Pinoxaden

Use appropriate extinguishing media for combustibles in the area. Wear full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus. Evacuate nonessential personnel from the area to prevent human exposure to fire, smoke, fumes or products of combustion. Prevent use of contaminated buildings, area, and equipment until decontaminated. Water runoff can cause environmental damage. If water is used to fight fire, dike and collect runoff. /Axial Herbicide/

Combustible liquid. Can release vapors that form explosive mixtures at temperatures at or above the flash point. Heavy vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition sources and flash back. /Axial Herbicide/

During a fire, irritating and possibly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. /Axial Herbicide/

Store in a cool, dry place. Do not store near seeds, fertilizers, or foodstuffs. /Axial Herbicide/

MaxImum Storage Temp: 95 °F (35 °C) Minimum Storage Temp: 14 °F (-10 °C). Store the material in a well-ventilated, secure area out of reach of children and domestic animals. Do not store food, beverages or tobacco products in the storage area. Prevent eating, drinking, tobacco use, and cosmetic application in areas where there is a potential for exposure to the material. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. /Axial Herbicide/

Safe Storage of Pesticides. Always store pesticides in their original containers, complete with labels that list ingredients, directions for use, and first aid steps in case of accidental poisoning. Never store pesticides in cabinets with or near food, animal feed, or medical supplies. Do not store pesticides in places where flooding is possible or in places where they might spill or leak into wells, drains, ground water, or surface water. /Residential users/

Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment wash water or rinsate. /Axial Herbicide/

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES. Control the spill at its source. Contain the spill to prevent from spreading or contaminating soil or from entering sewage and drainage systems or any body of water. Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions outlined in Section 8. Cover entire spill with absorbing material and place into compatible disposal container. Scrub area with hard water detergent (e.g. commercial products such as Tide, Joy, Spic and Span). Pick up wash liquid with additional absorbent and place into compatible disposal container. Once all material is cleaned up and placed in a disposal container, seal container and arrange for disposition. /Axial Herbicide/

If a spill occurs, clean it up promptly. Don't wash it away. Instead, sprinkle the spill with sawdust, vermiculite, or kitty litter. Sweep it into a plastic garbage bag, and dispose of it as directed on the pesticide product label./Residential users/

After Applying a Pesticide, Indoors or Outdoors. To remove pesticide residues, use a bucket to rinse tools or equipment three times, including any containers or utensils that you used when mixing the pesticide. Then pour the rinsewater into the pesticide sprayer and reuse the solution by applying it according to the pesticide product label directions. After applying any pesticide wash your hands and any other parts of your body that may have come in contact with the pesticide. To prevent tracking pesticides inside, remove or rinse your boots or shoes before entering your home. Wash any clothes that have been exposed to a lot of pesticide separately from your regular wash. /Residential users/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Pesticide Disposal: Pesticide wastes are toxic. Improper disposal of excess pesticides, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal law. If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency, or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. /Axial Herbicide/

Container Disposal: Do not reuse empty container. Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or incineration, or, if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning. If burned, stay out of smoke. /Axial Herbicide/

Safe Disposal of Pesticides. The best way to dispose of small amounts of excess pesticides is to use them - apply them - according to the directions on the label. If you cannot use them, ask your neighbors whether they have a similar pest control problem and can use them. If all of the remaining pesticide cannot be properly used, check with your local solid waste management authority, environmental agency, or health department to find out whether your community has a household hazardous waste collection program or a similar program for getting rid of unwanted, leftover pesticides. These authorities can also inform you of any local requirements for pesticide waste disposal. /Residential users/

Safe Disposal of Pesticides. An empty pesticide container can be as hazardous as a full one because of residues left inside. Never reuse such a container. When empty, a pesticide container should be rinsed carefully three times and the rinsewater thoroughly drained back onto the sprayer or the container previously used to mix the pesticide. Use the rinsewater as a pesticide, following label directions. Replace the cap or closure securely. Dispose of the container according to label instructions. Do not puncture or burn a pressurized container like an aerosol - it could explode. Do cut or puncture other empty pesticide containers made of metal or plastic to prevent someone from reusing them. Wrap the empty container and put it in the trash after you have rinsed it. /Residential users/

Use this product only in accordance with its labelling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. /Axial Herbicide/

If in eyes: Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15-20 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present after the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing eye. Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. /Axial Herbicide/

If on skin or clothing: Take off contaminated clothing. Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for 15-20 minutes. Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. /Axial Herbicide/

If swallowed: Immediately call a poison control center or doctor. Do not induce vomiting unless told to do so by a poison control center or doctor. Do not give any liquid to the person. Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. /Axial Herbicide/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Pinoxaden (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Tolerances are established for the combined residues of pinoxaden (8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-7-oxo-7H-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5] oxadiazepin-9-yl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate), and its metabolites 8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methyl-phenyl)-tetrahydro-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5]oxadiazepine-7,9-dione (M2), and free and conjugated forms of 8-(2,6-diethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-tetrahydro-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5] oxadiazepine-7,9-dione (M4), and 4-(7,9-dioxo-hexahydro-pyrazolo[1,2-d] [1,4,5]oxadiazepin-8-yl)-3,5-diethyl-benzoic acid (M6), calculated as pinoxaden, in/on the following commodities: [Table#7672]

For the combined residues of pinoxaden, 8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-7-oxo-7H-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5] oxadiazepin-9-yl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate), and its metabolites M2, 8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methyl-phenyl)-tetrahydro-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5]oxadiazepine-7,9-dione, and free and conjugated forms of M4, 8-(2,6-diethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-tetrahydro-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5] oxadiazepine-7,9-dione, calculated as pinoxaden, in/on the following commodities: [Table#7673]

Applicators and other handlers must wear: Long-sleeved shirt and long pants. Shoes plus socks. Chemical-resistant gloves, Category A, such as barrier laminate, butyl rubber greater than or equal to 14 mils, nitrile rubber 14 mils, neoprene rubber greater than or equal to 14 mils, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) greater than or equal to 14 mils, or viton 14 mils. /Axial Herbicide/

... Restricted-entry interval (REI) of 48 hours. PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated, such as plants, soil, or water is: Long-sleeved shirt and long pants. Shoes plus socks. Chemical-resistant gloves, Category A, such as barrier laminate, butyl rubber greater than or equal to 14 mils, nitrile rubber greater than or equal to 14 mils, neoprene rubber greater than or equal to 14 mils, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) greater than or equal to 14 mils, or viton greater than or equal to 14 mils. /Axial Herbicide/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value range of 852 to 121(2), indicates that pinoxaden is expected to have moderate to high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of pinoxaden from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.1X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 3.5X10-9 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 200 mg/L(2). Pinoxaden is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2). Pinoxaden biodegrades rapidly with an aerobic half-life of 2 to 3 days in soil(3).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value range of 121 to 852(2), indicates that pinoxaden is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.1X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.5X10-9 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 200 mg/L(2). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 60(SRC), from its log Kow of 3.2(2) and a regression-derived equation(5), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Pinoxaden hydrolysis half-lives are reported as 24.1, 25.3, 14.9 and 0.3 days at pH 4, 5, 7 and 9, respectively(2). Pinoxaden degrades rapidly with an aerobic aquatic half-life of <1 day(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), pinoxaden, which has a vapor pressure of 3.5X10-9 Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase pinoxaden may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC).

/GENOTOXICITY/ In two independent trials of a mammalian cell cytogenetics assay, lymphocyte cultures were prepared from human peripheral blood and exposed to SYN 502836 (a metabolite of Pinoxaden tech.; pinoxaden; 99% a.i., Batch # KI 6513/3M) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2750 ug/mL for either 3 hours with a 17 hour recovery period (Trial 1, +/-S9 and Trial 2, +S9) or 20 hours with no recovery period (Trial 2, -S9). SYN 502836 was tested up to a maximum concentration of 2000 ug/mL (+/-S9), which was limited by reductions in the pH of the treatment medium. Cytotoxicity (as evidenced by reduced mitotic index) was noted at greater than or equal to 1000 ug/mL in Trial 1 (+S9) and at 2000 ug/mL in Trial 2 (+/-S9). No significant increases in aberration frequencies (excluding gaps) were observed in the presence or absence of S9 in either trial. The positive controls induced the appropriate response in all assays. There was no evidence of chromosome aberrations induced over background in the presence or absence of S9-activation. /SYN 502836/

An estimated BCF of 60 was calculated in fish for pinoxaden(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.2(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for pinoxaden is estimated as 9.1X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 3.5X10-9 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 200 mg/L(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that pinoxaden is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Pinoxaden is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ 5/sex/dose Wistar rats (Age: 8 weeks, Weight: 185.9-199.4 g males, 162.6-176.8 g females) were given a single oral dose of pinoxaden technical(Propanoic acid: 97.2%; Batch #: EZ005006; beige solid) or a control dose of 0.5% w/v carboxymethylcellulose in 0.1% w/v polysorbate 80 by oral gavage. The study was performed at a limit dose of either 5,000 mg/kg or 0 mg/kg (control). Individual animal body-weights were recorded prior to dosing, and again on days 7 and 14. Clinical signs of toxicity were made several times post-dosing on the initial study day and daily thereafter for 14 days. All animals were necropsied on study day 14 or immediately after death. ... All control animals survived, gained weight and appeared healthy during the study. No gross internal findings were observed at necropsy. For those animals dosed at 5,000 mg/kg clinical signs of toxicity noted included slight soft feces and hunched posture, but animals recovered from these symptoms by day 1 of the study. One male was found dead on day 5 post-dosing. Gross necropsy of this animal revealed reddish small and large intestines and a reddish caecum. The surviving animals all gained weight during the study and had no gross internal findings at necropsy.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In an acute inhalation toxicity study, 15/sex//dose Wistar rats (Age: 8-11 weeks; Weight: 237.8-260.3 g males; 190.4-220.9 g females) were exposed via nose-only, flow-past inhalation to pinoxaden technical(Propanoic acid: 97.2%; Batch #: EZ005006; solid) for 4 hours at analytically determined concentrations of either 2.249, 3.793 or 5.454 mg/L. The test was initiated at a concentration of 5.454 mg/L, but due to death in 50% of test animals, the dose was lowered to 2.249 mg/L. Based on the lack of deaths at this concentration the dose was raised to 3.793 mg/L in order to measure the LC50. Individual body-weights were recorded prior to testing and on days 4, 8 and 15. The animals were observed for clinical signs of toxicity and mortality once per hour during the aerosol exposure period, after exposure and at least once a day thereafter for 15 days or until death. A gross necropsy examination was performed on all the animals on day 15 or when found dead. ... For those animals dosed at 2.249 mg/L, all survived the study. Clinical signs of toxicity noted during and/or after exposure included laboured respiration, rales (breath sounds), salivation, ruffled fur, hunched posture and red secretion from the nose (in one animal). Symptoms of toxicity persisted until day 7 after exposure. The mean body-weight of the animals decreased during the first 4 days of the study but increased thereafter, exceeding their initial body-weight by the end of the study. Red discolouration of the lymph nodes was observed in two test animals at necropsy. No gross necropsy findings were found for the other test animals. For those animals dosed at 3.793 mg/L, all survived the exposure period. 3/10 animals were found dead 2 days after the exposure period. Clinical signs of toxicity noted during and/or after exposure included tachypnea, laboured respiration, rales (breath sounds), salivation, ruffled fur, hunched posture, restlessness and decreased activity. In one female a swollen abdomen was also observed. Symptoms of toxicity persisted until day 7 after exposure. The mean body-weight of the surviving animals decreased during the first 4 days of the study but increased thereafter, exceeding their initial body-weight by the end of the study. Red discolouration of the lungs was observed at necropsy in 2/3 of the test animals that died during the study. No gross necropsy findings were found for the other test animals. For those animals dosed at 5.454 mg/L, all survived the exposure period. 4/10 animals were found dead the day after the exposure period. A fifth animal was found dead 3 days after the exposure period. Clinical signs of toxicity noted during and/or after exposure included bradypnea, laboured respiration, rales (breath sounds), salivation, ruffled fur, hunched posture, restlessness and decreased activity. Symptoms of toxicity persisted up to day 7 after exposure. The mean body-weight of the surviving animals decreased during the first 4 days of the study but increased thereafter. Males exceeded their initial body-weight by the end of the study while females exceeded their initial body-weight. Red discolouration of the lungs was observed at necropsy in 4/5 of the test animals that died during the study. The other test animal that died had several dark red foci in the thymus at necropsy. One surviving animal had incompletely collapsed lungs at necropsy. No gross necropsy findings were found for the other test animals.

Pinoxaden's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as a herbicide will result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.5X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates pinoxaden will exist solely in the particulate phase in the atmosphere. Particulate-phase pinoxaden will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. If released to soil, pinoxaden is expected to have moderate to high mobility based upon a Koc range of 852 to 121. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.1X10-12 atm-cu m/mole. Pinoxaden biodegrades rapidly with an aerobic half-life of 2 to 3 days in soil and an aerobic half-life of <1 day in water. If released into water, pinoxaden is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 60 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Pinoxaden hydrolysis half-lives are reported as 24.1, 25.3, 14.9 and 0.3 days at pH 4, 5, 7 and 9, respectively. Occupational exposure to pinoxaden may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where pinoxaden is produced or used. (SRC)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

Tolerances are established for the combined residues of pinoxaden (8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-7-oxo-7H-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5] oxadiazepin-9-yl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate), and its metabolites 8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methyl-phenyl)-tetrahydro-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5]oxadiazepine-7,9-dione (M2), and free and conjugated forms of 8-(2,6-diethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-tetrahydro-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5] oxadiazepine-7,9-dione (M4), and 4-(7,9-dioxo-hexahydro-pyrazolo[1,2-d] [1,4,5]oxadiazepin-8-yl)-3,5-diethyl-benzoic acid (M6), calculated as pinoxaden, in/on the following commodities: [Table#7674]

For the combined residues of pinoxaden, 8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-7-oxo-7H-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5] oxadiazepin-9-yl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate), and its metabolites M2, 8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methyl-phenyl)-tetrahydro-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5]oxadiazepine-7,9-dione, and free and conjugated forms of M4, 8-(2,6-diethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-tetrahydro-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5] oxadiazepine-7,9-dione, calculated as pinoxaden, in/on the following commodities: [Table#7675]

For pinoxaden (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 147500) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Herbicides (phenylpyrazole herbicides)

Herbicide

For use in barley and spring and winter wheat. Not for use on durum wheat.

Emulsifiable concentrate

PREMIX PARTNERS: Florasulam

Axial XL (Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC.) 5.05% Pinoxaden

Axial Herbicide (Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC.) 9.71% Pinoxaden

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for Pinoxaden (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Herbicides

Environmental transformation -> Pesticides (parent, predecessor)