Propylene glycol dinitrate

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Propylene glycol dinitrate:

(General first aid procedures)

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Methemoglobin in blood = 1.5% of hemoglobin during or at end of shift. [ACGIH]

0.01 [ppm] ("MAK value applies for the sum of the concentrations of Ethylene glycol dinitrate, Nitroglycerin and Propylene glycol dinitrate in the air."}[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

/To Fight fire use/ powder, water spray, foam, carbon dioxide.

In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place. (Extra personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus.)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Biodegradation studies have provided conflicting evidence of the biodegradability of propylene glycol dinitrate ... by conventional sewage treatment methods. Suggested alternative treatment methods have included carbon absorption techniques combined with base hydrolysis of propylene glycol dinitrate to the biodegradable propylene glycol, and decomposition of propylene glycol dinitrate using sodium sulfide. Bench-scale wet air oxidation screening tests conducted at 280 C for 60 minutes indicate excellent removal of propylene glycol dinitrate from waste streams that are too dilute to incinerate and too toxic to biotreat.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 68(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,2-propanediol dinitrate is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2-propanediol dinitrate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.4X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated using a fragment constant estimation method(3). 1,2-Propanediol dinitrate forms an azeotrope with water resulting in enhanced volatilization from water(4), but it is unclear whether this will be important in moist soils(SRC). 1,2-Propanediol dinitrate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 0.38 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). 1,2-Propanediol dinitrate was poorly biodegraded using an activated sewage sludge, a pure culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a commercially available inoculum employed for the degradation of nitrogen containing wastes(4), suggesting biodegradation in soil will be slow(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 68(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,2-propanediol dinitrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.4X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4); however, laboratory studies have shown that 1,2-propanediol dinitrate forms an azeotrope with water resulting in enhanced volatilization(5). The Henry's Law constant for the azeotrope was estimated to be about 1X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(5). Based on the Henry's Law constant for the azeotrope, the volatilization half-life from a model river and a model lake are estimated as 2 hours and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.59(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 1,2-Propanediol dinitrate was poorly biodegraded using an activated sewage sludge, a pure culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a commercially available inoculum employed for the degradation of nitrogen containing wastes(5), suggesting biodegradation in water will be slow(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2-propanediol dinitrate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 0.38 mm Hg at 25 °C (SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2-Propanediol dinitrate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 50 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.2X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Confusion. Convulsions. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! See Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

See Inhalation.

irritation eyes; conjunctivitis; methemoglobinemia; headache, impaired balance, visual disturbance; In Animals: liver, kidney damage

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1,2-propanediol dinitrate can be estimated to be 68(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,2-Propanediol dinitrate is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

Grab samples of air in four U.S. Navy torpedo facilities (Naval Weapons Station, Charleston, South Carolina; Naval Weapons Station, Yorktown, Virginia; Naval Submarine Support Facility, New London, Connecticut; and Naval Torpedo Station, Keyport, Washington) had levels of 1,2-propanediol dinitrate ranging from 0 to 0.22 ppm(1).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Human volunteers who repeatedly inhaled propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN) at 0.2 ppm or higher experienced disruption in the organization of the visual evoked response and headache in the majority of the subjects. Those exposed repeatedly at 0.2 ppm for 8 hours daily developed a tolerance to headache; however, alteration in the visual evoked response appeared cumulative. At 0.5 ppm, marked impairment in balance was manifest after 6.5 hours, and 40 minutes of exposure at 1.5 ppm induced ocular irritation. These symptoms resembled the ataxia seen in these same subjects at 100 to 150 mg/ 10 ml. There was, however, a consistent elevation of the diastolic blood pressure in those normotensive subjects exposed to PGDN at 0.5 pp for 8 hours; ... There was no evidence of a significant biochemical or hematologic effect in these male volunteers.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ...A group of 87 Navy personnel who were designated as "chronically exposed" to /propylene glycol, 1,2-dinitrate/ (PGDN) /were studied/. Of these, 29 were tested before and immediately after PGDN exposure during routine torpedo maintenance procedures called "turnarounds". Twenty-one nonexposed controls were similar in sex distribution, race, smoking habits, and caffeine intake; however, the exposed group consumed more than twice as much alcohol as controls. Alcohol is regarded as a substance that aggravates the toxicity of aliphatic nitrates. The duration of exposure of the entire group averaged 47.4 months, and the range was 1-132 months. Air samples were taken during each turnaround procedure. Concentrations ranged from 0.00 to 0.22 ppm and the mean concentration was 0.03 ppm. Only one sample exceeded the then current TLV of 0.2 ppm, and 87.5% of all peak concentrations were equal to or less than one-half the TLV. Neurological tests performed on the chronically exposed Otto fuel workers showed no statistically significant differences from controls. These findings also held for a subgroup of workers who had a longer mean exposure duration of almost 8 years (range of 5 to 11 years). However, quantitative eye tracking tests conducted for 29 turnarounds, showed a significant decrease (p=0.03) in the velocity of eye movement and in latency (p=0.04) when tested before and directly after exposure. Apparent alterations in standing behavior (on one leg for 30 sec) were of questionable significance.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ .../Propylene glycol, 1,2-dinitrate/ (PGDN) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease through attacks due to nitrate withdrawal 1 to 3 days after last exposure and through a long-term risk which persists long after exposure ceases. The short-term risk was noted first and termed "Monday morning angina." This includes findings of angina, myocardial infarction, arrythmia, and sudden death. Generally, symptoms are not induced by exercise or psychic arousal, and no vascular lesions were found at autopsy.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Experimental exposure of volunteers to atmospheres of propylene glycol dinitrate resulted in headaches of presumed vascular origin. The headaches began as mild frontal headaches and became progressively worse and throbbing in nature. Headaches were reported by some subjects exposed to concentrations of propylene glycol dinitrate as low as 0.2 ppm for up to 8 hours. With repeated exposures, the severity and frequency of headaches was observed to decrease. By analogy with the effects of other aliphatic nitrates, the headaches are most likely the result of vasodilation of the meningeal blood vessels.

Using Otto fuel II (76% 1,2-propanediol dinitrate, 22.5% dibutyl sebacate, and 1.5% 2-nitrodiphenylamine) as substrate, 1,2-propanediol dinitrate was shown to be poorly biodegraded using an activated sewage sludge, a pure culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a commercially available inoculum employed for the degradation of nitrogen containing wastes(1).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for 1,2-propanediol dinitrate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1.6(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1,2-propanediol dinitrate is estimated as 9.4X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) calculated using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,2-propanediol dinitrate is not expected to volatilize from moist soil or water surfaces(2). Laboratory experiments using 10 ml of Otto fuel II (76% 1,2-propanediol dinitrate, 22.5% dibutyl sebacate, and 1.5% 2-nitrodiphenylamine) added to an unspecified amount of water showed that 1,2-propanediol dinitrate in solution does not obey ideal solution behavior and there is a positive deviation in Raoult's Law due to the formation of an azeotrope with water(3). This resulted in the unexpected volatilization of 1,2-propanediol dinitrate from water under aerated laboratory conditions(3). The Henry's law constant for the azeotrope was estimated to be about 1X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(3). Based on the Henry's Law constant for the azeotrope, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). 1,2-Propanediol dinitrate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 0.38 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Propylene glycol dinitrate is included on this list.

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329.

Used in Otto Fuel II, a torpedo propellant. [ACGIH]

The principal current use of propylene glycol dinitrate is as a propellant in Otto Fuel II /75% composition/. Nitrates of polyhydric alcohols, of which propylene glycol dinitrate is an example, have been used in medicine for the treatment of angina pectoris, and as explosives since the mid-nineteenth century.

A torpedo propellant called Otto fuel II, used by the Navy, ... /major componet is/ 1,2-propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN).