Trixylenyl phosphate

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

As in any fire, prevent human exposure to fire, smoke, fumes or products of combustion. Evacuate non-essential personnel from the fire area. Firefighters should wear full-face, self contained breathing apparatus and impervious protective clothing. If possible, move containers from the fire area. If not leaking, keep fire exposed containers cool with a water fog or spray to prevent rupture due to excessive heat. High pressure water may spread product from broken containers increasing contamination or fire hazard. Dike fire control water for later disposal. Do not allow contaminated water to enter waterways.

Store away from foodstuffs and animal feed. Containers should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from flammable or oxidizing materials and sources of heat or flame. Information about storage in one common storage facility: Prolonged storage at elevated temperatures under wet alkaline or acidic conditions should be avoided to assure product integrity. Care should be taken to prevent moisture condensation in the container. Carbon steel is the preferred material of construction for storage containers. The product is normally shipped in unlined tank cars, trucks and drums. Further information about storage conditions: The maximum storage temperature is 149 F or 65 °C (higher in the absense of air/moisture). At temperatures below 4.4 °C (40 °F), the viscosity characteristics are such that improved pumping rates may be achieved by warming. Temperatures from 27 - 37.8 deg C (80 - 100 °F) provide good flow rates. This product can be stored and transported in equipment constructed of mild steel.

Soak up liquid with a suitable absorbent such as clay, sawdust, or kitty litter. Sweep up absorbed material and place in a chemical waste container for disposal. Cover spill area with a slurry of powdered household detergent and water. Use stiff brush to work slurry into cracks and crevices. Allow to stand for 2-3 minutes, then flush with water. Dike water for later disposal. Do not allow contaminated water to enter waterways or sewers.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers.

Self contained breathing apparatus. (USCG, 1999)

Protective gloves & clothing were developed in order to reduce the hazard of industrial use of triaryl phosphate. ... /Triaryl phosphate/

Respiratory protection (supplied-air respirator with full facepiece or self-contained breathing apparatus) should be available where these compounds are manufactured or used and should be worn in case of emergency and overexposure. /Phosphorus compounds/

4,4'-DIAMINODIPHENYL DISULFIDE WAS 1 OF 5 ANTIOXIDANTS STUDIED FOR THE PROTECTION OF POISONING BY AROMATIC ESTERS OF PHOSPHORIC ACID (H3PO4). WHEN IT WAS INJECTED SC INTO GUINEA PIGS OR RATS IN COMBINATION WITH TRIXYLENYL PHOSPHATE, IT SHOWED THE GREATEST PROTECTIVE ACTION AGAINST THE INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF AROMATIC ESTERS ON THE ACTIVITY OF CHOLINESTERASE. /AROMATIC ESTERS OF PHOSPHORIC ACID/

LC50; Species: Nitocra spinipes (Harpacticoid Copepod); Conditions: saltwater, static, salinity 7 ppt; Concentration: 1900 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 500-8100 ug/L) /formulation/

LC50; Species: Nitocra spinipes (Harpacticoid Copepod); Conditions: saltwater, static, 21 °C, salinity 7 ppt; Concentration: 880 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 500-1540 ug/L) /formulation/

LC50; Species: Danio rerio (Zebra Danio); Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 23 °C; Concentration: 20000-30000 ug/L for 96 hr /formulation/

EC50; Species: Tetrahymena pyriformis (Ciliate) length 0.2 mL; Conditions: static, 30 °C; Concentration: 160000 ug/L for 24 hr

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.0X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tris(2,4-xylenyl)phosphate is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of tris(2,4-xylenyl)phosphate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Tris(2,4-xylenyl)phosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.1X10-8 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Tris(2,4-xylenyl)phosphate may be susceptible to hydrolysis in alkaline soils based on aquatic data for other triaryl phosphates(6). Biodegradation of aryl phosphates may occur slowly in the environment based on activated sludge tests showing 13 to 65% biodegradation of trixylenyl phosphate over 14 and 25 weeks, respectively(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.0X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tris(2,4-xylenyl)phosphate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Tris(2,4-xylenyl)phosphate may be stable to degradation in waters having slightly acidic and neutral pH values; however, decomposition of tris(2,4-xylenyl)phosphate may occur in alkaline waters via hydrolysis based on data for other triaryl phosphates(8). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 720(SRC), from a log Kow of 5.63(6), measured for Kronitex TXP, a commercial product containing tris(2,4-xylenyl)phosphate and other trixylenyl and triethylphenyl phosphate isomers, and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Biodegradation of aryl phosphates may occur slowly in the environment based on activated sludge tests showing 13 to 65% biodegradation of trixylenyl phosphate over 14 and 25 weeks, respectively(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tris(2,4-xylenyl)phosphate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.1X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase tris(2,4-xylenyl)phosphate may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.9X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that trixylyl phosphate is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of trixylyl phosphate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 5.15X10-8 mm Hg at 30 °C(3), and water solubility, 0.89 mg/L(4). Trixylyl phosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its estimated vapor pressure(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0-1% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(5) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). However, commercial plasticizers containing trixylyl phosphate can be degraded by activated sludge inoculum(4).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.9X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that trixylyl phosphate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 5.15X10-8 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 0.89 mg/L(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 360(SRC), from its log Kow of 5.63(4) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is(SRC). Base-catalyzed second-order half-lives of 2.5 years, 93 days, 9.3 days and 22 hours at pH values of 7, 8, 9 and 10, respectively(2), indicate that hydrolysis may be an important fate process in alkaline water. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0-1% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). However, commercial plasticizers containing trixylyl phosphate can be degraded by activated sludge inoculum(4).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), trixylyl phosphate, which has a vapor pressure of 5.15X10-8 mm Hg at tt °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase trixylyl phosphate may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Trixylyl phosphate does absorb at UV wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: This chemical is a clear liquid. It is sparingly soluble in water.The only commercial products found to contain trixylyl phosphate are generally employed as hydraulic fluids, flame retardants, and plasticizers. This chemical is used in power generation fluids. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Triaryl phosphates include mixed isomers of triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, trixylyl phosphate and others. Of these, the ortho isomer of tricresyl phosphate ... is by far the most toxic. Occupational exposure to this chemical may occur through dermal contact at sites where the commercial products containing it are produced or used. The general population may be exposed to trixylyl phosphate by via dermal contact with consumer products containing the substance. Foods sometimes become contaminated with aryl and alkyl phosphates by diffusion from phosphate treated packaging materials. ANIMAL STUDIES: Delayed neurotoxicity was observed in hens exposed to trioxylyl phosphate. A hydraulic fluid containing trixylenyl phosphate was examined for effects of organophosphorus induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) in hens. A neurotoxic effect was associated with exposure to product. When this chemical is administered to guinea pigs caused disturbances in the neuromuscular function of the limbs. Trixylyl phosphate, mixed isomers, was tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome preincubation assay. Mixed isomers trixylyl phosphate were tested for mutagenicity over a wide range of doses in four Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, and TA 1537) in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Trixylenyl phosphate mixed isomers, were negative in these tests. Ataxia, fine tremor and abnormal timidity was observed in rats given ip injections of this chemical. Rats exposed to this chemical had weight loss and alterations in lung tissue.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ THREE COMMERCIAL TRIARYL PHOSPHATES, PILABRAC 521, REOFOS 95 /TRIXYLYL PHOSPHATE/ AND REOLUB HYD 46, WERE TESTED FOR ACUTE TOXICITY AGAINST THE BRACKISH WATER HARPACTICOID NITOCRA SPINIPES BROECK (CRUSTACEA) AND THE ZEBRA FISH, BRACHYDANIO RERIO. THE 96 HR LC50 VALUES RANGED FROM 0.27 TO 1.75 MG/L, WITH PLIABRAC 521 AS THE MOST TOXIC AND REOLUB HYD 46 AS THE LEAST TOXIC. LOW TO MODERATE ACCUMULATION OF TRIARYL PHOSPHATES WAS OBSERVED. FOR THE VARIOUS TRIARYL PHOSPHATES, A DIETARY ACCUMULATION OF 0.06 TO O.6 FROM FOOD TO MINNOW, PHOXINUS PHOXINUS, WAS OBSERVED. THE MOST HYDROPHILIC COMPOUNDS WERE READILY CLEARED FROM FISH WHEN THE FISH WERE PLACED IN CLEAN WATER, WHEREAS THE MOST LIPOHILIC ONES WERE STILL DETECTABLE, ALBEIT IN LOW CONCENTRATIONS, IN THE FISH AFTER A 2 WEEK DEPURATION PERIOD. A ROTARY FLOW BEHAVIORAL STUDY DID NOT REVEAL ANY EFFECTS ON SWIMMING PERFORMANCE IN THE BLEAK, BUT REPRODUCTION WAS AFFECTED AS A RESULT OF LONG-TERM (163 DAY) EXPOSURE OF MINNOWS TO SUBACUTE CONCENTRATIONS OF PLIABRAC 521.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from, as of October 25, 2012: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=25155-23-1]

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for tris(2,4-xylenyl)phosphate can be estimated to be 1.0X10+5(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that tris(2,4-xylenyl)phosphate is expected to be immobile in soil.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of trixylyl phosphate can be estimated to be 1.9X10+5(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that trixylyl phosphate is expected to be immobile in soil.

The mutagenicity of dimethyl phenyl phosphate was evaluated in Salmonella tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 (Ames Test), both in the presence and absence of added metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction. The compound was tested at concentrations of 2, 6, 18, 54 and 162 ug/0.1 mL in DMSO solvent. Dimethyl phenol phosphate did not cause a positive response in any of the tester strains with or without metabolic activation.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Triaryl phosphates ... include mixed isomers of triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, & ... /others/. Of these, the ortho isomer of tricresyl phosphate ... is by far the most toxic. /Triaryl phosphates/

Specific use information for tris(2,4-xylenyl)phosphate was not located. However, trixylenyl phosphates are produced and used as flame retardants and plasticizers(1) and hydraulic fluids(2) and tris(2,4-xylenyl)phosphate may be released to the environment through various waste streams during such production and/or use(SRC).

Trixylyl phosphate's production and use in commercial flame retardant-plasticizer products, such as wire and cable insulation(2), and in hydraulic and power generation fluids(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Phenol, dimethyl-, phosphate (3:1) is included on this list. Effective date: 10/4/82; Sunset date: 10/4/92.