Benzotrichloride

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Normal fire fighting procedures may be used.

Use dry powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Warning: Benzotrichloride is a strong irritant. Direct contact may result in severe dermal or corneal burns.

General First Aid:

WATER OR FOAM MAY CAUSE FROTHING

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water to knock-down vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Keep containers closed. Store in dry, cool, dark place.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U023, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Incineration with flammable solvent added in incinerator with afterburner and alkaline scrubber.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for BENZOTRICHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

LC50 Daphnia magna (cladoceran) > 100 mg/l /test media: chlorine free tap water, saturated with oxygen, pH 7.6-7.7, temp 20-22 °C, hardness 16 deg (German)/

LC50 Leuciscus idus melanotus (golden orfe) 4,140 mg/l/48 hr /Static bioassay/

LC100 Lueciscus idus melanotus (golden orfe) 8,280 mg/l/48 hr /Static bioassay/

Toxic threshold concn Pseudomonas purida (bacterium) > 100 mg/l/16 hr /25 °C in bi-distilled water; additional conditions of bioassay not specified/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for BENZOTRICHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: The ultraviolet adsorption spectrum for benzotrichloride in methanol solution shows virtually no absorption above 290 nm(1), therefore direct photolysis on soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). Benzotrichloride hydrolyzes quickly in the presence of moisture forming benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid(2). The hydrolysis rate constant at 25 °C and pH 7 is reported to be 0.063 1/sec(3), which corresponds to a half-life of 11 sec(SRC). The hydrolysis rate constant at 5.10 °C was found to be 0.00387 per sec(4), which corresponds to a half-life of 3.0 minutes(SRC). Therefore, leaching, volatilization from moist soil, and biodegradation are not expected to be important fate processes(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Benzotrichloride hydrolyzes quickly in the presence of water forming benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid(1). The hydrolysis rate constant at 25 °C and pH 7 is reported to be 0.063 1/sec(2), which corresponds to a half-life of 11 sec(SRC). The hydrolysis rate constant at 5.10 °C was found to be 0.00387 per sec(3), which corresponds to a half-life of 3.0 minutes(SRC). Therefore, volatilization, bioconcentration, adsorption to sediment, and photolysis are not expected to be important fate processes(SRC). Limited biodegradation data are available to determine the rate or importance of biodegradation of benzotrichloride in water(SRC); however, using a modified OECD-Screening-Test, DOC removal with benzotrichloride was 95-97% after 3 days(4). However, because of the rapid hydrolysis rate, this biodegradation study is probably for benzoic acid, the hydrolysis product of benzotrichloride(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a suggested classification scheme(1), an experimental vapor pressure of 0.4137 mm Hg at 25 °C(2) indicates that benzotrichloride will exist in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase benzotrichloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 45 days(3,SRC). Direct photolysis is not expected to occur in the troposphere due to lack of UV absorption above 290nm(7). Due to the rapid hydrolysis of benzotrichloride in water(4-6), it may hydrolyze in the atmosphere when contacted with moisture(SRC).

Cough. Sore throat. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Burns.

Cough. Sore throat.

Benzotrichloride

Respiratory

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indexes(1), the Koc of benzotrichloride is estimated as approximately 1200(SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that benzotrichloride has slight mobility in soil(SRC). Due to the rapid hydrolysis of benzotrichloride in water(3-5), leaching in moist soils should not be significant due to its degradation to benzoic and hydrochloric acid(SRC).

The mutagenicity of benzotrichloride was evaluated in Salmonella tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, TA100 and Saccharomyces strain D4 with and without metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction. The test article was not mutagenic at concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 10 ul/plate in the presence or absence of metabolic activation, while cytotoxicity at concentrations of 5 and 10 ul/plate was reported in all test strains.

The absorption and excretion of 14C-benzotrichloride (BTC) was studied in groups of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (3/group) exposed by gavage to a single doses of BTC. Groups of females were exposed to average concentrations of 0, 42.5, 40.4, 45.0, 43.0 or 46.0 mg/kg and sacrificed 8, 24, 24, 48, or 72 hrs after dosing, respectively. Groups of males were exposed to average concentrations of 0 or 39.9 mg/kg and sacrificed 72 hrs after dosing. BTC was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and efficiently eliminated in the urine (90%) and feces (10%) in 48 hrs. Radioactivity (as BTC equivalents) in the blood peaked at 6.5 ppm by 4 hrs after dosing and then steadily decreased to 2.6 ppm by 24 hrs. The elimination half-life of 14C in the blood was 22 hr. Total radiocarbon residue in tissues was approximately 1.5% of the dose after 72 hrs with fat, liver, and kidneys containing the highest residue levels. The pharmacokinetics of BTC appeared to follow a one-compartment open model system. BTC was rapidly distributed in the body and then eliminated in the urine following apparent first order kinetics. BTC was rapidly metabolized, apparently being hydrolyzed to benzoic acid which was then conjugated with glycine to form hippuric acid (> 90% of radiocarbon in urine). Small amounts of benzoic acid (0.7%) and phenylacetic acid (0.8%), as well as 4 unidentified metabolites (5.5%) were also found in the urine.

Corrosive to skin, mucous membranes.

The effects of occupational exposure to a mixture of chlorinated toluenes on mortality were studied in 953 organic chemical factory workers. Mortality of 163 exposed employees was compared with that in 790 who were not exposed by first using the rates of mortality for England and Wales and then by using regression models in life tables. Cumulative exposure, age at start of employment in the factory, and age at death were considered. Compared with mortality rates in England and Wales, exposed workers had significantly elevated standard mortality ratios for all causes and all cancers, while the regression models indicated that an increased risk of cancer mortality was found for exposed workers who had first been employed before 1951. Cancers among the exposed employees concerned the mouth and throat, digestive system, respiratory system, genitourinary system, and lymphatic hemopoietic tissue. Although exposures were to several chlorinated toluenes, results from this study and previous studies indicates that benzotrichloride was the most likely carcinogen. /It was concluded/ that there is an increased risk of mortality from cancer among the workers, increased risk of mortality from cancer among the workers, especially those employed before 1951, who were exposed to chlorinated toluenes.

Six cases of respiratory cancer have been reported among benzoyl chloride production workers in two small plants, who were also potentially exposed to benzotrichloride. The cases occurred in young workers, three of whom were nonsmokers.

U023; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when benzotrichloride, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Benzotrichloride is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Benzotrichloride is included on this list.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Benzotrichloride is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 100 lbs.