Sodium Sulfide

Other Classes -> Sulfur Compounds

Corrosives

1.856 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.856 @ 14 °C/4 °C

1.86 g/cm³

1.856 @25 °C

CLEAR CRYSTALS; YELLOW OR BRICK-RED LUMPS OR FLAKES

CUBIC CRYSTALS OR GRANULES

AMORPHOUS, YELLOW-PINK OR WHITE CRYSTALS

Yellow or brick-red lumps or flakes or deliquescent crystals.

White to pink, crystalline solid.

Slightly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in ether.

Solubility in water (g/100 g water): 8.1 (-9.0 °C); 12.4 (0 °C); 18.6 (20 °C); 29.0 (40 °C); 35.7 (48 °C); 39.0 (50 °C).

When heated to decomp ... emits toxic fumes of /sulfur oxides and disodium oxide/.

920-950 °C

1180 °C (IN VACUO)

1172 °C

Danger

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating sulfur dioxide is produced in fire. (USCG, 1999)

· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.

· Flammable/combustible material.

Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

MOIST SODIUM SULFIDE IS SPONTANEOUSLY FLAMMABLE UPON DRYING IN AIR.

Combustible solid.

Caustic action on skin and eyes. If ingested may liberate hydrogen sulfide in stomach. (USCG, 1999)

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.

· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

Hydrogen sulfide released slowly when exposed to moist air and rapidly when exposed to acids; Sulfur oxides and hydrogen sulfide may be generated during a fire; Corrosive to the eyes and skin; [CHEMINFO] Corrosive; Inhalation of high concentration can cause chemical pneumonitis; [MSDSonline] See Hydrogen sulfide.

1849 153

1385 135

SODIUM SULFIDE is a white to yellow crystalline material, flammable. Can explode on rapid heating or when shocked. Violent reaction with carbon, charcoal, diazonium salts, N,N-dichloromethylamine, strong oxidizers, water. On contact with acids it liberates highly toxic and flammable hydrogen sulfide gas. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of sodium oxide, and oxides of sulfur [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 1729].

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

Use water in large amounts, water spray, foam, dry powder.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

INGESTION: give water; induce vomiting; call a doctor.

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors & toxic decomp products. Use flooding quantities of water. Do not use carbon dioxide.

Flood with water. /sodium sulfide, anhydrous or sodium sulfide; sodium sulfide, hydrated with not less than 30% water/

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty. Use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources./sodium sulfide solutions containing sodium hydrosulfide; sodium sulfide solutions containing sodium hydroxide/

Approach release from upwind. Keep water away from release. Prompt cleanup & removal are necessary. Shovel dry material into suitable dry container. Control runoff & isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

The catalyst activities for Na2S oxidation in aqueous soln were examined for various materials such as activated C, C black, ferric salts, hydroquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone-2-sulfonic acid sodium salt, 1,4-naphthoquinone and their mixed systems. These catalyst systems are all active and, applied to wastewater and sludge treatments, gave good results.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Remove all ignition sources. Cover the spilled material with dry earth or sand. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.

Cough. Burning sensation. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain. Skin burns. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.

...SODIUM SULFIDE MAY PRODUCE CAUSTIC BURNS...

CONTACT OF SODIUM SULFIDE WITH WORKMEN'S EYES HAS BEEN NOTED TO CAUSE BURNS WHICH MAY BE SLOW HEALING, OWING PRESUMABLY TO STRONG ALKALINITY.

IF FREE GASTRIC ACIDITY IS HIGH, INGESTION...MAY RESULT IN...DECOMP TO HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN STOMACH, WITH SUBSEQUENT SYSTEMIC POISONING. IN ANY CASE ALKALINE SULFIDES ARE STRONG LOCAL IRRITANTS TO MUCOUS MEMBRANE (& SKIN). /SULFIDE SALTS/

SOME OF SYMPTOMS ASSOC WITH SODIUM SULFIDE INTOXICATION MAY BE ATTRIBUTABLE TO HYDROGEN SULFIDE RELEASED IN STOMACH.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM SULFIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

For advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: To keep open, "minimal flow rate"/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of pulmonary edema. Consider vasopressors to treat hypotension without signs of hypovolemia ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . In severe cases use amyl nitrite and sodium nitrite ... as described for cyanide poisoning; omit the sodium thiosulfate injection. Early administration will be the most effective. DIRECT PHYSICIAN ORDER ONLY ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . For basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Treat with rapid rewarming techniques ... if frostbite occurs. /Hydrogen sulfide and related compounds/

LD50 Rat oral 208 mg/kg

LD50 Rat ipr 147 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 205 mg/kg

The iv admin of Na2S at doses comparable to those absorbed during balneotherapy causes a significant reduction of bile flow in the anesthetized rat. The effect, different from that caused by acetylcholine, is completely inhibited and reverted by papaverine and not by atropine. Na2S possesses myotropic properties and the reduction of bile flow may be due to a spasmodic effect on the smooth muscle of biliary canaliculi.

NEITHER H2S2 NOR ANY VOLATILE SULFUR METABOLITES WERE FOUND IN EXPIRED BREATH OF MICE GIVEN SODIUM SULFIDE IP IN DOSES UP TO LD50. DETECTION SYSTEM WAS SENSITIVE TO LESS THAN 0.1% OF SULFUR IN GIVEN DOSES.

SODIUM...SOL SULFIDES ARE PROMPTLY & COMPLETELY HYDROLYZED IN BODY FLUIDS... /SULFIDE/

Heparinized rat blood containing sodium (35)S-sulfide was perfused through isolated rat lungs, kidney or liver. The rate and extent of sulfide oxidation varied from one organ to another. In the isolated perfused lung system, (35)S-sulfide was oxidized slowly to (35)S-thiosulfate; only small amounts of (35)S-sulfate were detectable, possibly due to the absence of sulfide oxidase. In the isolated perfused kidney system, (35)S-sulfide was oxidized to (35)S-sulfate with (35)S-thiosulfate as a possible intermediate. In liver perfusion expt, (35)S-sulfide was oxidized rapidly and almost exclusively to (35)S-sulfate. The addition of unlabeled thiosulfate inhibited the formation of (35)S-sulfate and caused the release of (35)S-thiosulfate from the isolated liver. Thiosulfate is an intermediate in sulfide oxidation to sulfate. A mechanism for the rapid oxidation of sulfide to thiosulfate was present in rat liver mitochondria and, in the presence of glutathione, the thiosulfate was oxiized to sulfate.

ALKALI SULFIDES ARE RAPIDLY ABSORBED FROM INTESTINE. IT IS DOUBTFUL WHETHER SKIN ABSORBS ENOUGH TO CAUSE SYSTEMIC POISONING. /SULFIDES/

THE SULFIDE RADICAL IS IN PART EXCRETED BY LUNGS AND KIDNEYS AND AS METALLIC SULFIDES...BY THE BOWEL, AND IN PART OXIDIZED TO SULFATE AND THIOSULFATE AND EXCRETED BY THE KIDNEYS. /SULFIDES/

Used to make pulp and paper, to dehair hides, to treat ores (flotation agent), to precipitate metals from wastewater and sludge, to remove nitrogen oxides from gas streams, to polymerize styrene-butadiene, and to manufacture other chemical products; Used in engraving, lithography, cotton printing, and photography; [CHEMINFO]

Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry]

Lithography printing [Category: Hobbies]

In prodn of heavy water for nuclear reactors

MEDICATION (VET)

In dehairing hides and wool pulling; desulfurizing viscose rayon; in the manufacture of rubber, sulfur dyes; in ore flotation, metal refining, engraving, cotton printing, as chemical intermediate, as laboratory reagent; in paper-pulping process.

(1972) NEGLIGIBLE

(1975) NEGLIGIBLE

23% IS USED AS A DEPILATORY AGENT IN THE LEATHER INDUST; 21% AS AN INT FOR COLORS AND DYES; 16% AS AN INT FOR MISC CHEMS; 16% FOR THE PREPN OF RAYON AND CELLOPHANE FILM; 15% AS A FLOTATION AGENT IN ORE TREATMENT; AND 8% IN THE PREPN OF PULP AND PAPER (1968)

About 65% of 1990 U.S. sodium sulfide usage was in the leather industry for dehairing hides before tanning; 25% of 1990 U.S. sodium sulfide usage was in the production of miscellaneous chemicals.

BY HEATING SODIUM ACID SULFATE WITH SALT & COAL TO ABOVE 950 °C, EXTRACTION WITH WATER, & CRYSTALLIZATION.

Sodium carbonate + barium sulfide (reaction); sodium sulfate + coal (reduction); sodium amalgam + sulfur (reaction); gasoline, catalytic-cracker (alkali extraction/acidification; coproduced with cresylic acid).

Best prepared from the elements in liquid ammonia, also obtained by dehydration of the nonahydrate: Courtois, Compt Rend 207, 1220 (1938); Klemm et al, Z Anorg Allgem Chem 241, 281 (1939); Feher in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, vol 1, G. Brauer, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 2nd ed , 1963) pp 358-60.

GRADES: FLAKE; FUSED; CHIP SULFIDE (60% NA2S), 60% FUSED & BROKEN; 30% CRYSTALS; LIQUID.

Available commercially as fused, hydrated crystals containing 30-34% sodium sulfide or as flakes containing 60-62% sodium sulfide.