Manganous oxide

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

Residues of manganous oxide are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solid diluent, carrier in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

Manganous oxide is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solid diluent, carrier in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals.

0.02 [mg/m3], as Mn (respirable fraction), 0.1 mg/m3, as Mn (inhalable fraction)

8 hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.2 mg/cu m /Manganese and inorganic compounds, as Mn/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Manganese and inorganic compounds, as Mn/

3.9 [mg/m3]

6.5 [mg/m3]

39 [mg/m3]

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228)

Manganese is a cellular toxicant that can impair transport systems, enzyme activities, and receptor functions. It primarily targets the central nervous system, particularily the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia. It is believed that the manganese ion, Mn(II), enhances the autoxidation or turnover of various intracellular catecholamines, leading to increased production of free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and other cytotoxic metabolites, along with a depletion of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to oxidative damage and selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons. In addition to dopamine, manganese is thought to perturbations other neurotransmitters, such as GABA and glutamate. In order to produce oxidative damage, manganese must first overwhelm the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase. The neurotoxicity of Mn(II) has also been linked to its ability to substitute for Ca(II) under physiological conditions. It can enter mitochondria via the calcium uniporter and inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. It may also inhibit the efflux of Ca(II), which can result in a loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity. Mn(II) has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial aconitase activity to a significant level, altering amino acid metabolism and cellular iron homeostasis. (L228)

Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228)

Amt of manganous oxide in smoke & powder from electric furnaces for steel production was 3-12 mg/cu m. Air samples taken from samplers mounted on furnace operators & crane operators nearby gave 0.09 mg/cu m. 3.96 mg/cu m was measured from arc welding of stainless steel.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/... INHALATION OF MANGANESE OXIDE (DUST PARTICLES OF ABOUT 3 UM ...) FOR FEW MO CAUSES PULMONARY PNEUMONITIS IN MANGANESE INDUSTRIAL WORKERS. ... /IT/ IS CHARACTERIZED BY ONSET OF PNEUMONIA, INTENSE DYSPNEA, HIGH BODY TEMP, ACUTE RADIOLOGIC SIGNS OF LOBAR PNEUMONIA, & HEMORRHAGE IN LUNG WITH LITTLE EXPECTORATION ... .

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Cases of manganese poisoning in a plant in Yugoslavia where concentrations of manganese oxide dusts were between 7 and 63 mg/cu m, but the incidence of intoxication was low when concentrations ranged from 3 to 9 mg/cu m.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ IN ITS ACUTE FORM, MANGANESE POISONING HAS THE EFFECT, CHARACTERISTIC OF OTHER HEAVY METALS IF /DUST OR FUME IS/ INHALED IN SUFFICIENT QUANTITY, OF PRODUCING "METAL FUME FEVER".

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... /MANGANESE PSYCHOSIS/ IS NOTABLY ABSENT FROM REPORTS OF MANGANESE POISONING IN STEEL FOUNDRIES & ORE-CRUSHING PLANTS IN UNITED STATES.

/EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES/ A ... role of manganese in the development of bronchial asthma has been found in an epidemiologic study of 809 manganese mine workers in Chiatura, Soviet Union, attributing to manganese the properties of a weak chemical allergen. Of the men examined, 90.79% were between the ages of 31 and 50 yr, and 67.6% had worked in the mines more than 10 yr. Allergic dieases of the respiratory tract were found in 65 workers (8%), including 61 (7.5%) with bronchial asthma or asthmatic bronchitis, and 4 (0.5%) with rhinitis; extrarespiratory allergic diseases, eczema and urticaria, were found 17 (2.1%). Of 21 suffering form bronchial asthma, 10 displayed initial symptoms after recovering from acute respiratory infection while working in manganese production. The disease began gradually, but exacerbation of the condition distinctly correlated with the effect of the mine dust. The etiologic relation of manganese to bronchial asthma was shown by the disappearance of symtoms during the holidays and redevelopment after returning to work. Confirmation of the etiologic role of manganese was made by specific clinical allergologic and immunologic studies (patch tests of the delayed type, promotive inhalation test, and determination of specific damage to basophils). In common with the specific development of allergic states, /it was/ found that bronchial asthma developed rarely (1.6%) in working areas with high manganese dust concn. With low dust concn, at or slightly above the Soviet MAK of 0.3 mg manganese/cu m, the number of patients was considerably higher (7.5%), a finding in agreement with reduction in intensity of the skin reaction in guinea pigs with increased sensitizing doses. Further establishment of the role of manganese in bronchial asthma was found from a comparison of a control group of 130 male residents of Chiatura. Persons suffering from bronchial asthma was 2.5 times less (3%) and, of these, 3 of 4 patients has an infectious allergic type of disease.

/EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY: Subchronic or Prechronic Toxicity/ Inhalation exposures of rabbits to Mn02 dust 4 hours/day for 3 to 6 months at levels of 10 to 20 Mg/cu m resulted in decreased hemoglobin and erythrocytes in the blood; manganese pneumonitis did not occur, but fibrotic changes in the lung resembling those in silicosis were observed.

/EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY: Subchronic or Prechronic Toxicity/ Twenty-four crossbred Florida native wether lambs, 28 kg initially, were /fed/ ... a basal diet (31 ppm manganese dry matter basis) supplemented with either 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 or 4,000 ppm manganese from feed grade manganese oxide or 2,000, 4,000 or 8,000 ppm manganese from reagent grade manganese carbonate... for 84 d ... . Dietary manganese at the highest levels from either source reduced (P less than .05) average daily feed intake and average daily gain. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were not affected by dietary manganese. ... Reduced feed intake and gain and apparent manganese homeostatic failure in liver were the only observed effects that may have been related to manganese toxicosis.

/EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY: Subchronic or Prechronic Toxicity/ ... Male macaque monkeys /were treated/ with repeated subcutaneous injections of Mn02 and produced signs of manganese neurotoxicity. After 5 months of treatment with approximately 8 g Mn, the monkeys became hypoactive and had an unsteady gait and tremor. Histopathological examination of the brains of these monkeys revealed a severe loss of neurons in the globus pallidus, whereas the rest of the brain was normal.

/EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY: Chronic Toxicity or Carcinogenicity/ ... Both rats and monkeys /were exposed/ to an aerosol of manganese tetraoxide produced by the combustion of MMT. After 9 months of exposure, no alterations of pulmonary function or visible signs of neurotoxicity were seen in either species, even in groups exposed to a concentration of 1152 ug/cu m. It is not clear why the monkeys used in this study were not affected because other studies have shown that nonhuman primates develop neurotoxicity when exposed to high levels of manganese. /Manganese tetraoxide/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for MANGANOUS OXIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Manganous oxide in nutrients and/or dietary supplements is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practices.

Trace minerals added to animal feeds. These substances added to animal feeds as nutritional dietary supplements are generally recognized as safe when added at levels consistent with good feeding practice. Element: Manganese; Source compound: manganese oxide. (All substances listed may be in anhydrous or hydrated form.)

Residues of manganous oxide are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solid diluent, carrier in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

Manganous oxide is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solid diluent, carrier in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Manganous oxide is included on this list.

... Substances for which a Federal Register notice has been published that included consideration of the serious health effects, including cancer, form ambient air exposure to the substance. Manganese (50 FR 32627; Aug. 13, 1985) is included on this list. /Manganese/

(CA) CALIFORNIA 500 ug/l /Manganese/

(CT) CONNECTICUT 500 ug/l /Manganese/

(ME) MAINE 500 ug/l /Manganese/

(MN) MINNESOTA 300 ug/L /Manganese/

Used in textile printing, analytical chemistry, chemical manufacturing, ceramics, paints, colored glass, animal feeds, fertilizers, food additives, and dietary supplement; [HSDB] Used to make welding fluxes; Also used in ferrites, thermistors, and other electronic applications; [Ullmann]

Semiconductor Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Ceramics making [Category: Hobbies]

Textile printing; analytical chemistry; catalyst in manufacture of allyl alcohol; ceramics; paints; colored glass; bleaching tallow; animal feeds; fertilizers; food additive and dietary supplement

Fertilizer applications (alone or in combination with manganese sulfate) for manganese-deficient soils; production of specialty ceramics and glasses for electronic applications, in ferrites and thermistors, and for making welding rod fluxes and high-purity manganese chemicals.

(1) by reduction of the dioxide in hydrogen. (2) by heating the carbonate with exclusion of air.

Manganese ores + metallurgical coke (reduction)

A PRODUCT CALLED NU-MANESE CONTAINS 62% OF MANGANOUS OXIDE, OR 48% MANGANESE.

Grades: technical

60% Mn, fine powder for fertilizer use; 38% Mn, coarse granular for bulk blending, fine granular for wet-process ammoniation; 38% Mn, coarse granular for bulk blending, fine granular for wet-process ammoniation.

Manganese oxide, 60% Mn; Manganese Oxide-HP, 77% Mn.

F-287 G, 28% Mn, manganese oxide-sulfate, granular; 42% Mn, 52% Mn, manganese oxide-sulfate, granular; 30-65% Mn, manganous oxide, granular and powder.

Construction

Manganese oxide (MnO): ACTIVE