Tin tetrachloride

Metals -> Metals, Inorganic Compounds

Corrosives

2.34 g/cu cm

Relative density (water = 1): 2.26

2.232 @25 °C

White or slightly yellow crystals or fused small lumps; slight hydrochloric acid odor; very sol in water; sol in alcohol /stannic chloride pentahydrate/

Soluble in acetone, ethanol, gasoline, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, kerosene, methanol

Sol in cold water (decomposes in hot water), carbon disulfide

Soluble in ethanol, carbon tetrachloride, benzene and acetone.

Solubility in water: reaction

Corrosive to metals

Will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, & coatings.

114.15 °C

114 °C

114.1 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-33 °C

-33 °C

-33 °C

-33 °C

9 (air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 9.0

18.0 [mmHg]

18 MM HG AT 20 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 2.4

10 [mm Hg] @10 °C

Danger

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P260, P264, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Stannane, tetrachloro-

Directive (EC) No 46/2002

Stannane, tetrachloro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Stannane, tetrachloro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 14-12-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14578

Tin (IV) chloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

· EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily.

· EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily.

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Nonflammable ... .

Combustible by chemical reaction.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

· CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.

· CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.

Respiratory symptoms were more common in hot end workers in a glass bottle manufacturing plant exposed to stannic chloride; [Reference #1] Produces substantial heat on contact with water; A strong eye and mucous membrane irritant; [Merck Index] Reacts violently with water or moist air forming hydrogen chloride; A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; [ICSC] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; May cause burns on prolonged contact; [HSDB] Reacts with water producing hydrochloric acid and heat; Corrosive to tissue; [CAMEO] Forms hydrogen chloride on contact with moisture; May cause corrosive injuries to skin and eyes; [CHEMINFO] Corrosive to skin and eyes; [eChemPortal: ERMA] Can cause burns; [eChemPortal: ESIS] A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Inhalation may cause chemical pneumonitis; [MSDSonline]

1827 137

1827 137

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

NO hydrous agents. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Use appropriate extinguishing agents on nearby combustible fires. Do not use water-based extinguishers on fires where this material has been released. use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Visibility can be reduced by the solid tin oxide fumes produced when reacted with moisture.

If material involved in fire: Use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray & fog. Use water to knock down vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Outside or detached storage is preferred.

KEEP WELL STOPPERED

Cover ... spills with sufficient amount of sodium bicarbonate. Remove the mixture in a container such as a fiber drum, plastic bag or carton box for easy disposal. ...

If material not involved in fire: ... Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime.

If tin, stannous chloride, stannic chloride, stannous sulfate, or potassium stannate are spilled or leaked, the following steps should be taken: 1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. Collect spilled or leaked material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal. ... Liquid containing inorganic tin compounds should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material.

Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors, protect personnel, and carefully dilute spills to form nonreactive mixtures.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Evacuate danger area! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Ventilation. Cautiously neutralize spilled liquid with soda ash or lime. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Wheezing.

Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.

Inorganic or organic tin compounds placed on the skin or in the eyes can produce skin and eye irritation. (L308)

... Prolonged contact with the skin causes burns ... .

Concern about upper respiratory tract irritation and other symptoms among workers at a glass bottle manufacturing plant led to an epidemiologic and an industrial hygiene survey. Questionnaire responses from 35 hot end and 53 cold end workers indicated that the incidence of wheezing, chest pain, dyspnea on exertion, and cough was significantly elevated among hot end workers. Among smokers and nonsmokers, hot end workers reported higher, but not significantly higher rates of wheezing and chest pain. Among smokers, hot end workers reported significantly higher rates of dyspnea on exertion and cough than did cold end workers. Reported exposure to stannic chloride solution likely caused these symptoms. The industrial hygiene survey, conducted when stannic chloride use had ben reduced, cleaning had been done and ventilation improved, focused on measuring air contaminants that might have caused symptoms. Levels of HCl which apparently was formed by the combination of stannic chloride and water in the presence of heat, were elevated. The finding of increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms among hot end workers was consistent with this exposure. Recommendations were made to reduce hazardous exposures at this plant. Individuals responsible for occupational health should be aware that relatively benign substances, such as stannic chloride and water, can combine spontaneously to form hazardous substances.

Stannic chloride is a fuming caustic liquid, highly irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. The irritating presumably is attributable t o the hydrochloric acid which is generated when stannic chloride reacts with water.

INHALATION EXPOSURE FOR 10 MIN TO TIN TETRACHLORIDE AT CONCN OF 3 MG/CU M WAS SAID TO BE WELL TOLERATED BY GUINEA PIGS. EVEN REPEATED EXPOSURES TO THIS CONCN WAS CLAIMED TO BE TOLERATED.

Microbial communities in water from Baltimore Harbor (Maryland, USA) and from the mainstem of Chesapeake Bay were examined for sensitivity to mercury chloride, monomethyl mercury, stannic chloride, and tributyltin chloride. Acute toxicity was determined by measuring the effects on (3)H-thymidine incorporation, (14)C-glutamate incorporation and respiration, and viability as compared with those of controls. Minimum inhibitory concn were low for all metals except stannic chloride (5 mg/l). The Chesapeake Bay community appeared to be slightly more sensitive to metal stress than the Baltimore Harbor community, but this was not true for all treatments or assays. For culturable bacteria, the opposite result was found. Thymidine incorporation and glutamate metabolism were much more sensitive indicators of metal toxicity than was viability. The use of thymidine incorporation method for ecotoxicology studies was at least equal in sensitivity to metabolic measurements and likely measures the effects on the greater portion of the natural community.

Twenty one different metal chlorides have been tested for mutagenicity in the presence of 9-aminoacridine in strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Stannic chloride was not mutagenic alone, exhibited mutagenicity when combined with 9-aminoacridine in strains TA1537 and TA2637.

LC50 (rat) = 2,300 mg/m3/10min

LD50: 46 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (T57) LC50: 2300 mg/m3 over 10 minutes (Inhalation, Rat) (T14)

LD50 Mouse intraperitoneal 46 mg/kg

LC50 Rat inhalation 2300 mg/cu m/10 min

Though tin metal is very poorly absorbed, tin compounds may be absorbed via oral, inhalation, or dermal routes, with organotin compounds being much more readily absorbed than inorganic tin compounds. Tin may enter the bloodstream and bind to hemoglobin, where it is distributed and accumulates mainly in the kidney, liver, lung, and bone. Tin and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine and feces. (L308)

Used as a mordant, catalyst, stabilizer for colors and perfumes in soap, antistatic agent for synthetic fabrics, and dehydrating agent in organic syntheses; Also used for tinning vessels, making ceramic coatings, dyeing fabrics, weighting silk, curing polymers, treating glass, and producing sensitized paper; [HSDB]

Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry]

Ceramics making [Category: Hobbies]

As mordant; reviving colors; dehydrating agent in organic syntheses; stabilizer for colors and perfumes in soap; in dyeing of fabrics, weighting silk, tinning vessels, in ceramics to produce abrasion resistant or light reflecting coatings.

The main uses of stannic chloride are as a raw material for the manufacture of other tine compounds, especially organotins. and in the surface treatmentof glass and other nonconductive materials, whereby stannic oxide is deposited from the stannic chloride solutions onto the surface giving it strength, abrasive resistance, and conductivity. It is also widely used as a catalyst in Friedel-Craft acylation, alkylation and cyclization reactions, esterifications, halogenations, and curing and other polymerization reactions. Minor uses are as a stabilizer for colors in soap, mordant for dyeing silks in the manufacture of blueprints and other sensitized paper, and as an antistatic agent for synthetic fabrics.

Stannic chloride is made by direct chlorination of tin at 110-115 °C.

Treatment of tin or stannous chloride with chlorine.

The pentahydrate is prepared by dissolving stannic chloride in hot water, thereby forming the pentahydrate at a temperature above the melting point and crystallizing on cooling. /pentahydrate/

STANNIC CHLORIDE IS PREPARED BY HEATING POWDERED TIN WITH MERCURIC CHLORIDE OR BY PASSING A STREAM OF CHLORINE OVER MOLTEN TIN.

Grades: technical, cp (chemically pure)

Often sold in the form of the double salt with sodium chloride: disodium stannic hexachloride monohydrate.

Stannic chloride is available commercially as anhydrous stannic chloride; stannic chloride pentahydrate; and in proprietary solutions for special applications.

A stannic chloride pentahydrate-ammonium bifluoride formulation for fire proofing wool is commercially available and used in New Zealand and Australia.

99.9 & 99.999% purity grades ... .

Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

Stannane, tetrachloro-: ACTIVE

Improperly called tin bichloride.