Basic information
- CAS
5949-29-1- Standard SMILES
O.O=C(O)CC(O)(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O- InChIKey
YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N- Molecular formula
- C6H8O7.H2O
- Average molar mass
- 210.14 g/mol
- Monoisotopic mass
- 210.03756728
Overview
Citric acid monohydrate is an organic molecular entity.
Names & identifiers
- Preferred name
- 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid hydrate (1:1)
- IUPAC
- 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid;hydrate
- English name
- Citric acid monohydrate
- Molecular formula
- C6H10O8
- Molecular weight
- 210.1388
Names & synonyms
Citric acid monohydrate5949-29-1Citric acid hydrateCITRIC ACID, MONOHYDRATE1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monohydratecitric acid;hydrate2968PHW8QPDTXSID70746681,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, hydrate (1:1)Acidum citricum monohydrateCitiric acidSoothe Chewable
Show more names
citricPROPANONEMETHYL KETONEDIMETHYL KETONECtric AcidMonohydrate citric acidFEMA 3326Citronensαure-hydratCitric acid monohydrat
Surface WipesStop HairAlphacide ActivatorPURILABGREEN FRESHNATURE CLEANRefChem:6528AQUACETIC-30
Database identifiers
- CAS
5949-29-1- PubChem CID
- 22230
- DTXSID
DTXSID7074668- ChEMBL
CHEMBL2107737- ChEBI
CHEBI:31404- UNII
- 2968PHW8QP
- EC Number
- 611-842-9、691-328-9、904-113-4
Properties
Computed structural properties
- Topological polar surface area
- 133 Ų
- Hydrogen bond donors
- 5
- Hydrogen bond acceptors
- 8
- Rotatable bonds
- 5
- Heavy atoms
- 14
- Formal charge
- 0
- Complexity
- 227
Experimental & physicochemical properties
Chemical ClassesOther Classes -> Organic Acids
LogP-1.72
Density1.5 g/cm³
SolubilitySolubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 59.2
Animal DrugsPharmaceuticals -> UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate List
Decomposition175 °C
Melting Point135 °C
Physical Description
Dry Powder
White solid; Slightly deliquescent; [ICSC] White crystals; [Sigma-Aldrich MSDS]
SLIGHTLY DELIQUESCENT WHITE CRYSTALS.
Autoignition Temperature1010 °C
Physicochemical properties
- Melting point
- 135 °C · 135 °C
- Boiling point
- 56 °C760 · 56 °C760 mm Hg(lit.)
- Density
- 0.791 g/mL · 0.791 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
- bulk density
- 800 · 800-1000kg/m3
- vapor density
- 2 · 2 (vs air)
- vapor pressure
- 184 mm · 184 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
- refractive index
- 20 · n20/D 1.359(lit.)
- Flash point
- 1 °F · 1 °F
- storage temp.
- no restrictions.
- solubility
- Citric Acid Monohydrate is very soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol and sparingly soluble in ether.
- form
- Solid
- pka
- 3.138 · 3.138, 4.76, 6.401
- Specific Gravity
- 0.81 · 0.810 (20/4℃)
- color
- White
- PH
- 1.85 · 1.85 (50g/l, H2O, 25℃)
- Odor
- Typical, practically odorless
- Water Solubility
- 1630 g/L · 1630 g/L (20 oC) ;H2O: soluble 54% (w/w) at 10°C (Citric acid in water)
- Sensitive
- Hygroscopic
- Merck
- 14 · 14,2326
- BRN
- 4018641 · 4018641
- Stability
- Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, bases, reducing agents, nitrates.
- Cosmetics Ingredients Functions
- CHELATINGBUFFERINGFRAGRANCE
- InChI
- 1S/C6H8O7.H2O/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);1H2
- InChIKey
- YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- SMILES
- OC(CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O)=O.O
- CAS DataBase Reference
- 5949 · 5949-29-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
- FDA UNII
- 2968 PHW8QP · 2968PHW8QP
- NIST Chemistry Reference
- Citric acid monohydrate(5949-29-1)
- EPA Substance Registry System
- 1 · 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, hydrate (1:1) (5949-29-1)
- UNSPSC Code
- 41116107 · 41116107
- NACRES
- 25 · NA.25
- Symbol(GHS)
- 7 · GHS07
- Signal word
- Warning
- Hazard statements
- 319 · H319-H335
- Precautionary statements
- 261 · P261-P264-P271-P280-P304+P340+P312-P305+P351+P338
- target organs
- Respiratory system
- PPE
- 95 · dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
- Hazard Codes
- F,Xi
- Risk Statements
- 11 · 11-36-66-67-41-36/37/38-37/38
- Safety Statements
- 9 · 9-16-26-37/39-36/37/39-36
- RIDADR
- 1090 · UN 1090 3/PG 2
- WGK Germany
- 1 · 1
- RTECS
- 3150000 · AL3150000
- TSCA
- Yes
- HS Code
- 29181400 · 29181400
- Storage Class
- 11 · 11 - Combustible Solids
- Hazard Classifications
- 2 STOT · Eye Irrit. 2STOT SE 3
- Toxicity
- 50 orally · LD50 orally in Rabbit: 3000 mg/kg
Safety & regulation
GHS classification
GHS Classification
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.6% (18 of 1100) of reports.
Warning
H315 (14.2%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]
P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
Aggregated GHS information provided per 1100 reports by companies from 28 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
Warning
Hazard information
Regulatory Information
Chemical: 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, hydrate (1:1)
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, hydrate (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, hydrate (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)
Citric acid, monohydrate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard
Other Safety InformationIMAP assessments - 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monohydrate: Environment tier I assessment
Fire HazardsCombustible. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air.
Hazards Summary
A mild eye irritant; Causes cough in acute inhalation studies of guinea pigs; Causes ataxia and respiratory depression in oral lethal-dose studies of mice; [RTECS] Aerosol causes skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritation; [ICSC] An irritant; May cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals; [Sigma-Aldrich MSDS] See Citric acid.
EPA Safer ChemicalChemical: Citric acid, monohydrate
Chemical DangersThe solution in water is a weak acid. Attacks copper, zinc, aluminium and their alloys.
Physical DangersDust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air.
Hazard Classes and Categories
Skin Irrit. 2 (14.2%)
Skin Irrit. 2 (100%)
Eye irritation - category 2A
Safety & protection
Fire FightingUse water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.
First Aid Measures
Fresh air, rest.
Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.
Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink.
Safe StorageSeparated from strong bases and oxidants.
Spillage Disposal
Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.
Eye PreventionWear safety spectacles.
Fire PreventionNO open flames. Closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent deposition of dust.
Inhalation RiskNo indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.
Skin PreventionProtective gloves.
Exposure PreventionPREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!
Ingestion PreventionDo not eat, drink, or smoke during work.
Inhalation PreventionUse local exhaust or breathing protection.
Effects of Short Term ExposureThe aerosol is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.
Toxicology
Exposure RoutesThe substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.
Signs and Symptoms
Cough. Sore throat.
Redness.
Redness. Pain.
Burning sensation.
Safety data
- PPE
- dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
- wgk
- 1
- tsca
- Yes
- rtecs
- AL3150000
- ridadr
- UN 1090 3/PG 2
- hs_code
- 29181400
- Toxicity
- LD50 orally in Rabbit: 3000 mg/kg
- risk_code
- 11-36-66-67-41-36/37/38-37/38
- Signal word
- Warning
- Symbol(GHS)
- GHS07
- hazard_code
- F,Xi
- safety_code
- 9-16-26-37/39-36/37/39-36
- Storage Class
- 11 - Combustible Solids
- target organs
- Respiratory system
- Hazard statements
- H319-H335
- Hazard Classifications
- Eye Irrit. 2STOT SE 3
- Precautionary statements
- P261-P264-P271-P280-P304+P340+P312-P305+P351+P338
Chemistry & industry
Pharmacology
FDA Pharmacological Classification
CLEANING SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS MACHINES
Acidifying Activity [MoA]; Anti-coagulant [EPC]; Calculi Dissolution Agent [EPC]; Calcium Chelating Activity [MoA]; Decreased Coagulation Factor Activity [PE]
DESINFECTANT SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS MACHINE
Acidifying Activity [MoA]; Anti-coagulant [EPC]; Calcium Chelating Activity [MoA]; Decreased Coagulation Factor Activity [PE]; Calculi Dissolution Agent [EPC]
MeSH Pharmacological Classification
Agents that prevent BLOOD CLOTTING.
Substances that bind to and sequester CALCIUM ions.
Uses & manufacturing
Uses
Used as an anticoagulant in blood banks, acidulant (beverages, confectionery, cheese, effervescent salts, pharmaceutical syrups, elixirs, effervescent powders, and tablets), antioxidant, sequestering agent to remove trace metals, and mordant to brighten colors; Also used to make alkyd resins and in electroplating, special inks, and analytical chemistry; [Merck Index]
Electroplating [Category: Plate]
U.S. Production2023: 4,729 lb
Industry UsesDispersing agent
Household ProductsInformation on 20 consumer products that contain Citric acid monohydrate in the following categories is provided:
Use Classification
EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Processing Aids and Additives
Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern
General Manufacturing InformationWholesale and Retail Trade
Applications
UsesCitric Acid Monohydrate is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains the stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in the blood. Additionally, Citric Acid Monohydrate is used as an acidulating, food additive, and synergist in antioxidant mixtures.
General DescriptionCitric acid monohydrate is an organic acid. Its molar enthalpy of solution in water has been reported to be ΔsolHm (298.15K, m = 0.0203molkg-1) = (29061 ± 123)Jmol-1
Preparation methods
PreparationCurrently, the industrial production process for citric acid monohydrate crystals involves several steps. First, the citric acid fermentation liquid is separated from the solid-liquid to obtain a citric acid clear liquid. Then, the clear liquid undergoes purification via the calcium salt method (hydrogen calcium method), acidolysis, and decolorization. This purified solution is then heated, concentrated, and crystallized to produce anhydrous citric acid. The mother liquor remaining from this process is then filtered by plate and frame and added to a crystallization cylinder to reach a supersaturated state through cooling and precipitating the crystal. Once the temperature reaches around 13 ℃, the mixture undergoes centrifugal separation, and the resulting wet crystal is then dried in a dryer. The separated mother liquor, after being filtered, decolorized, and concentrated, is added back to the crystallization cylinder to repeat the above steps a total of four to five times. Finally, the mother liquor is returned to the extraction workshop for re-purification via chromatographic separation.
Upstream & downstream products
Upstream raw materials
Downstream products
Suppliers100 total
国药集团化学试剂有限公司86-21-63210123 · [email protected]
北京华美互利生物化工010-56205725 · [email protected]
山西锦洋药用辅料有限公司18234787927
上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司400-6206333 13167063860 · [email protected]
西安清言生物科技有限责任公司15339027915
天津市恒兴化学试剂制造有限公司022-26772349 15822233318 · [email protected]
韶远科技（上海）有限公司021-50795510 4000665055 · [email protected]
Syntechem Co.,Ltd[email protected]
上海迈瑞尔生化科技有限公司4006356688 18621169109 · [email protected]
武汉易泰科技有限公司上海分公司18930552037 · [email protected]
大连美仑生物技术有限公司0411-62910999 13889544652 · [email protected]
阿法埃莎（中国）化学有限公司400-6106006 · [email protected]
安耐吉化学&3A（安徽泽升科技股份有限公司）400-0056266 · [email protected]
北京绿百草科技发展有限公司010-61136123 · [email protected]
上海瀚鸿科技股份有限公司021-54306202 13764082696 · [email protected]
天津万象恒远科技有限公司15722085254 · [email protected]
上海景颜化工科技有限公司13817811078 · [email protected]
上海泰坦科技股份有限公司400-6009262 15618770481 · [email protected]
合肥天健化工有限公司551-65418679 15856988503;15837135945 · [email protected]
天津金汇太亚化学试剂有限公司022-59582624 18622766592 · [email protected]
山东西亚化学有限公司13355009207 13355009207 · [email protected]
玛雅试剂+86 (573) 82222445 (0)18006601000 452520369 · [email protected]
四川库利南科技有限公司400-1166-196 18981987031 · [email protected]
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湖南汇百侍生物科技有限公司0731-85526065 13308475853 · [email protected]
斯百全化学（上海）有限公司021-021-021-67601398-809-809-809 15221380277 · [email protected]
上海源叶生物科技有限公司13636370518 · [email protected]
艾科试剂4008-755-333 18080918076 · [email protected]
青岛保税区鲁联国际贸易有限公司0532-83893697 18561902820 · [email protected]
赛默飞世尔科技（中国）有限公司800-810-5118 · [email protected]
北京伊诺凯科技有限公司400-810-7969 010-59572699 · [email protected]
江苏艾康生物医药研发有限公司025-66113011 13913916777 · [email protected]
潍坊沃腾进出口有限公司0536-2456718
南京杜莱生物技术有限公司025-84699383-8003;025-846993838003-8003 18013301590 · [email protected]
南京生利德生物科技有限公司025-57798810 18652991625 · [email protected]
山东博洛达生物科技有限公司0531-68659041 · [email protected]
上海汇凯化学科技有限公司021-61995394 18916691159 · [email protected]
上海倍卓生物科技有限公司021-61119791,13386096464 · [email protected]
北京环宇世纪化学科技有限公司hysj_bj.com
上海将来实业股份有限公司021-61552785 · [email protected]
天津阿尔塔科技有限公司022-65378550-8551 · [email protected]
HBCChem, Inc.+1-510-219-6317 · [email protected]
上海石洋化工有限公司021-56795766 · [email protected]
大连瑞闻科技有限公司86-0411-62789512 · [email protected]
成都零六生物科技有限公司400-1166-196 13458535857 · [email protected]
上海御略医药科技有限公司021-60345187 13671753212 · [email protected]
上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司15221275939 15221275939 · [email protected]
杭州杰恒化工有限公司0571-87396432 · [email protected]
上海永叶生物科技有限公司86-021-61559134 15921386130 · [email protected]
Additional notes
DefinitionCitric acid and citric acid monohydrate are different. Citric Acid can be obtained as an anhydrous (water- free) form or as a monohydrate. The anhydrous form crystallizes from hot water, while the monohydrate forms when citric acid is crystallized from cold water. The monohydrate can be converted to the anhydrous form at about 78 °C.
DefinitionChEBI: Citric acid monohydrate is an organic molecular entity.
Related reactions
172 records
Compound notes
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