Basic information
- CAS
12185-10-3- Standard SMILES
p12p3p1p23- InChIKey
OBSZRRSYVTXPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N- Molecular formula
- P4
- Average molar mass
- 123.895 g/mol
- Monoisotopic mass
- 123.89504652
Overview
Tetraphosphorus is a member of tetraatomic phosphorus.
Names & identifiers
- Preferred name
- Tetraphosphorus
- IUPAC
- 1,2,3,4-tetraphosphatricyclo[1.1.0.02,4]butane
- English name
- White phosphorus
- Molecular formula
- P4
- Molecular weight
- 123.896
Names & synonyms
tetraphosphorusPhosphorus tetramerTetrameric phosphorusPhosphorus (yellow)Phosphorus tetraatomic moleculePhosphorus, mol. (P4)Phosphorus molecule (P4)CHEBI:35895RefChem:902198tricyclo(1.1.0.02,4)tetraphosphanePhosphorus, WhiteREJ3TH2WED
Show more names
Phosphorus (YP)white phosphorusTetrahedro-tetraphosphorusWhite phosphorus ISO 9001：2015 REACH
Molecular phosphorusTetraatomic phosphorusP4Yellow phosphorusPhosphorus, yellowP (white)Phosphorus white, motenPhosphorus, mol.(P4)
Database identifiers
- CAS
12185-10-3、62611-24-9- PubChem CID
- 123286
- DTXSID
DTXSID90923991- ChEBI
CHEBI:35895- Nikkaji
- J1.866.936F
Properties
Computed structural properties
- XLogP
- -0.5
- Topological polar surface area
- 0 Ų
- Hydrogen bond donors
- 0
- Hydrogen bond acceptors
- 0
- Rotatable bonds
- 0
- Heavy atoms
- 4
- Formal charge
- 0
- Complexity
- 43
Experimental & physicochemical properties
Chemical ClassesOther Classes -> Phosphorus Compounds
SpringerMaterials PropertiesGibbs energy
Density
1.83 g/cm³
1.82 @25 °C
SolubilitySolubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.0003
Boiling Point280 °C @760 [mm Hg]
Melting Point
44 °C
44.1 °C
Vapor DensityRelative vapor density (air = 1): 4.42
Vapor Pressure
0.03 [mmHg]
Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 3.5
0.03 [mm Hg]
Physical Description
White to yellow, soft, waxy solid with acrid fumes in air. (Note: Usually shipped or stored in water.) [NIOSH] Red and black phosphorus are less toxic allotropes that do not spontaneously combust in air. [Merck Index]
Safety & regulation
GHS classification
GHS Classification
Danger
H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air [Danger Pyrophoric liquids]
P210, P222, P231, P233, P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P335+P334, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P320, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
Danger
H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air [Danger Pyrophoric liquids]
P203, P210, P222, P231, P233, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P335+P334, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
Hazard information
Regulatory InformationWhite phosphorus: HSNO Approval: HSR004760 Approved with controls
Fire HazardsHighly flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.
Hazards Summary
Liquid or solid causes second or third degree burns after short contact; [CHRIS] Phosphorus is a respiratory irritant. Medical and dental surveillance in recent decades of a plant producing phosphorus and manufacturing fertilizer did not reveal any health effects caused by chronic phosphorus exposure. No phossy jaw (necrosis of the mandible) was found. Heavy industrial phosphorus exposure resulting in phossy jaw in the past was accompanied by liver and kidney injury according to some reports. [ACGIH] Inhalation of vapor may cause pulmonary edema. [ICSC] White phosphorus causes severe chemical burns. Systemic toxicity may include hypocalcemia. In warfare, white phosphorus often contaminates skin and wounds. Phosphorescent particles and fragments can be identified in a dark room, and they should be removed as soon as possible and placed under water. [AHLS, p. 393-406] Red phosphorus is not well absorbed and has limited toxicity. [Olson, p. 373] Red phosphorus has limited toxicity. White phosphorus combusts in air and causes liver and kidney injury after ingestion. [Goldfrank, p. 1440]
Chemistry & industry
Uses & manufacturing
Uses
Used by the military for ammunition and incendiary devices; used by industry to produce phosphoric acid, fertilizers, food additives, and cleaning compounds; In the past small amounts of phosphorus were used for pesticides and fireworks. [ATSDR ToxFAQs] Red phosphorus is used to produce methamphetamine (meth labs). It is also used in luminous coatings, pyrotechnics, and fertilizers; [AHLS, p. 397] Phosphorus (P2O5, PBr3, PCl3, POCl3, PH3, and PF5) is used as a doping agent in semiconductor manufacturing. [CSH, p. 50]
Semiconductor Manufacturing [Category: Industry]
Applications
DescriptionWhite phosphorus,also known as yellow phosphorus, is a nonmetallic element that is found in the form of crystals or a wax-like transparent solid. It ignites spontaneously in air at 86°F, which is also its ignition temperature. White phosphorus should be stored under water and away from heat. It is a dangerous fire risk, with a boiling point of 536°F (280°C) and a melting point of 111°F (43°C). White phosphorus is toxic by inhalation and ingestion, and contact with skin produces burns. The TLV is 0.1 mg/m3 of air, and it is insoluble in water, with a specific gravity of 1.82, which is heavier than air. White phosphorus is shipped and stored under water to keep it from contacting air. The four-digit UN identification number is 2447. The NFPA 704 designation is health 4, flammability 4, and reactivity 2. The primary uses are in rodenticides, smoke screens, and analytical chemistry.
UsesWhite phosphorus is mainly used to produce red phosphorus, phosphoric acid and phosphides. It is also used to manufacture pesticides and rodenticides. In national defense, it can be used to produce incendiary bombs, smoke bombs and signal flares.
Upstream & downstream products
Upstream raw materials
Related reactions
1 records
Compound notes
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