Octacosane

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: You should dampen the solid spill material with acetone, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the adsorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminate area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

500 [mg/m3]

5500 [mg/m3]

33000 [mg/m3]

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter.

Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous substances, and to the specific work-place. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 7.1X10+7(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that octacosane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of octacosane from moist soil surfaces is expected(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 870 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Octacosane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.60X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). Biodegradation oxygen consumption values of 8.2 and 7.8 ug/mL for analogous tetracosane (C24) and dotriacontane (C32), respectively, using a soil suspension(4) indicate that biodegradation of octacosane may be a slow environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 7.1X10+7(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that octacosane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 870 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5.8 hours and 7.9 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is more than 2 years if adsorption is considered(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 4.5(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 14.09(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation oxygen consumption values of 8.2 and 7.8 ug/mL for analogous tetracosane (C24) and dotriacontane (C32), respectively, using a soil suspension(6) indicate that biodegradation of octacosane may be a slow environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), octacosane, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.60X-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase octacosane will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition (SRC). Octacosane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Octacosane is a higher n-alkane containing 28 carbon atoms (C28). HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: A homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from n-C12-n-C31 was found in all samples of liver, heart, kidneys, muscle and adipose bovine tissues.

Octacosane detections in plants used in food and medicinal applications(1). /Octacosane/[Table#8381]

n-Octacosane detections in plants used in food and medicinal applications(1).[Table#8382]

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of octacosane can be estimated to be 7.1X10+7(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that octacosane is expected to be immobile in soil.

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Octacosane was detected in particulate air samples from Georgia Tech campus, GA at mean concentrations of 0.50 and 1.21 ng/cu m for summer 2005 and winter 2006, respectively(1). A mean octacosane concentration of approximately 16 ng/cu m was reported in the particulate phase of air samples collected in an urban and industrialized area in Prato, Italy during 2002(2). Octacosane concentration was 10.3 and 7.5 ng/cu m in particulate phase in the summer and winter, respectively; the concentration was 1.6 and 0.8 ng/cu m in the vapor phase in summer and winter, respectively; samples were collected in an urban area in Nagoya, Japan in 1991(3).

RURAL/REMOTE: Octacosane was detected in particulate air samples from a rural area of Yorkville, GA at mean concentrations of 0.16 and 0.88 ng/cu m for summer and winter, respectively(1).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Octacosane was detected in the gas and particle phase of tailpipe emissions from non-catalyst equipped gasoline powered motor vehicles at concentrations of 3.0 and 119 ug/km, respectively(1). Octacosane was detected at 83-420 pg/cu m with a mean of 190 pg/cu m in particulate air samples collected near a highway in Raleigh, NC; concentrations in samples collected 275 meters from the highway contained 53-530 pg/cu m with a mean of 170 pg/cu m(2). Octacosane was detected in particulate air samples from an interstate highway in Georgia at a mean concentration of 0.61 and 1.69 ng/cu m for summer and winter, respectively(3).

Catfish samples collected from seven locations in the Arabian Gulf had concentrations of C28 alkanes (possibly octacosane) ranging from not detected to 3.3 ng/g wet weight(1). Mean (range) octacosane concentrations of 235.4 (151-441), 437.4 (not detected - 993) and 72.0 (not detected - 218) ng/g dry weight were reported in marine winkle (Osilinus attratus) samples collected from three sampling stations off the Coast of Tenerife (Canary Islands) during 1990-1991(2). Mean octacosane concentrations of 189.1, 63.62 and 150.0 ng/g dry weight were reported in intertidal limpet (Patella ulyssiponensis) from 3 sampling stations in the Canary Islands during 1991-1993(3). Mean octacosane concentrations of 967.3, 182.2, and 969.1 ng/g dry weight were reported in intertidal limpet (Patella crenata) collected during May 1991-December 1993 at 3 sampling stations in the Canary Islands(4).

AEROBIC: Oxygen consumption of 8.2 and 7.8 ug/mL over 10 days was reported for straight chain alkanes tetracosane (C24) and dotriacontane (C32), respectively, using a soil suspension of Hudson-Collamer silt loam soil incubated in the dark at 25 °C(1). By analogy, these test results suggest that biodegradation rates are slow for long chain alkanes such as octacosane (C28) under these conditions(SRC).

PURE CULTURE: Using 5 different marine bacterial strains and 4 different nitrogen sources, biodegradation of petroleum oil was examined under aerobic conditions at 26 °C for 10 days; octacosane, present as a component of the petroleum oil, was degraded by 4 of 5 bacterial strains with certain nitrogen sources, consumption ranged from 6 to 96%(1).

An estimated BCF of 4.5 was calculated in fish for octacosane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 14.09 and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).