2,3,6-Trichlorophenol

log Kow= 3.77

3.8

NEEDLES FROM DILUTE ALCOHOL, PETROLEUM ETHER

Colorless needles

less than 1 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

SOLUBLE IN ETHANOL, ETHER, BENZENE, ACETIC ACID, PETROLEUM ETHER; SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE IN WATER

Solubility in water: none

174 °F (NTP, 1992)

78 °C

79 °C c.c.

487 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

272 °C

272 °C

253 °C @760 [mm Hg]

131 to 135 °F (NTP, 1992)

58 °C

101 °C

58 °C

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 2.3% (1 of 44) of reports.

Warning

H302 (95.5%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 44 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

T - indicates a substance that is the subject of a final TSCA section 4 test rule.

Phenol, 2,3,6-trichloro-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)

Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 79 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include painless blanching or erythema, vomiting, collapse, coma, profuse sweating, intense thirst, nausea, diarrhea, cyanosis, hyperactivity, stupor, blood pressure fall, hyperpnea, abdominal pain, hemolysis, convulsions and pulmonary edema followed by pneumonia. Other symptoms include irritation of the skin with redness and edema, eye irritation, corneal injury and iritis. The dusts cause irritation of the nose and pharynx. Exposure can cause irritation of the mucous membranes and respiratory tract, severe destruction of tissue (due to intensity and duration of exposure) and burns. Symptoms of exposure to a related compound include softening and whitening of the skin followed by development of painful burns, headache, dizziness, rapid and difficult breathing and weakness. Ingestion of a related compound causes severe burns and internal damage. Chronic exposure causes digestive disturbances, nervous disorders, skin eruptions, dermatitis, liver damage and kidney damage.

A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; May cause hyperthermia and convulsions after ingestion; [ICSC] Prolonged contact corrosive to eyes; May cause skin burns, hyperthermia, liver and kidney damage, and convulsions; [CAMEO] An irritant; Effects in high-dose animal studies include convulsions or effect on seizure threshold; [MSDSonline] See CHLOROPHENOLS.

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Chlorinated Phenols (1980) EPA 440/5-80-032.

Nat'l Research Council Canada; Chlorinated Phenols (1982) NRCC No. 18578.

Scientific Criteria Document For Standard Development. Chlorinated Phenols In The Aquatic Environment No. 2-84 (1984).

Environmental Protection Service. Chlorophenols and Their Impurities in the Canadian Environment Report EPS 3-EC-81-2 (1981).

For more Special Reports (Complete) data for 2,3,6-TRICHLOROPHENOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

F027; Discarded unused formulations containing tri-, tetra-, or pentachlorophenol or discarded unused formulations containing compounds derived from these chlorophenols are classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source and must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (see 40 CFR 261.5).

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Chlorophenols is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Chlorophenols/

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Land Spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /Trichlorophenol/

Water Spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. If dissolved, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Trichlorophenol/

ACTIVATED CARBON IS A GOOD METHOD FOR REMOVING CHLOROPHENOLS FROM WATER. COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION OCCURS BETWEEN CHLOROPHENOLS & HUMIC SUBSTANCES PRESENT IN NEARLY ALL MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES. THIS COMPETITION DECR THE CAPACITY OF CARBON FOR CHLOROPHENOLS. /CHLOROPHENOLS/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. /Trichlorophenol/

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Keep material out of water sources and sewers; Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Keep upwind; Avoid breathing vapors or dusts; Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Trichlorophenol/

It is generally accepted that chlorinated phenols will undergo photolysis in aqueous solutions as a result of ultraviolet irradiation and that photodegradation leads to the substitution of hydroxyl groups in place of the chlorine atoms with subsequent polymer formation. /Chlorinated phenols /

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a pKa of 5.8(1), 2,3,6-trichlorophenol is expected to dissociate significantly in moist soil surfaces. Based on a recommended classification scheme(2), a Koc value of 2,700(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.77(3) and a recommended regression-derived equation(4), indicates that 2,3,6-trichlorophenol is expected to have slight mobility in soil, but the mobility of the anion is expected to be greater than that of the neutral species(5). Volatilization of 2,3,6-trichlorophenol is not expected from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.3X10-7 atm-cu determined from a fragment constant estimation method(6). 2,3,6-Trichlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces given its estimated vapor pressure of 0.002 mm Hg at 25 °C(7,SRC). This compound is expected to biodegrade in soils with a biodegradation half-life of about 25 days and a lag period of 23 days as determined from a mixed culture study(8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a pKa of 5.8(1), 2,3,6-trichlorophenol is expected to dissociate significantly in most aquatic systems. Based on a recommended classification scheme(2), an estimated Koc value of 2,700(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.77(3) and a recommended regression-derived equation(4), indicates that 2,3,6-trichlorophenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC),. 2,3,6-Trichlorophenol is expected to volatilize slowly from water surfaces(4,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.3x10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from a fragment constant estimation method(5). Estimated volatilization half-lives of 2,3,6-trichlorophenol for a model river and model lake are 127 and 927 days, respectively(4,SRC). 2,3,6-Trichlorophenol is expected to undergo photolysis in surface waters with an aqueous photodegradation half-life on the order of a few hours(6). According to a classification scheme(7), the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is considered high based upon a BCF value of 400(4,SRC) determined from its log Kow(3). 2,3,6-Trichlorophenol is expected to biodegrade in water with a biodegradation half-life of about 25 days and a lag period of 23 days as determined from a mixed culture study(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,3,6-trichlorophenol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 0.002 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3,6-trichlorophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 8 days(3,SRC).

Unspecified trichlorophenol isomers were identified in flue gas condensate from municipal incinerators in the Netherlands(1). 2,3,6-Trichlorophenol was identified, not quantified, in the effluent of an electronics industry in the USA(2) and in the effluent of pulp mills in Canada(3). 2,3,6-Trichlorophenol was detected in the effluent of a sewage treatment plant in the UK at concns of 0.06-0.33 ug/l(4). 2,3,6-Trichlorophenol was detected in the effluent of a hazardous waste incinerator in Sweden at concns of 3.2, 4, and 21 ng/cu m(5). 2,3,6-Trichlorophenol was detected in the effluent of a metal reclamation facility at a concn of 0.1 ug/cu m(6).

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

Based on a pKa of 5.8(1), 2,3,6-trichlorophenol is expected to dissociate significantly in moist soil surfaces. Based on a recommended classification scheme(2), a Koc value of 2,700(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.77(3) and a recommended regression-derived equation(4), indicates that 2,3,6-trichlorophenol is expected to have slight mobility in soil, but the mobility of the anion is expected to be greater than that of the neutral species(5).

TRICHLOROPHENOLS ... PRODUCE REDNESS & EDEMA ON SKIN CONTACT & ON PROLONGED EXPOSURE EVEN MILD TO MODERATE CHEMICAL BURNS OF SKIN OF MAN. IN EYE THEY INDUCE CONJUNCTIVAL IRRITATION & SOMETIMES CORNEAL INJURY & IRITIS. DUSTS ARE IRRITATING TO NOSE & PHARYNX. SYSTEMIC EFFECTS ... PRESUMABLY RESEMBLE ... PHENOL ... . /TRICHLOROPHENOLS/

Symptoms and pulmonary function were evaluated in 7 subjects exposed to trichlorophenol. Symptoms from upper airways and chest were more common among exposed than in control subjects (60% and 10%). Significantly reduced forced expiratory flow at 75% of vital capacity and incr closing vol were measured, while other spirometric variables and the transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide were normal. Incr elastic recoil pressure of the lung and x-ray signs of lung tissue involvement were noticed in 2 subjects. The findings suggest an irritating effect on the lung of trichlorophenol, and it cannot be excluded that long-term exposure may produce pulmonary fibrosis. /Trichlorophenol/

Nineteen isomeric chlorophenols including 2,3,6-trichlorophenol were tested in the MIT-24 system for their toxicity to HeLa cells. Cytotoxicity (median inhibitory concn IC50) varied between 0.37 and 900 mg/and generally increased in proportion to the number of chlorine substituents and the partition coeff. Ortho chlorination decreased toxicity, whereas meta chlorination had the opposite effect. A good correlation was found between HeLa cell toxicity and the bacterial toxicity of the substances, indicating similarity of mechanism of action. Acute LD50 in rats did not correlate well with the cytotoxicity data.

Adverse health effects have been seen in workers exposed to chlorophenols contaminated with tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin or to products synthesized from trichlorophenol. These effects, probably due to tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin, include persistent chloracne, liver dysfunction, neuromuscular weakness, porphyria and psychological changes.

ALL /TRICHLOROPHENOLS/ ARE LESS TOXIC THAN SIMPLE PHENOL. ... SYSTEMIC EFFECTS ... PRESUMABLY RESEMBLE THOSE OF PHENOL POISONING. /TRICHLOROPHENOLS/

... Chlorinated phenols have been shown to impair the flavor of freshwater fish flesh at concentrations much lower than those at which they have a toxic effect. /Chlorinated phenols/

2,3,6-Trichlorophenol was detected in goldfish in Lake Maruetai, New Zealand at concns of 0.2-40.5 ug/g(1).

Chlorophenols may be produced inadvertently by chlorination reactions which take place during the disinfection of waste water effluents or drinking water sources. /Chlorinated phenols/

2,3,6-Trichlorophenol may be released in very small amounts as a constituent of technical grade 2,4,5-trichlorophenol(1). 2,3,6-Trichlorophenol may also form in the environment as a degradation product of some chlorinated pesticides such as 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol and pentachlorophenol(1,SRC). 2,3,6-Trichlorophenol may also be released in emissions from some municipal incinerators(2,SRC). Significant amounts may also be released to the environment as a result of the chlorination of phenol-containing wastewater or drinking water and from the bleaching process in pulp and paper mills(3,4,SRC).

Pure cultures of the bacteria KC3 degraded 2,3,6-trichlorophenol under aerobic conditions(1). An actinomycete, Rhodococcus chlorophenolious has been shown to metabolize 2,3,6-trichlorophenol(2). The aerobic biodegradation half-life of 2,3,6-trichlorophenol in a mixed bacterial culture was 25 days, with a lag time of about 23 days(3). 2,3,6-Trichlorophenol (8 uM) was completely degraded in an anaerobic batch reactor over a 6 day incubation period(4).

Analyzed for but not found in sediment samples taken from 35 sites in The Netherlands between March 1979 and March 1980, detection limit 0.2 ug/kg dry weight(1).

2,3,6-Trichlorophenol was detected in sludge samples in the UK at concns of 0.59-8.34 mg/kg(1). 2,3,6-Trichlorophenol was identified, not quantified, in sediment from Lake Ladoga, Russia(2).

F027; Discarded unused formulations containing tri-, tetra-, or pentachlorophenol or discarded unused formulations containing compounds derived from these chlorophenols are classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source and must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (see 40 CFR 261.5).

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Chlorophenols is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Chlorophenols/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

CHLORINATED PHENOLS ... ARE VERY EFFECTIVE (... IN VITRO) AS UNCOUPLERS OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION. THEY THUS PREVENT INCORPORATION OF INORGANIC PHOSPHATE INTO ATP WITHOUT EFFECTING ELECTRON TRANSPORT. AS A RESULT OF THIS ACTION, WHICH IS BELIEVED TO OCCUR @ MITOCHONDRIAL /MEMBRANE/, CELLS CONTINUE TO RESPIRE BUT SOON ARE DEPLETED OF ATP NECESSARY FOR GROWTH. /CHLOROPHENOLS/

Chlorinated phenols are used as intermediates in the synthesis of dyes, pigments, and phenolic resins. Certain chlorophenols also are used directly as flea repellents, ... mold inhibitors, antiseptics, disinfectants, and antigumming agents for gasoline. [HSDB] Used as bactericide, fungicide, and to make pesticides; [EPA OHM/TADS]

Petroleum Production and Refining [Category: Industry]

Chlorinated phenols are used as intermediates in the synthesis of dyes, pigments, and phenolic resins. Certain chlorophenols also are used directly as flea repellents, ... mold inhibitors, antiseptics, disinfectants, and antigumming agents for gasoline. /Chlorinated phenols/

CONTAMINATION WITH 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; 2,7-DICHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; 1,3,6,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; AND PENTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN AT LEVELS OF 0.07 TO 6.2 PPM.

POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS WERE IDENTIFIED IN COMMERCIAL CHLOROPHENOL FORMULATIONS. 2,4,6-TRICHLOROPHENATE SHOWED 1,2,4,6,8,9-HEXA-, 1,2,3,4,6,8-HEXA-, 1,2,4,6,7,8-HEXA-, & 1,2,4,6,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN. /CHLOROPHENOLS/

(1977) AT LEAST 4.54X10+8 GRAMS

(1981) NO EVIDENCE OF PRODN FOR SALE IN USA