2,6-Dinitro-p-cresol

Yellow needles from ether or petroleum ether

Light yellow crystalline solid

Insoluble in water

Soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene

Danger

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 41 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Dust and vapor of dinitrophenol have been reported to be irritating to mucous membrane in industrial exposure ... . /Dinitrophenol/

CONTACT WITH EYES CAUSES IRRITATION. /DINITROCRESOLS/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 750(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2) indicates that 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). However, the pKa of 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol is 4.23(3), which indicates that this compound will exist partially as an anion in moist soil surfaces and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Field studies have shown that the anionic form of the analogous compound, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, is more mobile in soil(5); therefore, the anionic form of 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol may have high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 5.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(6). 4-Methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its estimated vapor pressure of 2.2X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC) determined from a fragment constant method(2). Dinitroaromatic compounds absorb UV light strongly above 290 nm and are susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight(7); therefore, 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol is expected to be susceptible to photodegradation on surfaces exposed to sunlight(SRC). By analogy to 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, which disappears from soil within a few weeks to 2 months when under normal field application rates(8), biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). In soil, the nitro groups are reduced to amino groups(9).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 750(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2) indicates that 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). However, the pKa of 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol is 4.23(3), which indicates that this compound will exist partially as an anion in water and the anionic form of this type of compound has been observed to absorb less strongly than its neutral form(4). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(5) based upon a estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole at 20 °C(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF value of 15(SRC) from its estimated log Kow of 2.27(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. 4-Methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(5). Nitrophenols and dinitroaromatic compounds exhibit strong absorption of UV light at wavelengths greater than 290 nm(8,9), suggesting that 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol is susceptible to direct photolysis in the environment(SRC). The half-life for the photolysis of the analogous compound 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol in water has been reported as approximately 253 hours at 20 °C(10). Biodegradation half-lives of analogous 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol in water have been reported as 3-5 weeks at 20 °C(10), suggesting biodegradation of 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.2X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 53 days(SRC) from its estimated rate constant of 3X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(2). Particulate-phase 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Nitrophenols and dinitroaromatic compounds exhibit strong absorption of UV light at wavelengths greater than 290 nm(3,4), suggesting that 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol is susceptible to direct photolysis in the environment(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol can be estimated to be 750(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol is expected to have low mobility in soil. However, the pKa of 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol is 4.23(3), which indicates that this compound will exist primarily as an anion in moist soil surfaces and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Field studies have shown that the anionic form of the analogous compound 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol is more mobile in soil(5); therefore, the anionic form of 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol may have high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC).

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/SYMPTOMATOLOGY: MARKED FATIGUE, TREMENDOUS THIRST, PROFUSE SWEATING, FLUSHING OF FACE. NAUSEA, VOMITING, ABDOMINAL PAIN, & OCCASIONALLY DIARRHEA. RESTLESSNESS, ANXIETY, EXCITEMENT, OCCASIONALLY LEADING TO CONVULSIONS. /DINITROPHENOL/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/SYMPTOMATOLOGY: RISE IN BODY TEMP...ROUGHLY PROPORTIONAL TO TOXIC DOSE, MAY CULMINATE IN SEVERE HYPERPYREXIA... TACHYCARDIA, HYPERPNEA, DYSPNEA, CYANOSIS, &...MUSCLE CRAMPS. LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS, CESSATION OF BREATHING, & DEATH. /DINITROPHENOL/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/SYMPTOMATOLOGY: LATE COMPLICATIONS: A. DECR URINE OUTPUT WITH ALBUMINURIA, CASTS, PIGMENTS, SOMETIMES BLOOD CELLS, DUE TO TOXIC NEPHRITIS. B. JAUNDICE & TENDERNESS IN LIVER REGION DUE TO TOXIC HEPATITIS. /DINITROPHENOL/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/SYMPTOMATOLOGY: OCCASIONAL HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS AFTER REPEATED EXPOSURES (OR IN CHRONIC POISONING) INCLUDE AGRANULOCYTIC ANGINA, SKIN RASHES, PERIPHERAL NEURITIS, & LATE CATARACT FORMATION. /DINITROPHENOL/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/SYMPTOMS FOLLOWING EXPOSURE: VERY HIGH FEVER IS PROMINENT SIGN OF INTOXICATION FOLLOWING ABSORPTION OF TOXIC DOSE OF DINITRO-O-CRESOL. INHALATION OF DUST MAY CAUSE SAME SYMPTOMS AS INGESTION. INGESTION CAUSES A FEELING OF WELL-BEING, PROFUSE SWEATING, YELLOW URINE, INCR BASAL METABOLISM, MARKED THIRST, VOMITING, CONVULSIONS, COMA, & DEATH. CONTACT WITH EYES CAUSES IRRITATION. CONTACT WITH SKIN CAUSES LOCAL NECROSIS & DANGEROUS SYSTEMIC EFFECTS. NOTE: ...FURTHER CONTACT SHOULD BE AVOIDED IF /BLOOD/ LEVEL EXCEEDS 20 UG/G. /DINITROCRESOLS/

AEROBIC: Biodegradation of the analogous compound 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (also known as 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol) is probably its main removal process from agricultural soils(1); this analogous compound usually disappears from soil within a few weeks to 2 months when applied at normal field rates(1); in soil, the nitro groups are reduced to amino groups(1); soil half-lives are reported to range from 0.1-15 days(2). Biodegradation half-lives of the analogous compound 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (also known as 4,6-dinito-o-cresol) in natural water are reported as 7 (aerobic) and 2.8 (anaerobic) days(3); half-lives in water have been reported as 3-5 weeks at 20 °C(2).

An estimated BCF of 15 was calculated for 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.27(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Henry's Law constant for 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol has been measured as 5.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole at 20 °C(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected occur(SRC). 4-Methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its estimated vapor pressure of 2.2X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC) determined from a fragment constant method(3).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Intraperitoneal injection of either DNOC /dinitro-o-cresol/ or 2,6-dinitro-p-cresol caused thirst, stretching, decreased activity, and marked rigor in mice. The acute toxicity of the two isomers were not significantly different.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ... Toxicity studies in animals conducted by parenteral routes and genotoxicity studies in bacteria indicate that 2,6-dinitro-p-cresol is similar in potency and action to 4,6-DNOC /dinitro-o-cresol/. ...

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 53 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 4-Methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). Nitrophenols and dinitroaromatic compounds exhibit strong absorption of UV light at wavelengths greater than 290 nm(3,4), suggesting that 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol is susceptible to direct photolysis in the environment(SRC). The half-life for the photolysis of the analogous compound 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol in water has been reported as approximately 253 hours at 20 °C(5). [

Used as a parent compound for intermediates, dyes, and pharmaceuticals; [HSDB]

Parent compound for intermediates, dyes and pharmaceuticals.

2,6-Dinitro-p-cresol and analogous alkyl compounds have been used as agrochemicals similarly to the 4,6-dinitro-p-cresol

Phenol, 4-methyl-2,6-dinitro- is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#5400]