Phosfolan

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

0.027 [mg/m3]

0.29 [mg/m3]

1.8 [mg/m3]

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

LD50 HOUSE SPARROW PERCUTANEOUS 18 MG/KG

LD50 HOUSE SPARROW ORAL 2.4 MG/KG

LD50 QUELEA PERCUTANEOUS 10 MG/KG

LD50 QUELEA ORAL 1.8 MG/KG

LD50 Mallard 3 mo old males oral 3.18 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 2.52-4.00 mg/kg) /Technical, 89.5%/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: IT IS NON-PERSISTENT IN SOIL ... .

TERRESTRIAL FATE: THE BIOLOGICAL HALF LIFE OF CYOLANE IN SANDY LOAM SOIL COLUMN WAS 3.5 DAYS. TOTAL CYOLANE IN DRAINAGE WATER AFTER 14 DAYS WAS 60.6% OF THE ORIGINAL AMT PLACED ON THE COLUMN. ONE HR AFTER CYOLANE WAS PLACED ON THE COLUMN, 20.62% WAS FOUND IN THE FIRST INCH, 10.08% IN THE SECOND INCH, 4.46% IN THE THIRD INCH, 4.61% IN THE FOURTH INCH, 9.50% IN THE FIFTH INCH, AND 19.46% IN THE SIXTH INCH.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If released to soil, an estimated soil adsorption coefficient of 2.8(1-2,SRC) indicates that cyolane will display very high mobility in soil(3). Cyolane may undergo slow hydrolysis in basic soils with a pH >9(2,SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: If released to water, cyolane is expected to undergo rapid sensitized photolysis(1-2). The half-life for the sunlight photolysis of cyolane is expected to range from 14-18 days in the upper layer of clear water(1). Cyclic S,S-dipropylene dithiocarbonate, 2-imino-5-methyl-1,3-dithilane, diethyl phosphate, ethyl phosphate and phosphoric acid are produced in this reaction(1). Cyolane may undergo slow hydrolysis in basic waters with a pH >9(3,SRC). An estimated bioconcentration factor of 0.32(3-4,SRC) and an estimated soil adsorption coefficient of 2.8(3-4,SRC) indicate that cyolane will not bioconcentrate in fish and aquatic organisms nor will it adsorb to sediment and suspended organic matter(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If released to the atmosphere, cyolane may undergo a rapid gas-phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. An estimated half-life for this process is 7 hours(2,SRC). It may undergo atmospheric removal by direct photolytic degradation(1,2,SRC). The water solubility of cyolane, 650,000 mg/L at 25 °C(4) indicates that it may also undergo atmospheric removal by wet deposition processes(SRC).

A soil adsorption coefficient of 2.8 can be calculated for cyolane using an appropriate regression equation(1,SRC) and its water solubility, 650,000 mg/L at 25 °C(2). This value indicates that cyolane will display very high mobility in soil(3).

WORKERS EXPOSED TO PHOSFOLAN SHOWED A HIGH REDUCTION IN CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY OF THE ERYTHROCYTES. THIS DECR IN THE ACTIVITY AT THE END OF THE FIRST HR RANGED 13.6-43.8% AND 31.1-43.8% IN THE LESS EXPOSED AND HIGHLY EXPOSED WORKERS, RESPECTIVELY. ABOUT HALF OF THE INHIBITED ENZYME ACTIVITY WAS RECOVERED AFTER 48 HR. THE RATE OF RECOVERY WAS SLOW AFTER THAT & IT TOOK APPROX 3-4 WK TO RETURN TO PREEXPOSURE LEVEL.

Symptomatology: 1. Nausea ... vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, excessive salivation ... 2. Headache, giddiness, vertigo & weakness. 3. Rhinorrhea & sensation of tightness in chest are common in inhalation exposure. 4. Blurring or dimness of vision, miosis ... Tearing, ciliary muscle spasm, loss of accommodation & ocular pain ... Mydriasis ... sometimes seen ... probably due to sympatho-adrenal discharge. 5. Bradycardia or tachycardia. Varying degrees of AV heart block are described, as well as atrial arrhythmias. 6. Loss of muscle coordination, slurring of speech, fasciculations & twitching of muscles (particularly of tongue & eyelids, & generalized profound weakness. 7. Mental confusion, disorientation & drowsiness. 8. Difficulty in breathing, excessive secretion of saliva & of resp tract mucus, oronasal frothing, cyanosis, pulmonary rales & rhonchi & hypertension (presumably due to asphyxia). 9. Random jerky movements, incontinence, convulsions, & coma. 10. Death primarily due to resp arrest arising from failure of resp center, paralysis of resp muscles, intense bronchoconstriction or all three. /Parathion/

A bioconcentration factor of 0.32 can be calculated for cyolane using an appropriate regression equation(1,SRC) and its water solubility, 650,000 mg/L at 25 °C(2). This value indicates that cyolane will not bioconcentrate in fish and aquatic organisms(SRC).

IN 90-DAY FEEDING TRIALS DOGS RECEIVING 1 MG/KG DAILY SHOWED NO CLINICAL SYMPTOMS.

CYOLANE-TREATED ALFALFA HAY WAS FED TO COW 1 YR AFTER TREATMENT OF ALFALFA. CHOLINESTERASE WAS DEPRESSED & DID NOT RETURN TO NORMAL LEVELS UNTIL 3 MO AFTER FEEDING OF CYOLANE-CONTAMINATED HAY HAD BEEN DISCONTINUED.

Signs of intoxication /in mallards/: Polydipsia, ataxia, wings spread, wing-drop, falling, prostration, using wings for pedestrian locomotion, immobility, wing tremors, bradypnea, dyspnea, spasms, tonic convulsions, terminal wing-beat convulsions and opisthotonos. Signs appeared as soon as 8 min and mortalities usually occurred about 30 min after treatment. Prolonged signs included asthenia and myasthenia. Remission took up to 1 wk. /Technical, 85.9%; oral admin/

MUSCARINIC SIGNS OF /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS CMPD/ ... CONSIST OF HYPERSALIVATION, LACRIMATION, SWEATING & NASAL DISCHARGE. MIOSIS, DYSPNEA, VOMITING, DIARRHEA & FREQUENCY OF URINATION ... NICOTINIC EFFECTS CONSIST OF FASCICULATION OF MUSCLES, WEAKNESS & PARALYSIS. THE CENTRAL EFFECTS INCL NERVOUSNESS, APPREHENSION, ATAXIA, CONVULSIONS & COMA. DEATH IS DUE TO RESP FAILURE, OR SOMETIMES CARDIAC ARREST. THERE IS LITTLE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SYMPTOMS PRODUCED BY DIFFERENT ... CMPD, BUT ROUTE OF ABSORPTION MAY INFLUENCE ONE SYSTEM MORE THAN ANOTHER. /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS CMPD/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CYOLANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The half-lives for the sunlight photolysis of cyolane in distilled water and rice patty water were 18 days and 14 days(1). The products of this photosensitized reaction were cyclic S,S-dipropylene dithiocarbonate, 2-imino-5-methyl-1,3-dithilane, diethyl phosphate, ethyl phosphate and phosphoric acid(1). Aqueous solutions of cyolane initially at a concn of approx 1500 mg/g decreased to approx 100 mg/g after 300 hours of irradiation by Egyptian sunlight(2). Photolysis on leaf surfaces was slower than that observed in water(2). Cyolane is stable to hydrolysis under neutral and acidic pHs (> pH 2) but slowly decomposes at pHs >9(3). An estimated rate constant for the gas-phase reaction of cyolane with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals of 5.4X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec(4,SRC) translates to an atmospheric half-life of 7 hours(SRC) using an average atmospheric hydroxyl radical concn of 5X10-5 molec/cu m(4).

Cyolane is an anthropogenic compound which was considered as a systemic a systemic insecticide. It could be released to the enivornment if it were produced, formulated or used as an insecticide. If released to soil, it is expected to display very high mobility. Cyolane may undergo slow hydrolysis in basic soils with a pH >9. If released to water, cyolane is expected to undergo rapid sensitized photolysis. The half-life for the sunlight photolysis of cyolane in the upper layer of clear water is expected to range from 14-18 days. Cyolane may undergo slow hydrolysis in basic waters with a pH >9. Cyolane is not expected to bioconcentrate in fish and aquatic organisms nor will it adsorb to sediment and suspended organic matter. If released to the atmosphere, cyolane may undergo a rapid gas-phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals at an estimated half-life of 7 hours. It may also undergo atmospheric removal by direct photolytic degradation and by wet deposition processes. Occupational exposure to cyolane may occur by dermal contact during its production, formulation or use. (SRC).

LD50 CHICKEN ORAL 5.2 MG/KG

LD50 Rat oral 8.9 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit dermal 23 mg/kg