1,4-Diaminobenzene dihydrochloride

Cosmetic ingredients (p-Phenylenediamine HCl) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Hair dyeing

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

FREELY SOL IN WATER; SLIGHTLY SOL IN ALC, ETHER

Solubility in water: very good

greater than 392 °F (NTP, 1992)

275 °C

1,4-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride appears as white to slightly reddish crystals or gray powder. (NTP, 1992)

White to slightly reddish solid; [ICSC] Off-white crystalline powder; [MSDSonline]

WHITE-TO-SLIGHTLY-REDDISH CRYSTALS.

Danger

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P321, P330, P333+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P321, P330, P333+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: 1,4-Benzenediamine, dihydrochloride

1,4-Phenylenediammonium dichloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Flash point data for this chemical are not available; however, it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include irritation of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract, and narcosis. Other symptoms include eczemoid contact dermatitis and bronchial asthma. It can cause hypersensitivity reactions (skin sensitization), skin allergies (such as disseminated neurodermatitis), arthritis, conjunctivitis, gastrointestinal disturbances, neurological symptoms, spleen enlargement, vertigo, gastritis, diplopia, asthenia, exfoliative dermatitis and, on chronic exposure, jaundice and liver atrophy. Eye contact can cause inflammation, damage of the periocular and ocular tissues, edema and hyperemia of the lids and conjunctiva with tearing and exophthalmos, pain and burning of the eyes, redness and swelling of the lids, erosion of the corneal epithelium, iritis, iridocyclitis and retrobulbar neuritis with central scotoma. There have been cases of limitation of eye movement with proptosis, involvement of the cornea with loss of epithelium and infiltration, optic neuritis with papilledema, and lost or permanently impaired vision due to severe corneal ulceration.

An eye irritant; Can be absorbed through skin; Can induce methemoglobinemia; May cause skin sensitization and asthma after prolonged contact; May cause kidney injury; [ICSC] The parent compound has caused allergic dermatitis and eye injury in humans; Emergency treatment: Paraphenylenediamine; In sensitized individuals, paraphenylenediamine may cause allergic contact dermatitis following application as a hair dye and asthma following inhalation; Following ingestion, can cause angioneurotic edema, methemoglobinemia, acute tubular necrosis, and hepatotoxicity; An adult died after ingestion of 3 grams of p-phenylenediamine; Another adult who ingested 1800 mg developed angioneurotic edema and acute renal failure; [HSDB] A skin, eye, mucous membrane, and upper respiratory tract irritant; May cause asthma, skin sensitization, liver atrophy, and permanent eye injury; [CAMEO] An eye irritant; May cause skin sensitization; [eChemPortal: ESIS] A mutagen; [RTECS] See p-Phenylenediamine.

DHEW/NCI; Bioassay of p-Phenylenediamine Dihydrochloride for Possible Carcinogenicity (1979) Technical Rpt Series No. 174 DHEW Pub No. (NIH) 79-1730

USEPA; PHENYLENEDIAMINES; RESPONSE TO INTERAGENCY TESTING COMMITTEE; FED REGIST 47(5) 973 (1982). EVIDENCE IS GIVEN SUPPORTING TESTING OF THE CLASS OF COMPOUNDS PHENYLENEDIAMINES FOR THEIR TOXIC EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT. THE RESULTS OF TOXICITY TESTING OF 22 COMPOUNDS ARE TABULATED AS ARE THE EFFECTS FOR WHICH TESTING IS BEING CONSIDERED FOR 13 COMPOUNDS, AND THE USES OR POTENTIAL USES OF 47 PHENYLENEDIAMINES.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1,4-Benzenediamine dihydrochloride is included on this list.

Acidic organic/inorganic salts, such as 1,4-PHENYLENEDIAMINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate to high concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions.

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!).

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

NONINFECTED SNAILS OF THE BIOMPHALARI AND BULINUS TYPES OXIDIZED P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE-2HCL TO THE CORRESPONDING COLORED TRIVALENT NITROGEN-FREE RADICALS INSTANTLY AND INTENSIVELY. THIS REACTION DID NOT OCCUR WITH SNAILS INFECTED WITH MIRACEDIA OF SCHISTOSOMES. THE REACTION WAS INHIBITED BY SODIUM AZIDE, POTASSIUM CYANIDE, SODIUM SULFIDE, AND THE POTENT MOLLUSCICIDE, 5,2'-DICHLORO-4-NITROSALICYLANILIDE.

Dizziness. Headache. Laboured breathing. Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Confusion. Convulsions. Nausea. Unconsciousness.

Redness.

See Inhalation.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=624-18-0]

p-Phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (CAS # 624-18-0) was evaluated for carcinogenicity in Fischer 344 rats (50/sex/group) exposed to dietary concentrations of 625 and 1250 ppm for 103 weeks. Treated and control animals (20 males, 20 females) were observed for an additional 2 weeks following treatment. Treatment produced no increased mortality or overt signs of toxicity, however slightly depressed mean bodyweights among female rats, and high-dose female and male rats suggested that a maximal tolerated dose was obtained. Sufficient numbers of rats surviving the course of study to determine risk of late-developing tumors demonstrated no statistically significant increased incidence of neoplastic or non-neoplastic tumors relative to controls.

...COMPOSITION OF COSMETICS...HAIR DYES & EYELASH DYES...SENSITIZE THE LID SKIN & EXTERNAL OCULAR STRUCTURES. CONTINUED APPLICATION OF HAPTEN CAN CAUSE SEVERE DAMAGE TO CONTACTED TISSUES. CORNEAL ULCERATION WITH LOSS OF VISION & EVEN FATALITY HAVE BEEN REPORTED. /P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE/

Poison by ingestion and subcutaneous routes. Questionable carcinogen.

MIXTURES OF CERTAIN AMINES HAVE GIVEN RISE TO SERIOUS CASES OF POISONING. PRESENCE OF P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE AND OF P-AMINO-PHENOL EXPLAINS OCCURRENCE OF ALLERGIC DERMATITIS WHICH GENERALLY AFFECT EXPOSED PARTS: HANDS, WRISTS, FOREARMS, FACE & NECK. /P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE/

3.8% biodegradation was observed when 1,4-diaminobenzene dihydrochloride (initial concentration unspecified) was incubated with an activated sludge inoculum obtained from a municipal sewage treatment facility over a 5 day incubation period(1).

p-Phenylenediamine dihydrochloride

TR-174: Bioassay of p-Phenylenediamine Dihydrochloride for Possible Carcinogenicity (CASRN 624-18-0) (1979 )

10/25/78

No Evidence

No Evidence

No Evidence

An experimental BCF value of 450 was measured for algae exposed to 1,4-diaminobenzene dihydrochloride for 24 hours(1). An experimental BCF value of 6 was measured for fish (golden ide) exposed to 1,4-diaminobenzene dihydrochloride for 3 days(1).

A CHARACTERISTIC EDEMA OF HEAD & NECK IS PRODUCED BY IP INJECTION OF P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN RABBITS (190 MG/KG BODY WT) AND CATS (120 MG/KG BODY WT); SAME EFFECT HAS BEEN PRODUCED IN GUINEA-PIGS (SC DOSE OF 350 MG/KG BODY WT) & RATS (SC DOSE OF 120-150 MG/KG BODY WT).

...STUDIES IN RATS DEMONSTRATE THAT SC ADMIN OF 3 MG OF HYDROCHLORIDE INDUCES SKELETAL MUSCLE LESIONS: RHABDOMYOLYSIS WITH INFILTRATION OF MYOPHAGES, NECROSIS WITH CALCIFICATIONS, ACCUMULATION OF NEUTRAL LIPIDS & DILATATION OF SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.

IN RATS SC P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE-HCL INDUCED NECROSIS @ THE SITE OF INJECTION SURROUNDED BY EDEMA; THE EDEMA RESULTED FROM AN INCR VASCULAR PERMEABILITY.

ADMIN OF P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE-2HCL AS A SLOW IV PERFUSION (10 MG/100 G) OR AS A RAPID IV INJECTION (5 MG/100 G) INDUCED AN IRREVERSIBLE CARDIOVASCULAR COLLAPSE IN RATS; NO TEGUMENTARY EDEMA WAS OBSERVED.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,4-DIAMINOBENZENE DIHYDROCHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1,4-Benzenediamine dihydrochloride is included on this list.

...APPLIED TO SKIN OF DOGS IN GELS & FLUIDS...16 MG WERE ABSORBED WHEN 50 ML OF LAURYL SULFATE-BASED GEL CONTAINING 1.5 G P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE WAS APPLIED FOR 3 HR & FREE ACCESS TO AIR WAS ALLOWED... AMT ROSE TO 110 MG /WHEN AREA WAS COVERED WITH ALUMINUM FOIL. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE APPLIED BEFORE TREATMENT, 2 MG ABSORBED/.

CIR ingredient: p-Phenylenediamine HCl

Used as an analytical reagent (milk, blood, hydrogen sulfide, and amyl alcohol), antioxidant, and in photographic developers; Used formerly in hair and eyelash dyes; [HSDB]

Photographic Processing [Category: Other]

DEVELOPERS FOR BLACK-AND-WHITE & COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY; ANALYTICAL REAGENT; ANTIOXIDANTS /P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE & DERIV/

/SRP: FORMER USE/ IN HAIR DYES

Used as a reagent for blood, H2S, amyl alcohol; in testing milk.

1,4-Benzenediamine, hydrochloride (1:2): ACTIVE

IN PAST WHEN THERE WERE FEW RESTRICTIONS ON COMPOSITION OF COSMETICS IN THIS COUNTRY, HAIR DYES & EYELASH DYES WERE SOLD WHOSE PRINCIPAL INGREDIENT WAS P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE. IT WAS SEVERE REACTION TO SUCH PREPN SOLD UNDER PROPRIETARY NAME LASH LURE THAT ENCOURAGED MORE STRINGENT FEDERAL REGULATION. /P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE/