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Potassium Persulfate

HCID 24412
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Basic informationOverviewNames & identifiersPropertiesSafety & regulationChemistry & industryRelated reactionsCompound notes
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Basic information

CAS
7727-21-1
Standard SMILES
O=S(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-].[K+].[K+]
InChIKey
USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Molecular formula
K2O8S2
Average molar mass
270.33 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass
269.83087232

Overview

Potassium persulfate appears as a white crystalline solid. Specific gravity 2.477. Decomposes below 100 °C.

Names & identifiers

Preferred name
Potassium Persulfate
IUPAC
dipotassium;sulfonatooxy sulfate
English name
Potassium persulfate
Molecular formula
K2O8S2
Molecular weight
270.32

Names & synonyms

POTASSIUM PERSULFATE7727-21-1AnthionPotassium peroxydisulfatePotassium peroxodisulfatePotassium peroxydisulphateDipotassium persulfateDipotassium peroxydisulfatepotassium persulphatePeroxydisulfuric acid, dipotassium salt6B86K0MCZCDTXSID4029690
Show more names
KPSdipotassium peroxodisulfatePEROXYDISULFURIC ACIDVirkon SPotassum Suphates
Potassium peroxydisulfate (K2(S2O8))Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), dipotassium saltDTXCID809690NSC-326763RefChem:175575K2S2O8231-781-8POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE (K2S2O3)

Database identifiers

CAS
7727-21-1
PubChem CID
24412
DTXSID
DTXSID4029690
ChEMBL
CHEMBL3186858
UNII
6B86K0MCZC
EC Number
231-781-8
Nikkaji
J43.953C

Properties

Computed structural propertiesFilling in

Topological polar surface area
150 Ų
Hydrogen bond donors
0
Hydrogen bond acceptors
8
Rotatable bonds
1
Heavy atoms
12
Formal charge
0
Complexity
206

Experimental & physicochemical properties

Chemical Classes · 2 items

Other Classes -> Inorganic Oxidizing Agents

Reactive agents - 1st degree

Cosmetics · 2 items

Cosmetic ingredients (Potassium Persulfate) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Oxidising

pHAQUEOUS SOLN IS ACIDIC
OdorODORLESS
Food AdditivesSURFACE-ACTIVE AGENT -> FDA Substance added to food
Density · 3 items

2.477

2.5 g/cm³

2.477 @25 °C

Color/Form · 2 items

COLORLESS, TRICLINIC CRYSTALS

WHITE CRYSTALS

Solubility · 4 items

1.75 G IN 100 CC OF WATER @ 0 °C

5.2 G IN 100 CC OF HOT WATER @ 20 °C

INSOL IN ALCOHOL

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 5.2

DecompositionDangerous when heated to decomp, emits highly toxic fumes of /sulfur oxides/.

Safety & regulation

Safety information is for reference only and does not replace the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS), applicable regulations, or professional assessment.

GHS classification

GHS Classification · 6 items

Danger

H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

P210, P220, P233, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H272 (100%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

P210, P220, P233, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Hazard information

Regulatory Information · 6 items

Chemical: Peroxydisulfuric acid ([(HO)S(O)2]2O2), potassium salt (1:2)

Hazard Traits - Respiratory Toxicity

Peroxydisulfuric acid ([(HO)S(O)2]2O2), potassium salt (1:2) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Peroxydisulfuric acid ([(HO)S(O)2]2O2), potassium salt (1:2) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 20-10-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14185

Peroxydisulfuric acid, dipotassium salt: HSNO Approval: HSR001343 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Other Safety InformationPEC / SN / Other assessments - Ammonium, potassium and sodium persulfate in hairdressing: Health
DOT Label

Chemistry & industry

Uses & manufacturing

Uses · 6 items

CIR ingredient: Potassium Persulfate

Used to make soap (bleaching), promote polymerization, condition flour, and modify starch; Also used as a reducing agent in photography, a desizing agent in textiles, and an oxidizing agent for dyes; [HSDB]

Photographic Processing [Category: Other]

MEDICATION

SOAP MANUFACTURE; ANALYTICAL REAGENT; POLYMERIZATION PROMOTER; PHARMACEUTICALS; MODIFICATION OF STARCH; FLOUR-MATURING AGENT; DESIZING OF TEXTILES; REDUCING AGENT IN PHOTOGRAPHY

PRINCIPALLY AN INITIATOR IN EMULSION POLYMERIZATIONS; BLEACH FOR SOAP, FAT; OXIDIZING AGENT FOR DYES

U.S. Exports840,916 lb from Japan (1986)
U.S. Production2023: <75,000 lb
Methods of Manufacturing · 2 items

REACTION OF POTASSIUM BISULFATE SOLN WITH AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULFATE ELECTROLYSIS LIQUORS

BY ELECTROLYSIS OF SATURATED SOLN OF POTASSIUM SULFATE.

Formulations/PreparationsARTICLE OF COMMERCE CONTAINS 93-97% POTASSIUM PERSULFATE.
Household Products · 2 items

Cosmetics product ingredient: Dipotassium peroxodisulphate

Information on 18 consumer products that contain Potassium persulfate in the following categories is provided:

Use Classification · 2 items

Food Additives -> FLOUR_TREATMENT_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Cosmetics -> Oxidising

General Manufacturing Information · 3 items

Peroxydisulfuric acid ([(HO)S(O)2]2O2), potassium salt (1:2): ACTIVE

... IN PHOTOGRAPHY UNDER THE NAME ANTHION TO REMOVE LAST TRACES OF THIOSULFATE FROM PLATES AND PAPER ...

POTASSIUM PERSULFATE HAS BEEN FOUND USEFUL IN WASTE GAS TREATMENT.

Related reactions

274 records
New reaction record
HRID 47146 reaction equation
HRID 47146As reactantuspto-grants-1979_11
HRID 52656 reaction equation
HRID 52656As reactantuspto-grants-1997_04
HRID 53858 reaction equation
HRID 53858As reactantuspto-grants-1997_04
HRID 59052 reaction equation
HRID 59052As reactantuspto-grants-2016_09
HRID 61953 reaction equation
HRID 61953As reactantuspto-grants-2016_09
HRID 65437 reaction equation
HRID 65437As reactantuspto-grants-1986_09
HRID 73476 reaction equation
HRID 73476As reactantuspto-grants-2014_09
HRID 127894 reaction equation
HRID 127894As reactantuspto-grants-1981_03
Page 1 of 35

Compound notes

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On this pageBasic informationOverviewNames & identifiersPropertiesSafety & regulationChemistry & industryRelated reactionsCompound notes
More actions
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Vapor Density2.48
Food Contact SubstancesFCS -> FDA Inventory of Food Contact Substances Listed in 21 CFR
Refractive IndexINDICES OF REFRACTION: 1.461, 1.467, 1.566

Physicochemical properties

Melting point
1067 °C · 1067 °C
Boiling point
1689 °C · 1689 °C
Density
2.47 · 2.47
bulk density
1150 kg/m3 · 1150kg/m3
vapor density
9.3 · 9.3 (vs air)
vapor pressure
0 Pa · 0Pa at 25℃
storage temp.
5 °C · Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility
2 O: · H2O: 0.5 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form
Solid
Specific Gravity
2.477 · 2.477
color
White
PH
3.2 · 3.2 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor
Odorless
PH Range
2.5 · 2.5 - 4.5
Water Solubility
5 g/100 · 5 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Merck
14 · 14,7656
Exposure limits
0.1 mg/m3 · ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability
Stable. Strong oxidizer. Incompatible with strong reducing agents, organic materials, combustible materials.
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions
OXIDISING
InChI
1S/2K.H2O8S2/c;;1-9(2,3)7-8-10(4,5)6/h;;(H,1,2,3)(H,4,5,6)/q2*+1;/p-2
InChIKey
USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L
SMILES
[K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O
LogP
-1 at · -1 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference
7727 · 7727-21-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS)
POTASSIUM PERSULFATE
FDA 21 CFR
175.105 · 175.105; 175.210; 176.170;177.1210; 177.2600
EWG's Food Scores
3 · 3-6
NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms
KPS
FDA UNII
6 B86K0MCZC · 6B86K0MCZC
EPA Substance Registry System
Potassium persulfate (7727-21-1)
Cosmetics Info
Potassium Persulfate
UNSPSC Code
12352302 · 12352302
NACRES
23 · NA.23
Symbol(GHS)
3 · GHS03,GHS07,GHS08
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements
272 · H272-H302-H315-H319-H317-H335-H334
Precautionary statements
210 · P210-P220-P280-P264-P270-P261-P272-P271-P284-P370+P378-P301+P312-P330-P302+P352-P332+P313-P362+P364-P305+P351+P338-P337+P313-P333+P313-P304+P340-P312-P342+P311-P403+P233-P405-P501
target organs
Respiratory system
Hazard Codes
O,Xn
Risk Statements
8 · 8-22-36/37/38-42/43
Safety Statements
22 · 22-24-26-37
RIDADR
1492 · UN 1492
WGK Germany
1 · 1
RTECS
5900000 · TT5900000
TSCA
TSCA listed
HS Code
2833 · 2833 40 00
HazardClass
5.1 · 5.1
PackingGroup
III
Storage Class
5.1 B · 5.1B - Oxidizing hazardous materials
Hazard Classifications
4 OralEye · Acute Tox. 4 OralEye Irrit. 2Ox. Sol. 3Resp. Sens. 1Skin Irrit. 2Skin Sens. 1STOT SE 3
Hazardous Substances Data
7727 · 7727-21-1(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity
50 orally · LD50 orally in Rabbit: 802 mg/kg
REACH Registrations
Active
Limited Quantities
5 kg · 5.0 kg (11 lbs) (solid)
Excepted Quantities
Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L)
Oxidizer
Fire Hazards · 3 items

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

CAUTION: Ammonium nitrate products may explode if involved in fire or contaminated with hydrocarbons (fuels), organic matter, other contaminants or when hot molten and contained. Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).

Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with combustible substances.

Fire PotentialPOTASSIUM PERSULFATE PLUS A LITTLE POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE & WATER IGNITED POLYTHENE (POLYETHYLENE) LINER OF CONTAINER BY SIMULTANEOUS RELEASE OF HEAT & OXYGEN.
Health Hazards · 2 items

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

· Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.

Hazards Summary · 1 item

Frequent skin rashes are reported in workers exposed to persulfates (S2O8). Rats inhaling 4-20 mg/m3 of ammonium persulfate 23.5 hours/day for 7 days show signs of lung inflammation and loss of body weight. The TLV is proposed to reduce irritation of skin, throat, and respiratory tract. [ACGIH] May cause skin sensitization; [CHEMINFO] May cause respiratory sensitization; [eChemPortal: NICNAS] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; May cause skin sensitization, dermatitis, and asthma after prolonged contact; May cause general allergic reaction, like urticaria or shock. [ICSC] An irritant; May cause skin and respiratory sensitization after prolonged contact; [MSDSonline] It may induce either Type I reactions (urticaria, anaphylaxis, and asthma) or Type IV reactions (allergic contact dermatitis). [Kanerva, p. 1514] See Ammonium persulfate.

DOT ID and Guide1492 140
Reactive GroupOxidizing Agents, Strong
EC ClassificationSymbol: O, Xn; R: 8-22-36/37/38-42/43; S: (2)-22-24-26-37
UN ClassificationUN Hazard Class: 5.1; UN Pack Group: III
Reactivity AlertsStrong Oxidizing Agent

Safety & protection

Fire Fighting · 2 items

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

First Aid Measures · 4 items

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Accidental Release Measures · 2 items

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

First Aid · 2 items

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

General First Aid:

Safe StorageCool. Dry. Well closed. Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents and strong bases.
Exposure Control and Personal Protection· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Storage ConditionsKeep containers closed and store in cool dark places.
Cleanup Methods · 1 item

Cover with reducing agents such as hypo, bisulfites or ferrous salts. Bisulfites or ferrous salts need additional promoter of some 3M sulfuric acid to accelerate reaction. Transfer the slurry (or sludge) into a large container of water and neutralize with soda ash. Drain into a sewer with abundant water.

Nonfire Spill ResponseExcerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:
Disposal MethodsUse vast volume of concentrated solution of reducing agent (bisulfites or ferrous salts with 3M sulfuric acid or hypo). Neutralize with soda ash or dilute hydrogen chloride. Drain into a sewer with abundant water.
Spillage Disposal · 1 item

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Cautiously neutralize remainder. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Isolation and Evacuation · 2 items

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Immediate precautionary measure

Toxicology

Adverse EffectsSkin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.
Exposure RoutesThe substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.
Toxicity Summary · 2 items

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium Persulfate are safe as used as oxidizing agents in hair colorants and hair lighteners designed for brief discontinuous use followed by thorough rinsing from the hair and skin. The Panel also concluded that the available data are insufficient for determining the safety of these persulfates in leave-on products and dentifrices.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

Signs and Symptoms · 4 items

Cough. Wheezing. Sore throat. Laboured breathing.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea.

ICSC Environmental DataThe substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.
Human Toxicity Excerpts · 2 items

ONLY ONE INSTANCE OF BURN OF HUMAN CORNEA SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN RECORDED AND THIS HEALED IN 48 HR. NO DETAILS HAVE BEEN FURNISHED.

MODERATE IRRITANT & ALLERGEN.

Toxicity DataLC50 (rat) > 10,725 mg/m3/4h

Safety data

wgk
1
tsca
TSCA listed
rtecs
TT5900000
ridadr
UN 1492
hs_code
2833 40 00
Toxicity
LD50 orally in Rabbit: 802 mg/kg
risk_code
8-22-36/37/38-42/43
Signal word
Danger
Symbol(GHS)
GHS03,GHS07,GHS08
hazard_code
O,Xn
safety_code
22-24-26-37
hazard_class
5.1
Storage Class
5.1B - Oxidizing hazardous materials
packing_group
III
target organs
Respiratory system
Hazard statements
H272-H302-H315-H319-H317-H335-H334
Limited Quantities
5.0 kg (11 lbs) (solid)
Excepted Quantities
Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L)
REACH Registrations
Active
Hazard Classifications
Acute Tox. 4 OralEye Irrit. 2Ox. Sol. 3Resp. Sens. 1Skin Irrit. 2Skin Sens. 1STOT SE 3
Precautionary statements
P210-P220-P280-P264-P270-P261-P272-P271-P284-P370+P378-P301+P312-P330-P302+P352-P332+P313-P362+P364-P305+P351+P338-P337+P313-P333+P313-P304+P340-P312-P342+P311-P403+P233-P405-P501
Hazardous Substances Data
7727-21-1(Hazardous Substances Data)
Applications · 6 items

UsesIt can be used as gluten agent of wheat flour. It is mainly used as a disinfectant and fabric bleach. It can be used as industrial oxidant in dyes and inorganic salts. It can be used as emulsion polymerization initiators in synthetic rubber industry. It can be used as polymerization accelerator in synthetic resin. In addition, it can also be used in the steel, photographic industry and medicine. It can be used as analytical reagents, oxidants and plastic initiator, it can also be used in the film photofinishing. The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Wang Xiaodong.

DescriptionPotassium persulfate, is composed of white crystals that are soluble in water, and it decomposes below 212°F (100°C). Potassium persulfate is a dangerous fire risk in contact with organic materials. It is a strong oxidizing agent and an irritant, with a four-digit UN identification number of 1492. The primary uses are in bleaching, as an oxidizing agent, as an antiseptic, as a polymerization promoter, and in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals.

UsesPotassium persulfate is used to initiate the polymerization of styrene to form monodispersed, surfactant-free polystyrene spheres. Potassium persulfate is used as an oxidant to generate 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation to measure the antioxidant activities of natural compounds.

UsesBleaching fabrics, soaps; in photography under the name Anthion to remove last traces of thiosulfate from plates and paper; in analytical chemistry.

UsesPotassium persulfateis a powerful oxidant, commonly used to initiate polymerizations. Potassium Persulphate used for bleaching and textile desizing, as an oxidizing agent and antiseptic, in purification of ammonium sulfate, and in the manufacture of soap and pharmaceuticals. It is also used as al laboratory oxidant and photography chemical. It is a food additive.

General DescriptionA white crystalline solid. Specific gravity 2.477. Decomposes below 100°C.

Preparation methods · 1 item

PreparationPotassium persulfate can be prepared by electrolysis of a mixture of potassium sulfate and potassium hydrogen sulfate at a high current density:2KHSO4→K2S2O8+ H2Also, the compound can be prepared by adding potassium hydrogen sulfate,KHSOto an electrolyzed solution of ammonium hydrogen sulfate, NH4HSO4.

Upstream & downstream products

Upstream raw materials

Ammonium persulfateAmmonium sulfateSulfuric acidPotassium sulfate

Downstream products

sheeting sensitized gluediagnosis latex microsphors combining anti fetoprotein3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid8-Acetyl-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-chromen-2-oneacramoll W pastemodified filling agent SBRpolymer flocculantself crosslinked type polyacrylate salt super absorbentoil-proof, water-proof finishing agentrubber latex 109BAfiltrate reducer PAC typeFRAXIDINHydrogen peroxidemodified acrylic resin emulsion Jrubber latex BAhigh-hydroscopic resin (3)warp dressing agent MVAcflocculant TS-614an improved PVA hydrogel as artificial vitreous bodybrubber latex 202BACu(II) imprinted chelating resin2,5-Dinitrobenzoic acidPolyacrylamideIsopropylxanthic disulfide