Uranyl sulfate

1. Ventilate area of spill. 2. Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers for reclamation ... Liquid containing soluble uranium compound should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or similar material. /soluble and insoluble uranium compound, as uranium/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Disposal of ... wastes /containing uranium/ should follow guidelines set forth by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. /Uranium & cmpd/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. /Trihydrate/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place. /Trihydrate/

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. /Uranium (soluble compounds, as U)/

The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc. /Uranium (soluble compounds, as U)/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for URANIUM OXYSULFATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Intermediate Inhalation: 0.0004 mg/m3 (Soluble uranium salts) (L134) Chronic Inhalation: 0.0003 mg/m3 (Soluble uranium salts) (L134) Intermediate Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (Soluble uranium salts) (L134) Intermediate Inhalation: 0.008 mg/m3 (Insoluble uranium compounds) (L134)

0.2 [mg/m3], as U

0.6 [mg/m3], as U

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.2 mg/cu m; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 0.6 mg/cu m. /Uranium (natural), soluble & insoluble compounds, as U/

A1; Confirmed human carcinogen. /Uranium (natural), soluble & insoluble compounds, as U/

Approved dust respirator; goggles or face shield; protective clothing (USCG, 1999)

Approved dust respirator /self contained breathing apparatus/; goggles or face shield; protective clothing. /Trihydrate/

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /Uranium (soluble compounds, as U)/

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. /Uranium (soluble compounds, as U)/

Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. (Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.) /Uranium (soluble compounds, as U)/

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for URANIUM OXYSULFATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

Uranium primarily damages the kidney, but may also damage the lungs, central nervous system, and immune system. Uranium's radioactivity is believed to damage the DNA, resulting in carcinogenic effects and reproductive and developmental damage. (L248, L249)

Uranium is combined with either bicarbonate or a plasma protein in the blood but once in the kidney, it is released and forms complexes with phosphate ligands and proteins in the tubular wall, causing damage. Uranium may also inhibit both sodium transport-dependent and independent ATP utilization and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the renal proximal tubule. Uranium causes respiratory diseases by damaging alveolar epithelium type II cells in the lungs. Uranium induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation, which in turn induces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion and generates and inflammatory response in the lungs. Studies have shown that the more soluble the uranium salt, the more toxic it is. Ionizing radiation produced by uranium damages the DNA, resulting in gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. This can both both initiate and promote carcinogenesis, and interfere with reproduction and development. (L249, A160)

... Arrange for periodic medical examination of persons in contact with uranium and its disintegration products. Monitoring of the uranium content of biological media is required. Persons employed in industrial operations with uranium and exposed to the action of radon should have periodical chest x-ray examinations. The intervals between examinations should be planned with regard to the conditions of work. /Uranium, alloy and compounds/

A complete history and physical examination: The purpose is to detect existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk, and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring. Exam of respiratory system, blood, liver, lymphatic system, and kidneys should be stressed. Skin should be examined for evidence of chronic disorders. A complete blood count: Since uranium is deposited in the bone & is an alpha particle emitter, the function of the bone marrow is at risk. A complete blood count should be performed incl a red cell count, a white cell count, a differential count of a stained smear, as well as hemoglobin and hematocrit. ... Surveillance of the lung is indicated. Urinalysis: Although not reported with insol uranium cmpd, kidney damage has been reported due to uranium exposure. A urinalysis should be performed, including at a minimum specific gravity, albumin, glucose, & microscopic of centrifuged sediment. Periodic medical exam: The aforementioned medical examination should be repeated on an annual basis. In addition, a determination of urinary uranium levels should be performed at any time overexposure is suspected or signs and symptoms of toxicity occur. /Uranium and insol compounds (as uranium)/

Practical recommendations for biologic monitoring of exposure: Chemical agent: uranium; reference value < 0.3 ug/g creatinine in urine; reference value < 0.01 ug/100 mL in blood. /Uranium compounds, as U, from table/

Because of its rapid and substantial urinary excretion, the concentration of uranium in urine can form the basis of assessing intake. Once measurements in urine have been made, biokinetic models may then be used to calculate intake. However, for inhalation, lack of informationon the temporal pattern of exposure and chemical form and variation in natural excretion (e.g. reported urine concentrations of 0.0128 ug/L as an average for "unexposed individuals" vs observed values of 0.004 to 0.058 ug/L) can result in appreciable errors in such estimates. ... The occupational exposure decision level used for uranium workers at one facility in the U.S. is 0.8 ug/L of uranium in urine. This value assumes an acute inhalation intake of moderately soluble uranium and a 60 day urine sampling frequency. For investigational puropses, a value of 4 ug/L of urine is used for U.K. workers. /Radioactive uranium/

For more Medical Surveillance (Complete) data for URANIUM OXYSULFATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ For sol uranium cmpd: lacrimation, conjunctivitis; short breath, coughing, chest rales; nausea, vomiting; skin burns ... albuminuria, lymphatic cancer. /Sol uranium cmpd/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The high chemical toxicity of uranium and its salts is largely shown in kidney damage, which may not be reversible. Acute arterial lesions may occur after acute exposures. /Uranium and salts/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ There are two hazards connected with exposure to uranium compounds: the renal damage caused by the chemical toxicity of soluble uranium compound, and the injury caused by the ionizing radiation resulting from the disintegration of uranium isotopes. Which of these two hazards will be limiting factor for exposure to uranium compounds depends on the solubility of the compound, its route of administration and its isotope composition. The isotope most dangerous from the point of view of radiation, 235-uranium comprises <1% of natural uranium, but is enriched during the production of nuclear fuels. Higher fractions of 235-uranium increase the irradiation risk. As retention time in the body is the important factor for the radiological damage, exposure to insoluble particles that are deposited and retained in lung for long time constitues a radiological hazard. ...Chemical toxicity... will be the limiting factor after exposure to soluble uranium compounds, when large quantities of the element will pass through the kidney. /Soluble uranium compounds/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ All soluble uranium compounds are lethal when applied in a single dose to the skin of rabbits, either in various vehicles or without vehicle (UCl4, UCl5) ... . Soluble uranium compounds may be lethal when placed in the conjunctival sac of the rabbit eye ... /Soluble uranium salts/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Acute renal failure can be produced in dogs by iv injection of 10 mg/kg body weight of uranyl salt. The failure is partly mediated by an imbalance of the vasoconstriction (angiotensin) and vasodilating factors (prostaglandin). /Uranyl salt/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In intermediate-duration studies with guinea pigs, mice, rats, cats, rabbits, and dogs, inhalation exposures to a variety of uranium compounds were damaging to the kidneys. The effects were compound- and concentration-dependent and ranged from minimal microscopic lesions in tubular epithelium, increased urinary catalase, decreased diodrast (iodopyracet) clearance, and transient increased bromosulfalein retention (for low concentrations) to severe necrosis of the tubular epithelium (for high concentrations) in several species. /Uranium compounds/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Neurological signs and pathological changes in cerebral and cerebellar cortices have been observed in rabbits exposed to soluble uranium salts. ... Epithelial degeneration of the choroid plexi in the brains of dogs exposed to toxic doses of soluble uranium salts /have been noted/. /Soluble uranium compound/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for URANIUM OXYSULFATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Populations susceptible to uranium toxicosis would include people with impaired renal function. People with stomach ulcers are thought to have elevated absorption of some toxic metals and might be unusually susceptible to uranium toxicity.

Humans who excrete acidic urine may be more sensitive to uranium-induced kidney injury.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... Perform routine emergency care for associated injuries. For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously during transport ... Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a good gag reflex, and does not drool ... Perform routine BLS care as necessary. /Radioactives I, II, and III/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... Start an IV with lactated Ringer's to support vital signs. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... Perform routine advanced life support care as needed. Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... /Radioactives I, II, and III/

Decontamination. 1. Exposure to particle-emitting solids or liquids. The victim is potentially highly contaminating to rescuers, transport vehicles, and attending health personnel. 1. Remove victims from exposure, and if their conditions permit, remove all contaminated clothing and wash the victims with soap and water. b. All clothing and cleansing water must be saved, evaluated for radioactivity, and properly disposed of. c. Rescuers should wear protective clothing and respiratory gear to avoid contamination. At the hospital, measures must be taken to prevent contamination of facilities and personnel. d. Induce vomiting or perform gastric lavage if radioactive material has been ingested. Administer activated charcoal, although its effectiveness is unknown. Certain other adsorbent materials may also be effective. e. Contact Radiation Emergency Assistance Center & Training Site (REAC/TS/: telephone (865) 576-3131 or (865) 481-1000)/ and the state radiologic health department for further advice. In some exposures, unusually aggressive steps may be needed (eg, lung lavage for significant inhalation of plutonium). 2. Electromagnetic radiation exposure. The patient is not radioactive and does not pose a contamination threat. There is no need for decontamination once the patient has been removed from the source of exposure, unless electromagnetic radiation emitter fragments are embedded in body tissues. /Radiation (Ionizing)/

Monitoring of accidental uranium exposures and its effects on the kidney is accomplished by measurement of the uranium excreted in the urine and abnormalities in the clinical urinalyses . Glucose and albumin in urine are among the most sensitive indicators of kidney damage. ...Urinary excretion of gamma-glutamyltransferase /has been found/ to be the most sensitive indicator. These various indicators of renal injury can be assessed within a few hours of exposure to dose levels of at least 0.1 mg of uranium/kg. /Uranium compounds/

(AZ) ARIZONA 30 ug/L /Uranium/

(MA) MASSACHUSETTS 20 ug/L /Uranium/

(ME) MAINE 20 ug/L /Uranium/

Used in nuclear reactors; [HSDB]

Used in Nuclear reactors

Uranyl sulfate is used as a negative stain in electron microscopy. (L258)

Uranium, dioxo[sulfato(2-)-.kappa.O]-: ACTIVE

Uranium is a chemical hazard as well as a radiological hazard.