2-Chlorostyrene

1.1 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.1 @ 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.1

1.10

1.10

Liquid

Colorless liquid.

less than 1 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

SOL IN ALC, ETHER, ACETONE, ACETIC ACID, PETROLEUM ETHER

SOL IN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

Solubility in water: very poor

Insoluble

138 °F (NTP, 1992)

58 °C

58 °C c.c.

138 °F

138 °F

371.7 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

188.7 °C @ 760 mm Hg

188.7 °C

372 °F

372 °F

-81.7 °F (NTP, 1992)

-63.1 °C

-63.2 °C

-81.7 °F

-82 °F

0.96 mmHg at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

0.96 [mmHg]

9.6X10-1 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 25 °C: 0.13

0.96 mmHg at 77 °F

(77 °F): 0.96 mmHg

Danger

H226 (89.8%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]；H315 (16.3%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]；H319 (16.3%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]；H332 (83.7%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]；H335 (12.2%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]；H350 (83.7%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 49 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.；Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

o-Chlorostyrene: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

This compound is combustible. (NTP, 1992)

Flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 58 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for o-Chlorostyrene:；Exposure Routes: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact；Symptoms: In Animals: irritation eyes, skin; hematuria (blood in the urine), proteinuria, acidosis; enlarged liver, jaundice；Target Organs: Eyes, skin, liver, kidneys, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system (NIOSH, 2024)

Potential adverse effects are similar to those from exposure to styrene; Mild changes in liver and kidney histopathology in chronic animal experiments; [ACGIH]

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of o-chlorostyrene stem from its toxicologic properties. Exposure to this liquid may occur from its production and use in the manufacture of polychlorostyrene. OSHA has established a time weighted average (TWA) limit of 50 ppm as a final rule to become effective December 31, 1992. Engineering controls should be used to maintain airborne levels of o-chlorostyrene at or below the permissible limit. If exposure should occur, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes, and wash exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water. Before implementing land disposal of o-chlorostyrene waste, consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance.

On combustion, forms toxic gases including hydrogen chloride and phosgene. The substance can form explosive peroxides under specific circumstances. The substance may polymerize under the influence of acids and bases. This generates fire or explosion hazard.

Fires involving this compound should be controlled using a Halon carbon dioxide, or dry chemical extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.；SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.；INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.；INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)；Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.；Skin: Soap wash - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.；Breathing: Respiratory support；Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.；STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:；IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.；LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).；FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 860(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that o-chlorostyrene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of o-chlorostyrene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). The potential for volatilization of o-chlorostyrene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.96 mm Hg(4).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 860(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that o-chlorostyrene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hrs and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 100(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 3.54(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), o-chlorostyrene, which has a vapor pressure of 0.96 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase o-chlorostyrene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone(SRC); the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 14 and 13 hrs, respectively(SRC), calculated from rate constants of 2.8X10-11 and 2.1X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec, respectively at 25 °C(SRC) derived using a structure estimation method(3).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

In Animals: irritation eyes, skin; hematuria (blood in the urine), proteinuria, acidosis; enlarged liver, jaundice

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for o-chlorostyrene can be estimated to be 860(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that o-chlorostyrene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 100 was calculated for o- chlorostyrene(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.54(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for o-chlorostyrene is estimated as 2.1X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that o-chlorostyrene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 hrs(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). o-Chlorostyrene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of o-chlorostyrene from dry soil surfaces may exist (SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.96 mm Hg(3).

GROUPS OF 24 RATS, 3 RABBITS, 12 GUINEA PIGS, & 1 DOG OF EACH SEX WERE EXPOSED 7 HR/DAY, 5 DAYS/WK FOR A TOTAL OF 130 EXPOSURES IN 180 DAYS TO ... AN AVG CONCN OF 101 PPM (VOL/VOL). ON BASIS OF APPEARANCE, GROWTH, DEMEANOR, MORTALITY, HEMATOLOGY, BUN, ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE, SGPT, BROMSULPHALEIN, ORGAN WT, & GROSS PATHOLOGICAL EXAM, THERE WERE NO ADVERSE EFFECTS ON ANY SPECIES. MICROSCOPIC EXAM OF RABBITS, GUINEA PIGS, RATS, & DOGS INDICATED NO CLEAR-CUT EFFECT DUE TO EXPOSURE BUT THERE APPEARED TO BE SLIGHTLY HIGHER INCIDENCE OF THOSE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LIVER & KIDNEYS USUALLY FOUND IN CONTROL ANIMALS.

o-Chlorostyrene: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Used to produce polymers and other organic chemicals; [ACGIH]

Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

o-Chlorostyrene is used in the manufacture of polychlorostyrene which is a clear, colorless plastic with good foaming, heat distortion and flame-retardant properties.