Manganese tetroxide
Basic information
- CAS
1317-35-7- Standard SMILES
[Mn].[O]=[Mn][OH].[O]=[Mn][OH]- InChIKey
AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L- Molecular formula
- H2Mn3O4
- Average molar mass
- 230.828 g/mol
- Monoisotopic mass
- 230.809438
Overview
Manganese oxide is an oxide of manganese where the manganese is present in both the 2+ and 3+ oxidation states. It is found in nature as the mineral hausmannite and is used as a starting material in the production of soft ferrites and lithium manganese oxide, as well as in lithium batteries. Manganese is a naturally occurring metal with the symbol Mn and the atomic number 25. It does not occur naturally in its pure form, but is found in many types of rocks in combination with other substances such as oxygen, sulfur, or chlorine. Manganese occurs naturally in most foods and small amounts are needed to stay healthy, as manganese ions act as cofactors for a number of enzymes. (L228, L229, L238)
Names & identifiers
- Preferred name
- Manganese tetroxide
- IUPAC
- hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese
- English name
- Trimanganese tetraoxide
- Molecular formula
- Mn3O4-2
- Molecular weight
- 228.81
Names & synonyms
MANGANESE TETROXIDETrimanganese tetroxideEINECS 215-266-5EC 215-266-5RefChem:809884Manganese (II,III) oxideManganese tetroxide (ACGIH)MANGANESE OXIDE; (MANGANESE TETROXIDE)MANGANESE TETRAOXIDEhydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganeseM 34UNII-70N6PQL9JS
Show more names
MANGANESE OXIDEHausmanniteTrimangantetraoxidhydroxy(oxo)manganeseManganese(II,IV) oxideMn70%min.Manganese(II,III)Trimanganese tetraox
Manganese oxide (II, III)Manganese(II,III) oxide, 97%AKOS015903591NCGC00166257-02NCGC00166257-03NS00074376215-266-5
Database identifiers
- CAS
1317-35-7- PubChem CID
- 14825
Properties
Computed structural properties
- Topological polar surface area
- 74.6 Ų
- Hydrogen bond donors
- 2
- Hydrogen bond acceptors
- 4
- Rotatable bonds
- 0
- Heavy atoms
- 7
- Formal charge
- 0
- Complexity
- 27.9
Experimental & physicochemical properties
Polymers
Plastics -> Pigments agents
Plastics -> N.a.
Physicochemical properties
- Melting point
- 1705 °C · 1705°C
- Density
- 4.8 g/mL · 4.8 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
- vapor pressure
- 0 Pa · 0Pa at 25℃
- solubility
- 2 O; · insoluble in H2O; soluble in HCl
- form
- Powder
- color
- brown
- Specific Gravity
- 4.856 · 4.856
- Water Solubility
- 2 O · insoluble H2O [KIR81]; soluble HCl, releasing Cl2 [MER06]
- Thermal Conductivity
- 4.184 W/ · 4.184 W/(m·K)
- Specific Heat Capacity
- 0.61 J/ · Cp(crystal): 0.61 J/(g·K), at 25℃
- Merck
- 13 · 13,5759
- crystal system
- square
- Space group
- 41 · I41/amd
Safety & regulation
Safety information is for reference only and does not replace the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS), applicable regulations, or professional assessment.
Safety & protection
Minimum Risk LevelChronic Inhalation: 0.0003 mg/m3 (L134)
Toxicology
Treatment
EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.
Health Effects
Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228)
Exposure RoutesOral (L228) ; inhalation (L228)
Toxicity Summary
Manganese is a cellular toxicant that can impair transport systems, enzyme activities, and receptor functions. It primarily targets the central nervous system, particularily the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia. It is believed that the manganese ion, Mn(II), enhances the autoxidation or turnover of various intracellular catecholamines, leading to increased production of free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and other cytotoxic metabolites, along with a depletion of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to oxidative damage and selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons. In addition to dopamine, manganese is thought to perturbations other neurotransmitters, such as GABA and glutamate. In order to produce oxidative damage, manganese must first overwhelm the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase. The neurotoxicity of Mn(II) has also been linked to its ability to substitute for Ca(II) under physiological conditions. It can enter mitochondria via the calcium uniporter and inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. It may also inhibit the efflux of Ca(II), which can result in a loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity. Mn(II) has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial aconitase activity to a significant level, altering amino acid metabolism and cellular iron homeostasis. (L228)
Chemistry & industry
Pharmacology
Metabolism/Metabolites
Manganese is absorbed mainly via ingestion, but can also be inhaled. It binds to alpha-2-macroglobulin, albumin, or transferrin in the plasma and is distributed to the brain and all other mammalian tissues, though it tends to accumulate more in the liver, pancreas, and kidney. Manganese is capable of existing in a number of oxidation states and is believed to undergo changes in oxidation state within the body. Manganese oxidation state can influence tissue toxicokinetic behavior, and possibly toxicity. Manganese is excreted primarily in the faeces. (L228)
Uses & manufacturing
UsesManganese oxide is used as a starting material in the production of soft ferrites and lithium manganese oxide, as well as in lithium batteries. (L238)
Use Classification
Plastics -> Pigments agents
Plastics -> Polymer Type -> N.a.
Applications
UsesTextile printing, analytical chemistry, catalyst in manufacture of allyl alcohol, ceramics, paints, colored glass, bleaching tallow, animal feeds, fertilizers, food additive and dietary supplement.
General DescriptionManganese(II,III) oxide is a transition metal oxide that is formed by annealing manganese oxide in the air above 1000°C. It can be used for a variety of applications such as catalysis, electrochromic devices, and other energy storage applications.
Preparation methods
PreparationManganese(II,III) oxide is made by heating manganese(IV) oxide, MnO2, or manganese(III) oxide, Mn2O3, above 950°C. When Mn2O3 is heated in air, the temperature should be above 940°C, but if heated in oxygen, the temperature should be above 1,090°C. Also, heating manganese(III) oxide at 230°C in hydrogen yields Mn3O4. However, further heating above 300°C converts Mn3O4 formed to green manganese(II) oxide, MnO. Manganese(II,III) oxide also is obtained by heating the dioxide, MnO2, with carbon at 600 to 700°C.
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