Tolylfluanid

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Tolerances are established for residues of tolylfluanid, 1,1-dichloro-N-[(dimethylamino)-sulfonyl]-1-fluoro-N-(4-methylphenyl)methanesulfenamide in or on the following commodities: apple 5.0 ppm; grape 11 ppm; hop 30 ppm; and tomato 2.0 ppm. (Note: No US registration as of August 31, 2002)

LD50 Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) oral >5000 mg/kg

LC50 Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite quail) dietary >5000 mg/kg/5 days

LC50 Leuciscus idus (Golden orfe) 0.06 mg/L/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50 Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) 0.05 mg/L/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for TOLYLFLUANID (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3200(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.90(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that tolylfluanid is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of tolylfluanid from moist soil surfaces is not likely(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from a vapor pressure of 1.50X10-6 mm Hg at 20 °C(2) and a water solubility 9.00X10-1 mg/L(2). Tolylfluanid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2). Adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). The average half-life of tolylfluanid in soil has been reported as 2 days(4) and may be due to chemical hydrolysis(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3200(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.90(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that tolylfluanid is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not likely(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from a vapor pressure of 1.50X10-6 mm Hg at 20 °C(2) and a water solubility 9.00X10-1 mg/L(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 60 and 660 days, respectively(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 32 years if adsorption is considered(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 540(SRC), from a log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Tolylfluanid is expected to undergo hydrolysis based on half-lives of 12 days at pH 4, 29 hours at pH 7, and <10 minutes at pH 9(2). The half-life of tolylfluanid in water has been reported as less than 14 days(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tolylfluanid, which has a vapor pressure of 1.50X10-6 mm Hg at 20 deg(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tolylfluanid is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 22 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase tolylfluanid may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

Tolylfluanid was found in food samples tested during 1989, 1990, and 1994 FDA regulatory monitoring(1-3). Additional information was not provided. During the Danish National Pesticide Monitoring Program conducted from January 1995 to December 1996, tolylfluanid was detected in 2 out of 33 pear samples, 5 out of 72 strawberry samples, 2 out of 21 black currant samples, 2 out of 38 and 1 out of 48 tomato samples, and 1 out of 41 cucumber samples(4). The general limit of determination for analytes in this study was 0.05 mg/kg(4). Tolylfluanid was detected (mean, max, limit of detection) in 2.7% of lettuce samples (0.007 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.01 ppm), in 5.1% of tomato samples (0.014 ppm, 0.85 ppm, and 0.01 ppm), in 3.0% of lamb's lettuce samples (0.173 ppm, 13.44 ppm, 0.01 ppm), in 13.6% of currant samples (0.017 ppm, 0.3 ppm, and 0.01 ppm), in 7.8% of apple samples (0.01 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.003 ppm), in 5.4% of strawberry samples (0.034 ppm, 1.44 ppm, 0.01 ppm), and in 46.0% of pear samples (0.091 ppm, 0.86 ppm, 0.003 ppm) during a Belgian Total Diet Study(5). Tolylfluanid concentrations in the peels of pears previously treated with the fungicide were 2.9 mg/kg after 0 days, 2.8 mg/kg after 99 days, 2.4 mg/kg after 142 days, 1.6 mg/kg after 171 days, 1.3 mg/kg after 197 days, and 1.1 mg/kg after 210 days in cold storage under a controlled atmosphere(6). Concentrations in the pulp under these conditions were 0.1 mg/kg after 0 and 99 days(6). Tolylfluanid was not detected in the pulp after 99 days of cold storage(6). Tolylfluanid was detected in 1 out of 775 fresh pears at a concentration of 0.50 ppm during a study of pesticide residues in Canadian imported commodities (1992-1994)(7). A Sweedish pesticide risk reduction study listed tolylfluanid as a pesticide frequently reported as a residue in domestic fruit and vegetables between 1990 and 1994(8).

The Koc of tolylfluanid is estimated as 3200(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.90(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that tolylfluanid is expected to have slight mobility in soil.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ...Six male volunteers received a cotton-wool pad containing dry tolylfluanid on the skin of the forearm for 24 hr. No signs of irritation were observed. In a similar study, no irritation was seen on the skin of 10 male volunteers after a 24-hr exposure.

/CASE REPORTS/ ...Two cases of allergic skin disease were associated with /occupational/ exposure to tolylfluanid. Both cases resolved when the workers were not handling tolylfluanid. In the first case, prurient, pustular lesions on both forearms were seen after packing of tolylfluanid formulations; in the second case, exanthema /(eruption of skin occurring as a symptom of a disease)/ of the face and throat was seen after the worker had spent time in the packing hall. No other abnormalities were found that could be related to exposure to tolylfluanid.

An estimated BCF of 540 was calculated for tolylfluanid(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.90(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not altered physically or chemically once released into the environment.

The Henry's Law constant for tolylfluanid is estimated as 7.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 1.50X10-6 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 9.0X10-1 mg/L(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that tolylfluanid may volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 60 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 660 days(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 32 years if adsorption is considered(3). Tolylfluanid's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Tolylfluanid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Severely irritating to skin and moderately irritating to eyes (rabbits). Skin sensitizer.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In a study of skin sensitization with the Magnusson and Klingman maximization test in guinea-pigs, the concentrations of tolylfluanid (purity, 91.5%) used were 1% for intradermal induction, 0.6% for topical induction and 0.3% for topical challenge. Tolylfluanid sensitized the skin in 10 treated animals and two naive controls. In a Buehler test with a 50% solution for induction and 25% and 50% for challenge, tolylfluanid did not sensitize skin. In an open epicutaneous skin sensitization test, animals were induced with 1%, 3%, 10% or 30% on 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Challenge doses were given 4, 6 and 8 weeks later, at concentrations of 1%, 3%, 10% and 30% tolylfluanid at the first challenge, 0.03%, 0.1%, 0.3% and 1% tolylfluanid suspension at the second challenge at 6 weeks and 0.003%, 0.01%, 0.03% and 0.1% for the final challenge at 8 weeks. The number of animals with erythematous reactions and the intensity of the reaction decreased with decreasing challenge dose over the range 1-0.003%. The threshold dose for initiation of a sensitization reaction appeared to be 0.01%. Tolylfluanid was thus a skin sensitizer in guinea-pigs.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In an assay in female mice, 1% tolylfluanid /(topical)/ increased the cell count in local lymph nodes, indicating sensitization. The weight of the local lymph nodes was also increased, perhaps reflecting a response to irritation, and more lymph fluid was present in the tissue. Ear swelling and weight were also increased. Overall, the findings were consistent with a sensitization reaction, but irritation could not be ruled out

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The acute toxicity of dimethylaminosulf-para-toluidid, a metabolite of tolylfluanid (purity, 99.7%), was assessed in rats and rabbits. After oral dosing, abnormal clinical signs (apathy, prostration, sedation, dyspnea and increased urination) were apparent within 5-45 min and lasted for up to 9 days, with males affected at doses > 1000 mg/kg bw and females at doses > 500 mg/kg bw. Pale, patchy livers were noted in animals that died after oral dosing, but no lesions were found in animals that survived to the end of the 14-day observation period. After dermal dosing, disturbed behavior (unspecified) and dyspnea persisting for 3-9 days were seen. No lesions were found at necropsy. After inhalation, no signs of irritation were seen in the eyes or nose. In the ocular irritancy test in rabbits, slight conjunctival redness was seen for 24 hr after exposure, which may have been a mechanical effect. /Dimethylaminosulf-para-toluidid/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for TOLYLFLUANID (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Tolerances are established for residues of tolylfluanid, 1,1-dichloro-N-[(dimethylamino)-sulfonyl]-1-fluoro-N-(4-methylphenyl)methanesulfenamide in or on the following commodities: apple; grape; hop; and tomato. (Note: No US registration as of August 31, 2002)

Used as fungicide to protect grapes, vegetables, and ornamentals; Not currently registered with the EPA for use in the US; Manufactured in Germany for use outside the US; Not commercially produced in the US; [HSDB] A foliar fungicide for fruits, vegetables, and hops; [EFSA: Tolyfluanid - 2005]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

Not registered for use in the U.S.

For tolylfluanid (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 309200) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Fungicide; /used/ in rotation with specifically acting fungicides against Uncinula, Botrytis, plasmopara on grapes; in vegetables against Botrytis, Peronospora, and powdery mildew; in ornamentals against powdery mildew, rust, and leaf spot diseases.

Nominally 98.1% technical product.

Wettable powder, water dispersible granule.

Selected tradenames: Elvaron M; Euparen M; Euparen Multi. Mixtures: Talat (+fenhexamid); Folicur EM (+tebuconazole) (spray, Germany); Folicur Multi (+tebuconazole) (spray); Hattrick (+tebuconazole) (spray, Czech Republic, Slovakia); Melody Multi (+iprovalicarb) (Germany); Yeomji (+tebuconazole) (spray , Korea).

Pharmaceuticals

Fungicides, Wood preservatives

Environmental transformation -> Pesticides (parent, predecessor)