Tetradecane

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

To fight fire, use foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

25 [mg/m3]

280 [mg/m3]

1700 [mg/m3]

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: When working with this chemical, you should wear a full-face cartridge respirator equipped with combination organic vapor and particulate cartridges. Alternately, you may wear splash goggles and a half-face respirator equipped with combination organic vapor and particulate cartridges.

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

... The present study is an ongoing approach to assess the dose-related percutaneous absorption of a number of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The first treatment (1X) was comprised of mixtures containing undecane (4.1%), dodecane (4.7%), tridecane (4.4%), tetradecane (3%), pentadecane (1.6%), naphthalene (1.1%), and dimethyl naphthalene (1.3% of jet fuels) in hexadecane solvent using porcine skin flow through diffusion cell. Other treatments (n = 4 cells) were 2X and 5X concentrations. Perfusate samples were analyzed with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) using head space solid phase micro-extraction fiber technique. We have standardized the assay to have a good linear correlation for all the tested components in media standards. Absorption parameters including diffusivity, permeability, steady state flux, and percent dose absorbed were estimated for all the tested hydrocarbons. This approach provides a baseline to access component interactions among themselves and with the diluent (solvents). A quantitative structure permeability relationship (QSPR) model was derived to predict the permeability of unknown jet fuel hydrocarbons in this solvent system by using their physicochemical parameters. Our findings suggested a dose related increase in absorption for naphthalene and dimethyl naphthalene (DMN).

Tetradecane enhances the mitogenic response of murine spleen lymphocytes to the lectin phytohemagglutinin.

Linear alkanes of specific chain length enhanced differentially the mitogenic response of murine spleen lymphocytes to the lectin phytohemagglutinin. A biphasic structure-function relationship was found, with maximum comitogenic activity occurring for tetradecane.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 16,000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-tetradecane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-tetradecane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 11.9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.015 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 0.00033 mg/L(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). n-Tetradecane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(SRC). An 85.8% of theoretical biodegradation using activated sludge in a OECD 301F test indicates n-tetradecane is readily biodegradable(5) and suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). In a soil degradation study at 20 °C, n-tetradecane (at 13 ppm) degraded below detection limits within 5 days(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 16,000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-tetradecane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 11.9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.015 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.00033 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5.6 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 28 months if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 2700(SRC), from a log Kow of 7.20(8) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). n-Tetradecane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). An 85.8% of theoretical biodegradation using activated sludge in a OECD 301F test indicates n-tetradecane is readily biodegradable(9) and suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). When inoculated with either seawater samples or seawater sediment samples, n-tetradecane, added as a component of oil, underwent 42% and 77% removal, respectively, after 15 days(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-tetradecane, which has a vapor pressure of 0.015 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-tetradecane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 21 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.79X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Based upon data for similar alkanes(4), n-tetradecane does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

n-Tetradecane has been identified as a volatile component of fried chicken(1), chickpea seed(2), nectarines(3), fried bacon(4), and the Japanese dried food, Bonito(5). n-Tetradecane was identified as a volatile component of frankfurters(6). n-Tetradecane was detected in Australian honeys at levels of 0.1-0.6 mg/kg(7). n-Tetradecane was detected in paprika oleoresin at a concentration of 5.3 mg/kg(8). n-Tetradecane was identified as a volatile component of raw beef(9).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: N-Tetradecane is a colorless liquid. It is used in organic synthesis, also as solvent standardized hydrocarbon, and as distillation chaser. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: During industrial use, tetradecane may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption. ANIMAL STUDIES: Tetradecane administered topically in a rabbit model caused a marked hyperplasia of sebaseous glands, epidermis, and follicular epithelium. Intravenous injection in mice was lethal at 5800 mg/kg. Animals presented altered sleep time, including change in righting reflex. Tetradecane, when aspired into the lungs, is an asphyxiant similar to the C6-C10 alkanes. These alkanes cause death more slowly and can cause chemical pneumonitis. Tetradecane was a carcinogen and tumor promoter in two-stage experiments of benzo[a]pyrene carcinogenicity in mice. Tetradecane enhances the mitogenic response of murine spleen lymphocytes to the lectin phytohemagglutinin.

n-Tetradecane was identified as a volatile constituent of Kiwi fruit flowers(1).

n-Tetradecane was detected in Plectranthus coleiodes (Labiatae) shoots at range of 1-550 ppm. The compound was detected, not quantified in the following plants(1):[Table#5528]

The average concentration of n-tetradecane in walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) blubber obtained at 6 different monitoring sites in the Pacific, 1981-1984, was 0.01 ppm wet weight(1). The concentration of n-tetradecane in tissue samples collected from 12 wolves /Canis lupus signatus/ of Northern Spain was determined to be 7.16 mg/kg lipid weight in suprarenal capsule(2).

n-Tetradecane emissions have been associated with effluent from the following industries: bottled and canned soft drinks and carbonated waters, paper mills, pulp mills, petroleum refining, manufacturing, and specialty cleaning, polishing and sanitation preparations(1). It was qualitatively detected in 14 of 46 U.S. industrial effluent samples(2). n-Tetradecane was detected in the effluent of a petroleum refining plant at an approximate concentration of 0.039 mg/L(3). n-Tetradecane was qualitatively identified in the effluent gas from refuse waste obtained from a food center in an experiment designed to determine the gases emitted from decaying waste matter at refuse sites, landfills, and trash transfer sites(4). It was identified as a semi-volatile emission during the combustion of agricultural plastics and kerosene(5). n-Tetradecane was identified as a component of effluent samples from SOHIO's Toledo refinery in Dec. 1976 at a concentration of 683 ppb(6). n-Tetradecane was detected in volatile emissions from furniture coatings(7) and carpet cushions(8).

n-Tetradecane was qualitatively detected in landfill leachate(1). The gas-phase emission rates of n-tetradecane from motor vehicles, as determined in the Allegheny Tunnel on the PA Turnpike, 1979, was 1.5 mg/km for gasoline powered vehicles and 12.9 mg/km for diesel powered trucks(2). It was listed as a compound present in the exhaust of diesel powered vehicles(3). The emission rate of n-tetradecane from motor vehicles in a Los Angeles roadway tunnel in 1993 was 415.8 ug/L(4). n-Tetradecane was identified as 3.95-5.15% of the total n-alkane particulate emissions from heaty-duty diesel engines(5). The n-tetradecane emission factor from a diesel-powered medium duty truck was 629 ug/km and the n-tetradecane content of the diesel fuel was 13500 ug/g(6). The n-tetradecane emission factor from the tailpipe of gasoline-powered California vehicles was reported as 18.4 ug/km for a catalyst-equipped vehicle and 212 ug/km for a non-catalyst-equipped vehicle for a gasoline containing 13.8 ug/g n-tetradecane(7).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of n-tetradecane can be estimated to be 16,000(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-tetradecane is expected to be immobile in soil. Laboratory soil column elution experiments showed that the percent of n-tetradecane adsorbed to three different native soil types ranged from 2.2-5.98%(3).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: n-Tetradecane was qualitatively detected in the air of Belgium, 1976(1). It was detected in 2 of 2 suburban air samples near the southern Black Forest, Germany, 1985, at concentrations of 29-85 ng/cu m(2). The concentration of n-tetradecane in 36 air samples collected during a severe Los Angeles, CA photochemical smog was determined to be 8.82 ng/cu m(3). Air monitoring in the summer of 1996 in Berlin, Germany detected at average residential n-tetradecane concentration of 0.11 ug/cu m(4).

INDOOR: The mean and maximum concentration of n-tetradecane in the air of 40 homes in Oak Ridge/Knoxville, TN, 1982-3, was 6.1 ug/cu m and 22.5 ug/cu m, respectively(1). n-Tetradecane was detected in an office building in 1987 at a concentration ranging from 13-36 ug/cu m(2). n-Tetradecane was detected in 5 of 6 indoor air samples in Northern Italy, 1983-8, at concentrations ranging from not detected 22 ug/cu m(3). Indoor air sample collected from 27 buildings in Melbourne, Australia contained a geometric mean n-tetradecane concentration of 1.1-1.4 ug/cu m while the outside air geometric mean concentration was <2 ug/cu m(4). n-Tetradecane was identified, not quantified, in the indoor air from 6 of 26 buildings in Finland(5).

REMOTE/RURAL: n-Tetradecane was qualitatively identified in air samples obtained at a forest in Germany, 1988(1). It was detected in 11 of 13 forest air samples in the southern Black Forest region, Germany, 1985, at concentrations ranging from not detected to 116 ug/cu m(2,3). A rural background level of n-tetradecane outside of Berlin, Germany was reported as 0.05 ug/cu m for the summer of 1996(4).

SOURCE DOMINATED: n-Tetradecane was detected in the air of the Allegheny Tunnel on the PA Turnpike, 1979, at concentrations ranging from 2.1-4.3 ug/cu m(1). The concentration of n-tetradecane in the air of a oil shale wastewater facility was 13 ug/cu m(2).

Used as a chemical intermediate and solvent (inks and degreasing); [HSDB]

Metal Degreasing [Category: Clean]

Organic synthesis, solvent standardized hydrocarbon, distillation chaser.

Tetradecane, often as a mixture with other straight-chain alkanes, is used as building block for detergents and animal feeds, and as a solvent and destillation chaser.

CHEM INT FOR CHLORINATED PARAFFINS (C10-C30 N-PARAFFINS)

CHEM INT FOR LINEAR ALKYLBENZENES (C10-C14 N-PARAFFINS)

2023: 100,000,000 - <250,000,000 lb

(1977) AT LEAST 4.54X10+9 GRAMS

(1981) 3.16X10+11 G (TOTAL, N-PARAFFINS)

Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: Tetradecane. National Production Volume: 56,626,344 lb/yr.

By far the largest amount of saturated hydrocarbons is obtained from the natural sources natural gas and petroleum, either by isolation, e.g., fractional distillation, or by suitable conversion reactions. Additional sources include various products derived from coal processing or biomass conversion reactions, e.g., Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Saturated hydrocarbons that are unavailable from natural sources or for laboratory purposes are produced by special synthesis or by conversion processes. /Saturated hydrocarbons/

Isolated from kerosene and gas oil fractions of crude oil by selective adsorption followed by fractional distillation.

ISOLATION OF N-PARAFFINS (C9-C17) FROM KEROSENE & GAS OIL FRACTIONS OF CRUDE OIL BY SELECTIVE ADSORPTION WITH MOLECULAR SIEVES OR ADDUCTION WITH UREA FOLLOWED BY FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION TO PRODUCE THE DESIRED MIXT OF N-PARAFFINS

All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing

Tetradecane: ACTIVE