(+-)-2,3-Dichloro-1-propanol

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,3-dichloropropanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,3-dichloropropanol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), obtained using a fragment constant estimation method(3). 2,3-Dichloropropanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 0.18 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). The half-life for the biodegradation of 2,3-dichloropropanol in two different soils was 23.1 and 55.3 days(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,3-dichloropropanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(3,SRC), from an estimated log Kow(6,SRC), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 2,3-Dichloropropanol has a neutral first-order hydrolysis rate constant of 5.3X10-5 1/s and base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 20.6 L/mole-hour(7) and, based on these values, is expected to have a hydrolysis half-life of approximately 1.4 years at pH 7 and 140 days at pH 8(7,SRC). Limited data indicate that 2,3-dichloropropanol may slowly biodegrade under aerobic conditions(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,3-dichloropropanol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 0.18 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3-dichloropropanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 9 days(SRC) from its estimated rate constant of 1.77X10-12 atm cu m/mol(3).

2,3-Dichloropropanol

Cardiovascular

3 x 10 ^-3 mg/kg-day

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 2,3-dichloropropanol can be estimated to be about 4(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,3-dichloropropanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

Two middle aged men developed severe hepatic injury just after cleaning a dichloropropanol tank at a plant producing dichloropropanol. They died from hepatic failure 4 and 11 days respectively, after carrying out the work. Liver specimens taken at autopsy from one of the cases showed submassive hepatic necrosis. /Dichloropropanol/

Poison by ingestion and skin contact. Moderately toxic by inhalation.

Incubation of 1,200 and 750 mg/kg 2,3-dichloropropanol with soil samples from Texas and Mississippi that had not previously been exposed to chemical waste resulted in calculated biodegradation removal half-lives of 23.1 and 55.3 days, respectively(1).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for 2,3-dichloropropanol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.78(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Henry's Law constant for 2,3-dichloropropanol is estimated as 3X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2,3-dichloropropanol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as >10,000 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as >80,000 days(SRC). 2,3-Dichloropropanol's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). 2,3-Dichloropropanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 0.18 mm Hg(SRC) determined from a fragment constant method(3).

2,3-DICHLOROPROPANOL-1 RATED 5 ON RABBIT EYES. ...TESTED EXTERNALLY ON EYES OF RABBITS...PAYING PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO CONDITION OF CORNEA. MOST SEVERE INJURIES HAVE BEEN RATED 10.

ALL PROPANOL DERIV TESTED, INCL 2,3-DICHLORO-1-PROPANOL, WERE MUTAGENIC FOR SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 2,3-dichloropropanol is included on this list.