N-Nitrosodipropylamine

A fire in your laboratory involving this chemical may produce dangerous vapors. Please evacuate the area immediately. As a firefighter, you should be equipped with full-body protective clothing and a self-contained breathing apparatus. You should extinguish this fire with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or halon extinguisher. You should avoid using a water or foam extinguisher as they may cause spattering. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired. ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms. ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal. ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately. ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly. ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated. ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Decontamination of N-nitrosamine contaminated glassware /was described/. /N-nitrosamines/

Methods are given for nitrosamine removal from wastewaters. /Nitrosamine/

Nitrosamine residues generated in laboratory research or accidental spills in research laboratories and diluted to concn of 10 mg/l or less are rapidly reduced to innocuous amines, ammonia, or alcohols by aluminum-nickel alloy powder and aqueous alkali. The method is applicable to a variety of media (water, mineral oil, olive oil, dimethylsulfoxide, soln of agar gel) but is not recommended for use with nitrosamines in acetone or dichloromethane because reactions are slow and incomplete. After the reduced reaction mixture is filtered, the liquid is disposed of by pouring it over sufficient absorbent material to convert it to a solid waste for incineration. /Nitrosamines/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U111, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... Summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1.4 [mg/m3]

16 [mg/m3]

95 [mg/m3]

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves.

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent ... Safety pipettes ... for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory ... protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece, & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering, & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators ... when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons ... gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Ethyl alcohol enhanced tumor development in inbred C57BL mice admin N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine plus ethyl alcohol twice weekly for 50 wk by intragastric intubation. Tumor morbidity was highest in animals receiving 40% ethyl alcohol containing 0.03 mg N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine with 95% of males and 100% of females dying with malignant tumors, the most common of which were of the forestomach. Ethyl alcohol also incr the incidence of esophageal tumors.

The influence of organic solvents on the mutagenicity of 11 N-nitrosoamines was examined in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 using the Ames's liquid incubation assay in the presence of rat-liver S5. The mutagenic activities of 6 oxidative derivatives of N-nitrosopropylamine /were/ considerably decreased by addition of dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, acetone, 95% ethanol or acetonitrile. The mutagenic activity of N-nitrosodipropylamine was also suppressed by increasing concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide and did not appear to exert their influence by dismutagenic and antimutagenic actions. The recoveries of unmetabolized carcinogens from preincubation mixtures and from agar plates were significantly higher in the presence of organic solvents than in their absence. The inhibitory effect may be a result of interference with the process of metabolic activation by liver S9.

LC50; Species: Eisenia fetida (Earthworm) adults; direct application using filter paper > or =5 doses 11.0 ug/sq cm (95% confidence interval: 10.0-12.0 ug/sq cm) /> or =98% purity/

LC50; Species: Eisenia fetida (Earthworm) adults; dermal using filter paper > or =6 doses 11.0 ug/sq cm (95% confidence interval: 10.0-12.0 ug/sq cm) /> or =98% purity/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 280(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). When applied to two soil surfaces, N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine volatilized >60% after 8 days(3). When uniformly incorporated into 7.5 and 10.5 cm of soil, 5.5% and about 30% of the N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine was lost during the 8 day volatilization experiment(3). N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine, applied to a field plot at 571 ug/sq m, volatilized 47.4% two hours after application and 83.1% eight days after application(4). N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine readily photolyzes(5) and would be expected to photolyze on the soil surface(SRC). N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine's half-life in aerobic soils under laboratory conditions was about 3 weeks with volatilization and biodegradation the primary removal processes(6). In a field dissipation study N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine's half-lives were approximately 21 and 40 days in sandy loam and silty clay loam soils, respectively(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 280(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 5.38X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 8 and 60 days, respectively(SRC). N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine did not volatilize, hydrolyze or biodegrade from spiked Cayuga Lake water solution that was maintained at 30 °C in the dark, open to the atmosphere and well stirred for 108 days(5). A major degradation process of N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine in natural surface water is photo-degradation; 90% degradation occurred in 8 hours in eutrophic lake exposed to summer sunlight(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 4(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.36(8) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 0.39 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 16 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine is readily photolyzed in air forming N, N-dipropylnitramine; its half-life is 5 to 7 hours in a photo-reactor irradiated with simulated sunlight(3).

None of the 25 samples of cheese, meat and fish analyzed for N-nitrosodipropylamine contained detectable levels (0.5 ug/kg)(1). Of 11 types of cheese (9 Italian, 2 Dutch) analyzed for volatile nitrosamines, only Edam contained N-nitrosodipropylamine (1.64 ug/kg)(2). In a preliminary survey of the Italian market, N-nitrosodipropylamine was not detected in samples of canned luncheon meat and cured meat products (detection limit 0.3 ppb)(3). N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine concentrations were 50 ng/kg in steamed salted yellow croaker and 30 and 50 ng/kg in fried salted yellow croaker(4). N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine was not detected (detection limit 0.3 ppb) in dried fish or sausage(5).

N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine has been detected at levels of 20-30 ug/kg in cheese.

The levels of ... volatile N-nitrosamines were measured in wheat grain before and after drying with direct natural gas heating. A sampling procedure making it possible to match samples from the ingoing and outgoing grain streams in the drier was used. ... No detectable amounts of volatile N-nitrosamines were found in any of the samples, before or after drying. /Nitrosamines/

The data are presented on the content of nitrosamines in meat products prepared according to traditional technology versus the use of water-soluble vitamins and their complex. It is shown that the enrichment of sausage products and canned meat with thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide and ascorbic acid is conductive to better hygienic parameters of the products, with lower content of nitrosamines (from 29.4 to 72.6%) as compared to meat products prepared according to the traditional technology. /Nitrosamines/

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: N-nitrosodi-N-propylamine (DPNA) is a yellow liquid. DPNA is used in small quantities in laboratory research. It has no known commercial use. HUMAN STUDIES: DPNA demonstrated DNA-damaging activity in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. ANIMAL STUDIES: In rats, DPNA caused liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) and benign and malignant tumors of the esophagus (papilloma and carcinoma) following administration in the drinking water or subcutaneous injection. Subcutaneous injection of DPNA also caused tumors of the lung and nasal and paranasal sinus cavities in hamsters and rats, tumors of the laryngobronchial tract in hamsters, and benign and malignant kidney tumors (adenoma and adenocarcinoma) in rats. Liver tumors were observed in monkeys exposed by intraperitoneal injection. Cancer (carcinoma) of the liver, esophagus, and nasal cavity was described in rats exposed by stomach tube, and tracheal tumors were described in male hamsters exposed by intratracheal instillation. In addition, administration of DPNA in the drinking water caused forestomach tumors in male rats. Testing of DPNA on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and Escheria coli WP2 uvrA/pKM101 produced mutagenicity. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: When injected into the foot of Mytilus edulis DPNA produced progressive tissue damage, characterized by the destruction of digestive tubules and ducts in the digestive diverticula. Destroyed tubules and ducts were replaced by collagenous scars, and granulocytomas were frequently seen.

Reactive metabolites of n-nitrosodi-n-propylamine are believed to form adducts with DNA, resulting in carcinogenic effects. (L216)

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The acute and long-term toxic effects of N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA) and N-methylnitrosourea (NMU) were studied by light and electron microscopy following injection of the chems into the foot of Mytilus edulis. In acute studies, mussels received one injection of NDPA at concn of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg NDPA/mussel, and 1 injection of NMU at concn of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 4.0 mg NMU/mussel. Within 12 days, necrosis of the epithelial lining of the digestive diverticula took place, and the vesicular connective tissue in the digestive diverticula was heavily infiltrated by eosinophilic granular leukocytes. In long-term studies, mussels received 4 weekly injections of 0.5 mg NDPA/mussel, and 0.5 mg NMU-exposed mussels were examined for 17 wk. ... Both chems produced progressive tissue damage, characterized by the destruction of digestive tubules and ducts in the digestive diverticula. Destroyed tubules and ducts were replaced by collagenous scars, andgranulocytomas were frequently seen.

U111; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when di-n-propylnitrosamine, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Nitrosamines/

The levels for nitrosamines through ingestion of contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms ... which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are estimated at 1X10-5, 1X10-6, and 1X10-7. The corresponding recommended criteria are 8.0 ng/L, 0.8 ng/L, and 0.08 ng/L, respectively. If these estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 12,400 ng/L, 1,240 ng/L, and 124 ng/L, respectively. /Nitrosamines/

Not produced in the United States; used primarily for research; [HSDB] Small amounts of N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine are produced as a side reaction during some manufacturing processes, as a contaminant in some commonly available weed killers (dinitroaniline-based), and during the manufacture of some rubber products. When exposed to sunlight, N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine usually does not last for more than a day. [ATSDR ToxProfiles]

... N-nitroso compounds are produced primarily as research chemicals and not for commercial purposes. /N-Nitroso compounds/

N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine is apparently not produced in any significant quantity.

Small amounts of n-nitrosodi-n-propylamine are also produced as a side reaction during some manufacturing processes, as a contaminant in some weed killers, and during the manufacture of some rubber products. (L216)

(1977) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN USA

(1982) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN USA

... laboratory synthesis of N-nitrosamines is the reaction of a secondary amine with acidic nitrite at ca pH 3. The primary nitrosating intermediate is N2O3 arising from nitrous acid. /N-nitrosamines/

N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA) was first prepared by Vincent in 1886 from di-n-propylamine and nitrous acid.

No evidence was found that NDPA has been produced commercially.

1-Propanamine, N-nitroso-N-propyl-: ACTIVE

Strong oxidants (peracids) oxidize it to corresponding nitramine; can be reduced to hydrazine or amine; relatively resistant to hydrolysis but can be split by hydrogen bromide in acetic acid.