-labeled diisoprpylnaphthalene was degraded much faster and (14)C-carbon dioxide evolved reached to about 80% in 4 weeks(1). Both side chain (isopropyl group) and naphthalene nucleus could be attacked in biodegradation, since propionic acid and salicyclic acid derivatives were found as the metabolites(1). In a 4-week biodegradation screening test (MITI test) using diisopropylnaphthalene (30 mg/l) and an activated sludge inoculum (100 mg/l), 0% of theoretical BOD was removed(2).

Diisopropylnaphthalene was detected in 5 samples of sea mud from Osaka Bay, Japan at concn ranging from 0.019 to 0.160 ppm(1). Diisopropylnaphthalene was detected in river sediments located at a concn of 2200 ug/g at the discharge of a waste paper recycling plant and 8.5 ug/g at 100 m downstream(2).

BCF ranges from 1,310-3,930 and 370-3860 were reported in carp (Cyprinus carpio) following an 8 week exposure to 50 and 5 ug/l of diisopropylnaphthalene, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for diisopropylnaphthalenes is estimated as 0.00127 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from a vapor pressure of 0.0005 mm Hg(1), and a water solubility of 0.11 mg/l(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that diisopropylnaphthalenes are expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5.3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 6.1 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 12 years if adsorption is considered(3). Diisopropylnaphthalenes' Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur; however, volatilization is expected to be attenuated by adsorption(SRC). Diisopropylnaphthalenes are not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.0005 mm Hg(1).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Hypertrophy of liver, spleen, kidney and digestive tube, erosion of liver parenchyma, ip congestion and adhesion and frosted liver and spleen were found in yellowtail (seriola quinqueradiata) when examined 14 and 27 days after single ip injection of diisopropylnaphthalene.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ The effects of diisopropylnaphthalenes (KMC) and 1-phenyl-1-xylylethanes (SAS) were examined in rats. The rats were administered 0.1 g of the substances/kg bw every day for 1 month. The substances were given directly into the stomach with a syringe. At 2 hr after receiving the final dosage, the rats were killed and examined biochemically. An increase in liver weight, disturbance of lipid metabolism in the liver and serum and disturbance of glucose metabolism in the liver were observed after the administration of KMC-A and SAS 296. ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Subacute oral treatment of rats (962 mg diisopropylnaphthalene/kg/day) decr body weight, liver weight, and erythrocyte numbers and increased glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase activity.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ Diisopropylnaphthalene was admin orally to pregnant mice on 7th-12th days of pregnancy at 192 or 19.2 mg/kg. No effects were observed on litter size, nidation number, sex ratio, & skeleton of fetuses for primary & secondary parents.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Alkyl naphthalenes is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Alkyl Naphthalenes/

Used as multipurpose solvent; as chemical intermediate; as a substitute for polychlorinated biphenyls; [HSDB]

Organic intermediate /2,6-Diisopropylnaphthalene/

Diisopropylnaphthalene is used as a multipurpose solvent, a chemical intermediate.

A substitute for polychlorinated biphenyls.

2023: 410,424 lb

(1977) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN USA

(1979) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN USA

Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing

Naphthalene, 1,5-bis(1-methylethyl)-: INACTIVE

Naphthalene, bis(1-methylethyl)-: ACTIVE

... Phthalic anhydride was used in the manufacture of alkyd and polyester resins, dyes, pigments, pharmaceuticals, and insecticides. In the manufacture of insecticides, 12.2% was used to make insecticides such as 1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate (carbaryl). 11% percent was used as an intermediate in the manufacturing of dyestuffs, pigments, and pharmaceuticals. The remainder was used in the manufacture of alkyl-naphthalenesulfonates (used in the manufacture of detergents and textile wetting agents), alkylnaphthalenes (used in making textile spinning lubricants), chlorinated naphthalenes and tetra- and decahydronaphthalenes (used in solvent mixtures). /Alkylnaphthalenes/