Thiometon

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Rest. Refer for medical attention .

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, NOS/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

Formulations are said to be stable for at least 2 yr when stored below 40 °C.

Rooms used for storage only should be soundly constructed & fitted with secure locks. Floors should be kept clear & pesticides clearly identified. If repacking is carried out in storage rooms, adequate light should be available; floors should be impervious & sound ... . /Pesticides/

Pesticides containers must be provided with labels indicating the degree of toxicity of the product they contain. The labels must not only give a short description of how to use the prepn, but also state basic precautions to be taken when applying it. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Pesticides of any degree of toxicity should be transported in containers which are clearly labelled, leak-proof, and not easily damaged. They should never be transported /or stored/ beside, or above any type of food, and all spillages should be immediately reported. /Pesticides/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

The pure thiometon is unstable. It is hydrolyzed in aqueous soln. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: Large amt should be incinerated in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

All organic pesticides, whether of botanical or synthetic origin, can be destroyed by incineration. /Organic pesticides/

Manufacturers or formulators of very large amounts of pesticides may find it advantageous to build incinerators adequate to destroy all organic pesticides and equipped with scrubbers to remove acid wastes. /Organic pesticides/

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

In some situations where personnel may become accidently contaminated ... it is necessary to provide shower bath in addition to the usual washing facilities. Special arrangements for cleaning clothing & overalls may be necessary ... /Pesticides/

Special aircraft should preferably be used for spraying or dusting toxic organophosphorus pesticides. ... aerial spraying or dusting gives rise to clouds which spread over larger surfaces than clouds produced by ground application. Aerial spraying should therefore be carried out on windless days only. Residential areas, water supply sources, etc must be avoided. ... When aircraft approaches, signalmen /guiding the aircraft/ should leave the windward side. ... The local population should be informed about the site & time of aerial pesticide treatment. Access of unauthorized persons & especially children to the area to be treated must be ... forbidden. Warning signs should be placed at the limits of the area. Ground spraying must be carried out with compressed-air spraying equipment towed by tractors with closed cabs. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Small packages of pesticides are preferable for individual application in order to limit the quantities to be weighed & metered. A special vessel with long stirring rod for dilution & suspension of the poison must be available in order to reduce manual handling to a minimum. The strict observance of hygiene rules--no smoking & no food intake during work. Thorough washing with soap after work, changing protective clothing before going home--is of utmost importance. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Containers ... should be cleaned with a suspension of bleaching powder in water or with other alkaline soln after soaking for 24 hr and then be rinsed with hot water. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for THIOMETON (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Testosterone reduces the hemolytic action of Ekatin on the morphotic blood elements by accelerating maturation of erythroblastic cells. Testosterone, by accelerating the metabolism of the pesticide causes a defective defence process of the organism by decreasing the number of macrophages. Intoxication of androgenized /Coturnix coturnix (pharaoh quail)/ with Ekatin leads to a breakdown of the systemic adaptive mechanism by rapid and early switching on the adrenal cortex in response to stress caused by poisoning.

Some phenothiazines may antagonize & some may potentiate the toxic anticholinesterase effects of ... /organophosphorus insecticides/. /Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors/

In long term therapy, adrenocorticoids antagonize the antiglaucoma effects of anticholinesterases (incr ocular pressure). ... Anticholinergics antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & other muscarinic effects of anticholinesterases on the autonomic & central nervous systems. Tricyclic antidepressants (anticholinergic effects) antagonize the antiglaucoma (miotic) effects of anticholinesterases in glaucoma. ... Antihistamines with anticholinergic effects antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & CNS effects of anticholinesterases. Anticholinesterases potentiate tranquilizing & behavioral changes induced by antihistamines. The actions of anticholinesterase agents on autonomic effector cells, & to some extent those on CNS, are antagonized by atropine, an antidote of choice. Barbiturates are potentiated by anticholinesterases. ... Dexpanthenol potentiates the effects of anticholinesterases. Fluorophosphate insecticides potentiate the effects of other anticholinesterases. /Anticholinesterases/

BARBITURATES ARE POTENTIATED BY ANTICHOLINESTERASES. ALTHOUGH BARBITURATES MAY BE USED CAUTIOUSLY IN TREATING CONVULSIONS, EXTREME CARE IS ESSENTIAL IN HANDLING POISONINGS DUE TO ANTICHOLINESTERASES, PARTICULARLY ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES. ECHOTHIOPHATE, A CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR USED AS MIOTIC, POTENTIATES OTHER SUCH INHIBITORS ... USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES (ADDITIVE EFFECTS) OR POSSIBLY SYNERGISTIC. THOSE EXPOSED TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES MUST TAKE STRICT PRECAUTIONS. ... ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES: ADDITIVE ANTICHOLINESTERASE EFFECTS. HAZARDOUS. PATIENTS ON ANTICHOLINESTERASES (EVEN TOPICAL, SUCH AS EYE DROPS) SHOULD AVOID AREAS WHERE ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES ... RECENTLY ... USED. /ANTICHOLINESTERASE/

ANTICHOLINESTERASE (ORGANOPHOSPHORUS) INSECTICIDES ANTAGONIZE POLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS. PHENOTHIAZINES /AND THIOXANTHENES/: ... MAY ENHANCE TOXIC EFFECTS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES. /INSECTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

LC50 Carp 13.2 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Rasbora heteromorpha (harlequin fish) 4.7 mg/l/24 hr in a flow-through bioassay

LC50 Rasbora heteromorpha (harlequin fish) 3.7 mg/l/48 hr in a flow-through bioassay

LC50 Rasbora heteromorpha (harlequin fish) 3.2 mg/l/96 hr in a flow-through bioassay

LC50 Saccobranchus fossilis 11.0 mg/l/96 hr in a static bioassay

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 240(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that thiometon will have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Based on limited data, this compound is expected to biodegrade in soil(SRC). Thiometon added to Rhine River water at 50 ug/l was nearly completely degraded within 40-50 days at 10 °C; sterile water samples did not degrade this compound(4). From soil studies, the biodegradation of thiometon will primarily result in the oxidation of the aliphatic dialkyl sulfur atom to sulfoxides and sulfones(5). Thiometon may also hydrolyze, particularly in alkaline soils, based on studies in water(4) giving rate constants for neutral and base-catalyzed hydrolysis of 1.1X10-7 /sec and 6.6X10-3 /sec, respectively(4) for this compound. Volatilization of thiometon is not expected to be significant from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from experimental values for water solubility(2) and vapor pressure(6). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) based on a measured vapor pressure of 1.7X10-5 mm Hg(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 240(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(1), indicates that thiometon is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Based on limited data, this compound is expected to biodegrade in water(SRC). Thiometon added to Rhine River water at 50 ug/l was nearly completely degraded within 40-50 days at 10 °C; sterile water samples did not degrade this compound(4). From soil studies, the biodegradation of thiometon will primarily result in the oxidation of the aliphatic dialkyl sulfur atom to sulfoxides and sulfones(5). Thiometon is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from experimental values of water solubility(2) and vapor pressure(5). This compound is expected to hydrolyze; rate constants for the neutral hydrolysis and base-catalyzed hydrolysis of thiometon were 1.1X10-7 /sec and 6.6X10-3 /M-sec at 20 °C, respectively(3). Thiometon is not expected to directly photodegrade; however, it may react with singlet oxygen in water with an estimated half-life of 1000 days for a winter day and 100 days for a summer day(4). An estimated BCF value of 30(1,SRC), from a measured water solubility(2), suggests that thiometon will not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC), according to a recommended classification scheme(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), thiometon, which has a measured vapor pressure of 1.7X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase thiometon is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 4 hours(3,SRC). Particulate-phase thiometon may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

Dizziness. Sweating. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

Abdominal cramps. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Weakness. Muscle twitching. Convulsions. Unconsciousness. Further see Inhalation.

Workers handling & applying pesticides must undergo an annual medical examination at the beginning of each agricultural season. Contraindications for work with /organophosphorus pesticides/ are organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis). The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should cease work with pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

A final diagnosis of mild to moderate acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning is rarely justified unless all of the following five conditions are present: 1. A definite history of exposure to an organophosphate pesticide. 2. A latent interval of not more than a few hours between that last exposure and the onset of illness. 3. A clinical picture in which most or all of the following signs or symptoms are present: headache, blurred vision, weakness, tightness in chest, and constricted pupils. 4. Reduction of plasma and RBC cholinesterase activity to a level substantially below 50% of baseline values. Because of the wide normal range of RBC cholinesterase in the population, symptoms may be present with reported "normal" levels. 5. An acute illness that is not substantially longer than 48 hours. The classic presentation for acute organophosphate toxicity includes history, evidence of exposure to organophosphate (garlic odor), signs/symptoms of cholinergic excess, improvement with atropine or pralidoxime, and inhibition of cholinesterase in blood. /Organophosphate pesticide poisoning/

... Surveillance of workers could be carried out through measurement of blood or urinary levels of the cmpd to which they are exposed, or through measurement of a metabolite. /Organic phosphorus pesticides/

The Koc of thiometon is estimated as approximately 240(SRC), using a measured water solubility of 200 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that thiometon has moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Rf values for thiometon in a silt loam soil at pH 4, pH 7, and pH 10 were 0.89, 0.87, and 0.23, respectively; Rf values in a sandy loam soil under the same pH conditions were 0.92, 0.88, and 0.86, respectively(4). A silt loam soil with organic matter added and one without added organic matter had Rf values of 0.87 and 0.77, respectively; a sandy loam soil with organic matter added and one without had Rf values of 0.88 and 0.91, respectively(5).

Twelve female agricultural workers exposed to thiometon were followed for at least 6 months. Changes were reported in catalase, cytochrome oxidase and ceruloplasmin and the changes persisted in some of the workers for the entire period.

All the organophosphorus insecticides have a cumulative effect by progressive inhibition of cholinesterase ... /Organophosphorus insecticides/

The symptoms of chronic poisoning due to organophosphorus pesticides include headache, weakness, feeling of heaviness in head, decline of memory, quick onset of fatigue, disturbed sleep, loss of appetite, & loss of orientation. Psychic disorders, nystagmus, trembling of the hands & other nervous system disorders can be observed in certain cases. Sometimes neuritis, paresis & paralysis develop. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Organophosphorus cmpd can produce dermal irritation but most are weak sensitizers. /Organophosphate cmpd/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for THIOMETON (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Used as systemic insecticide to protect ornamentals, fruits, vegetables, and other crops; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

Systemic insecticide against aphids, phyllids, woolly aphids, sawflies, jassids, thrips and mites.

Control of sucking insects (aphids, woolly aphids, suckers, sawfly larvae, thrips, etc.), bryobia mites, tetranychid mites, and fruit-tree red spider mites (non-OP resistant) on a wide range of crops, including ornamentals, strawberries, citrus and other fruit, swedes, turnips, brassicas, other vegetables, olives, some ornamentals.

It can be prepared by the reaction of 2-ethylthioethyl chloride with sodium O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate or by the reaction of 2-ethylthioethanol with O,O,-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorodithioate and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in the presence of an acid binding agent.

Thiometon is available as 20 and 25% emulsifiable concentrates and 2% dust.

Ekatin (emulsifible concentrate 250 g/acre/kg)

Ekatin (ULV 150 g acre/kg)

Ultra-low volume liquid and emulsifiable concentrate

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for THIOMETON (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.