Copper Sulfate

2.29 at 59 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

3.6

3.6 g/cm³

3.6 @25 °C

Grayish-white to greenish-white rhombic crystals or amorphous powder /SRP: somewhat wet/

White when dehydrated

Gray to white and has rhombic crystals

Very soluble in hot water, soluble cold water

Soluble in methanol (1.1 g/100 ml), but insoluble in ethanol; it readily dissolves in aqueous ammonia and excess alkali metal cyanides, with the formation of complexes

In water, 243 g/l @ 0 °C.

75.4 g/100 cc water @ 100 °C

1.04 g/100 cc methanol @ 18 °C

Solubility in water, g/l at 20 °C: 203 (freely soluble)

650

650 °C (decomp to cupric oxide)

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /sulfur oxides/.

650 °C (decomp to cupric oxide)

SLIGHT DECOMP ABOVE 200 °C

650 °C. This produces toxic fumes of sulfur oxides (see ICSC 0074). Reacts violently with hydroxylamine. This generates fire hazard. Reacts with magnesium powder. This produces flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen - see ICSC 0001). Reacts with acetylene and potassium chlorate. This generates explosion hazard. Attacks some metals in the presence of water.

590

590 °C decomp

Cupric sulfate appears as a white or off-white solid. Melting point 200 °C with decomposition. Non-combustible.

Dry Powder; Large Crystals; Liquid; Liquid; Other Solid; Dry Powder; Wet Solid; Large Crystals; Dry Powder; Wet Solid; CBI

Grayish-white to greenish-white solid; Hygroscopic; Soluble in water; [Merck Index] White odorless crystalline solid; Soluble in water (316 g/L at 20 deg C); [MSDSonline]

WHITE HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS.

On heating dec above 560 degree

Hydroscopic, with conversion to the pentahydrate in moist air below 30 °C

Dielectric constant: 10.3 @ 17 to 22 °C

Warning

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]；H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]；H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]；H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]；H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.1% (14 of 1268) of reports.

Chemical: Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt (1:1)

Commission Regulation No 844/2012

Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 22-12-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15416；Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 06-05-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/24414

Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

Copper sulphate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:；Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. (ERG, 2024)

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. See Chemical dangers

INGESTION: copper sulfate may induce severe gastroenteric distress (vomiting, gastroenteric pain, and local corrosion and hemorrhages), prostration, anuria, hematuria, anemia, increase in white blood cells, icterus, coma, respiratory difficulties, and circulatory failure. (USCG, 1999)

A strong irritant; [Merck Index] A severe skin and eye irritant; A respiratory tract irritant; Can cause copper poisoning after ingestion; [ICSC] Interferes with embryo development in high-dose animal studies; [REPROTOX] An irritant; [MSDSonline] See Copper sulfate. See Copper.

In accordance with 21 CFR 184.1(b)(1), the ingredient is used in food with no limitation other than current good manufacturing practice. The affirmation of this ingredient as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as a direct human food ingredient is based upon the following current good manufacturing practice conditions of use: 1) The ingredient is used as a nutrient supplement as defined in 21 CFR 170.3(o)(20) of this chapter and as a processing aid as defined in 21 CFR 170.3(o)(24) of this chapter. 2) The ingredient is used in food at levels not to exceed current good manufacturing practice. Copper sulfate may be used in infant formula in accordance with section 412(g) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) or with regulations promulgated under section 412(a)(2) of the act. Prior sanctions for this ingredient different from the uses established in this section do not exist or have been waived.

Trace minerals added to animal feeds. These substances added to animal feeds as nutritional dietary supplements are generally recognized as safe when added are levels consistent with good feeding practice. Element: Copper; Source compound: copper sulfate. (All substances listed may be in anhydrous or hydrated form.)

A tolerance is established in potable water for residues of copper resulting from the use of the algicides or herbicides basic copper carbonate (malachite), copper sulfate, copper monoethanolamine, and copper triethanolamine to control aquatic plants in reservoirs, lakes, ponds, irrigation ditches, and other potential sources of potable water.

Anhydrous CUPRIC SULFATE serves as a weak oxidizing agent. Causes hydroxylamine to ignite. Gains water readily. The hydrated salt is vigorously reduced by hydroxylamine [Mellor 8:292(1946-1947)]. Both forms are incompatible with finely powdered metals. Both are incompatible with magnesium, corrode steel and iron, may react with alkalis, phosphates, acetylene gas, hydrazine, or nitromethane, and may react with beta-naphthol, propylene glycol, sulphathiazole and triethanolamine if the pH exceeds 7 (NTP, 1992). Both act as acidic salts, corrode metals and irritate tissues.

Cupric sulfate is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

The solution in water is a weak acid. Decomposes at 650 °C. This produces toxic fumes of sulfur oxides (see ICSC 0074). Reacts violently with hydroxylamine. This generates fire hazard. Reacts with magnesium powder. This produces flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen - see ICSC 0001). Reacts with acetylene and potassium chlorate. This generates explosion hazard. Attacks some metals in the presence of water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:；SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.；LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.；FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention if skin irritation occurs.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

INGESTION: induce vomiting and administer gastric lavage; give a saline cathartic, fluid therapy, and transfusions if required; calcium disodium EDTA has been found moderately effective.；SKIN AND EYES: wash affected tissues with water. (USCG, 1999)

Environmental concerns - land spill: Dig a pit, lagoon,or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.

Environmental concerns - water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Adjust pH to neutral (pH= 7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:；Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust. (ERG, 2024)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Group III Containers (both combustible and non-combustible) that previously held organic mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic pesticides should be triple rinsed, punctured and disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Non-rinsed containers should be encapsulated and buried at a specially designated landfill site. /Organic mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic pesticides/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for copper (II) sulfate: activated carbon.

Add slowly to a large container of water. Stir in slight excess of soda ash. Let stand for 24 hr. Decant or siphon into another container and neutralize with 6 M HCl. ... The sludge may be added to landfill. Recommendable methods: Precipitation, solidification, & landfill. Peer-review: ... Copper can be recovered by cation exchange. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance, protective clothing, protective gloves and safety goggles. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Personnel protection: Keep upwind. ... Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources & sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers.

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

THE IV INDUCED STIMULATION OF ALPHA-ADRENERGIC NERVOUS SYSTEM BY CUPRIC SULFATE WAS PARTIALLY ATTENUATED BY PRETREATMENT OF SHEEP WITH METHYSERGIDE. PHENOXYBENZAMINE COMPLETELY BLOCKED THE EFFECTS OF CUPRIC SULFATE & TREATMENT WITH PROPRANOLOL ENHANCED THE EFFECTS.

Acute copper (II) sulfate poisoning in the mouse induces renal tubular degeneration and necrosis. Administration of sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropane-sulfonate effectively prevented the development on the morphological sequelae of copper intoxication.

Pokeweed mitogen (PWM), a T cell-dependent polyclonal B cell activator, stimulates the differentiation of immunoglobin secreting cells from normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. ... Peripheral blood mononuclear cells failed to generate immunoglobin secreting cells in response to poke weed mitogen after brief exposure to D-penicillamine and copper sulfate; preincubation with either penicillamine or copper sulfate alone had no effect. Experiments utilizing purified populations of B and T cells indicated that penicillamine and copper sulfate markedly inhibited helper T cell activity but not B cell function.

Dimercaptosuccinic acid ... administered intragastrically to rabbits after sc administration of copper sulfate promoted urinary excretion.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for COPPER(II) SULFATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

People must absorb small amounts of copper every day because copper is essential for good health, however, high levels of copper can be harmful. Very-high doses of copper can cause damage to your liver and kidneys, and can even cause death. Copper may induce allergic responses in sensitive individuals. (L278, L279)

LC50 Anguilla rostrata (American eel) 3.20 mg/l/96 hr. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Schistosoma mansoni (Miricidia) 8.5 mg/l per hr. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC90 Schistosoma mansoni (Miricidia) 15.75 mg/l per hr. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Puntius conchonius 0.709 mg/l/48 hr in water hardness of 310 mg/l calcium carbonate. /Static bioassay/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for COPPER(II) SULFATE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Terrestrial Fate: In soil, copper sulfate is partly washed down to lower levels, partly bound by soil components, and partly oxidatively transformed.

... Granular copper sulfate /was applied/ to the surface of Hoover Reservoir, Franklin County, Ohio. Soluble and particulate cupric copper concn at several depths were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for four days after application. The soluble cupric copper concn decreased to near baseline values in 2 to 6 hr when 0.2 or 0.4 g of copper sulfate per square meter were added to the surface. Most of the copper sulfate was dissolved in the first 1.75 m of the water column, and only 2 percent of the total copper sulfate reached the depth of approx 4.5 m.

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.；Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Oral (L277) ; inhalation (L277) ; dermal (L277)

For healthy, non-occupationally-exposed humans the major route of exposure to copper is oral. The mean daily dietary intake of copper in adults ranges between 0.9 and 2.2 mg. ... In some cases, drinking water may make a substantial additional contribution to the total daily intake of copper, particularly in households where corrosive waters have stood in copper pipes. ... All other intakes of copper (inhalation and dermal) are insignificant in comparison to the oral route. Inhalation adds 0.3-2.0 ug/day from dusts and smoke. Women using copper IUDs are exposed to only 80ug or less of copper per day from this source. The homeostasis of copper involves the dual essentiality and toxicity of the element. Its essentiality arises from its specific incorporation into a large number of proteins for catalytic and structural purposes. The cellular pathways of uptake, incorporation into protein and export of copper are conserved in mammals and modulated by the metal itself. Copper is mainly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. From 20 to 60% of the dietary copper is absorbed, with the rest being excreted through the feces. Once the metal passes through the basolateral membrane it is transported to the liver bound to serum albumin. The liver is the critical organ for copper homeostatis. The copper is partitioned for excretion through the bile or incorporation into intra- and extracellular proteins. The primary route of excretion is through the bile. The transport of copper to the peripheral tissues is accomplished through the plasma attached to serum albumin, ceruloplasmin or low-molecular weight complexes. ... The biochemical toxicity of copper, when it exceeds homeostatic control, is derived from its effects on the structure and function of biomolecules, such as DNA, membranes and proteins directly or through oxygen-radical mechanisms. The toxicity of a single oral dose of copper varies widely between species. ... The major soluble salts (copper(II) sulfate, copper(II

Excess copper is sequestered within hepatocyte lysosomes, where it is complexed with metallothionein. Copper hepatotoxicity is believed to occur when the lysosomes become saturated and copper accumulates in the nucleus, causing nuclear damage. This damage is possibly a result of oxidative damage, including lipid peroxidation. Copper inhibits the sulfhydryl group enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, and paraoxonases, which protect the cell from free oxygen radicals. It also influences gene expression and is a co-factor for oxidative enzymes such as cytochrome C oxidase and lysyl oxidase. In addition, the oxidative stress induced by copper is thought to activate acid sphingomyelinase, which lead to the production of ceramide, an apoptotic signal, as well as cause hemolytic anemia. Copper-induced emesis results from stimulation of the vagus nerve. (L277, T49, A174, L280)

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Nausea. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Shock or collapse.

Breathing high levels of copper can cause irritation of the nose and throat. Ingesting high levels of copper can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and respiratory difficulty. (L278, L279)

Chemical: Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt (1:1)

Commission Regulation No 844/2012

Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 22-12-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15416；Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 06-05-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/24414

Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

Copper sulphate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

In accordance with 21 CFR 184.1(b)(1), the ingredient is used in food with no limitation other than current good manufacturing practice. The affirmation of this ingredient as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as a direct human food ingredient is based upon the following current good manufacturing practice conditions of use: 1) The ingredient is used as a nutrient supplement as defined in 21 CFR 170.3(o)(20) of this chapter and as a processing aid as defined in 21 CFR 170.3(o)(24) of this chapter. 2) The ingredient is used in food at levels not to exceed current good manufacturing practice. Copper sulfate may be used in infant formula in accordance with section 412(g) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) or with regulations promulgated under section 412(a)(2) of the act. Prior sanctions for this ingredient different from the uses established in this section do not exist or have been waived.

Trace minerals added to animal feeds. These substances added to animal feeds as nutritional dietary supplements are generally recognized as safe when added are levels consistent with good feeding practice. Element: Copper; Source compound: copper sulfate. (All substances listed may be in anhydrous or hydrated form.)

A tolerance is established in potable water for residues of copper resulting from the use of the algicides or herbicides basic copper carbonate (malachite), copper sulfate, copper monoethanolamine, and copper triethanolamine to control aquatic plants in reservoirs, lakes, ponds, irrigation ditches, and other potential sources of potable water.

Cupric sulfate is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

V - Various；V03 - All other therapeutic products；V03A - All other therapeutic products；V03AB - Antidotes；V03AB20 - Copper sulfate

QV - Various；QV03 - All other therapeutic products；QV03A - All other therapeutic products；QV03AB - Antidotes；QV03AB20 - Copper sulfate

About 80 percent of the absorbed copper is bound to liver metallothionein; the remainder is incorporated into cytochrome c oxidase or sequestered by lysosomes. The bioavailability of copper from the diet is about 65-70% depending on a variety of factors including chemical form, interaction with other metals, and dietary components.

Copper is an essential mineral that plays a key role in many physiological processes, including angiogenesis, skin generation and expression and stabilization of skin proteins. Copper is found naturally in many food sources including meats, vegetables, and grains. Copper has potent biocidal properties and is used to eliminate bacteria, viruses and parasites,. Copper is one of the nine essential minerals for humans, as it plays an imperative role in various physiological pathways in basically all human tissue, as well as in the health of the dermis and epidermis. In addition to the above, copper is essential in wound healing, as it promotes angiogenesis and skin extracellular matrix formation and stabilization.

This drug is an essential trace element for the functioning of many metalloenzymes including ceruloplasmin, ferroxidase II, lysyl oxidase, monoamine oxidase, Zn-copper superoxide dismutase, tyrosinase, dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and cytochrome-c-oxidase. It is involved in erythropoiesis & leukopoiesis, bone mineralization, elastin and collagen cross-linking, oxidative phosphorylation, catecholamine metabolism, melanin formation & antioxidant protection of cells. Cupric sulfate may also have a role in iron turnover, ascorbic acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, myelin formation, glucose homeostasis, and cellular immune defense. After the metal passes through the basolateral membrane it is transported to the liver, attached to serum albumin. The liver is the critical organ for the homeostasis of copper. The copper is then prepared for excretion through the bile or incorporation into various proteins. The transport of copper to the peripheral tissues is accomplished through the plasma attached to serum albumin, ceruloplasmin or low-molecular-weight complexes. In the dermis, copper promotes dermal fibroblasts proliferation, upregulates collagen (types I, II, and V) and elastin fiber components (elastin, fibrillins) production by fibroblasts, through the induction of TGF-β, promotes heat shock protein-47, important for collagen fibril formation, serves as a cofactor of LOX enzyme required for extracellular matrix protein cross-linking, stabilizes the skin ECM once formed, as increased crosslinking of collagen and elastin matrices occurs in a copper dose dependant manner, serves as a cofactor of superoxide dismutase, an antioxidant enzyme in the skin, essential for protection against free radicals, inhibits cellular oxidative effects such as membrane damage and lipid peroxidation, acts as a cofactor of tyrosinase, a melanin biosynthesis essential enzyme responsible for skin and hair pigmentation. In reference to its role as a biocide, copper is an essential nutrie

A significant drop in metabolic reserves was noted in cupric sulfate treated snails. Free amino acid levels dropped and the lactate level increased. The effects of copper treatment on rates of metabolite oxidation and ammonia production in the presence of exogenously added alpha-ketoglutarate were evaluated. A 92% drop in alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, a 33% drop in alanine aminotransferase, and a 78% rise in glucose 6-phosphatase were recorded. Molluscicidal activity of copper was due to a metabolic block in the tricarboxylic acid cycle at the alpha-ketoglutarate level.

ACUTE IV INFUSION OF 300 MG COPPER SULFATE IN CONSCIOUS SHEEP CAUSED AN INCREASE FROM 10.3 TO 22.5 TORR IN MEAN PULMONARY ARTERY PRESSURE & PULMONARY ARTERY WEDGE PRESSURE FROM 3.5 TO 7.6 TORR, WHEREAS SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL PRESSURE INCREASED FROM 95 TO 102 TORR. CARDIAC OUTPUT DECREASED FROM 4.7 TO 3.3 L/MIN. PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE & SYSTEMIC VASCULAR RESISTANCE INCREASED TO 320 & 160% OF BASE LINE, RESPECTIVELY. THIS PULMONARY HYPERTENSION WAS PRODUCED BY STIMULATION OF THE ALPHA-ADRENERGIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Maximum blood copper levels were observed within 1 to 3 hours following oral administration, and about 50 percent of ingested copper was absorbed. Copper absorption is believed to occur by two mechanisms, one energy- dependent and the other enzymatic. Factors that can interfere with copper absorption include competition for binding sites with zinc, interactions with molybdenum and sulfates, chelation with phytates, and inhibition by ascorbic acid. Copper absorbed from the intestine is transported quickly into blood serum and deposited in the liver bound to metallothionein. It is released and incorporated into ceruloplasmin, a copper-specific transport protein. The remaining copper in the serum binds to albumin or amino acids or is contained in the erythrocytes. About 80 percent of the absorbed copper is bound to liver metallothionein; the remainder is included into cytochrome c oxidase or sequestered by lysosomes.

Copper is mainly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, but it can also be inhalated and absorbed dermally. It passes through the basolateral membrane, possibly via regulatory copper transporters, and is transported to the liver and kidney bound to serum albumin. The liver is the critical organ for copper homoeostasis. In the liver and other tissues, copper is stored bound to metallothionein, amino acids, and in association with copper-dependent enzymes, then partitioned for excretion through the bile or incorporation into intra- and extracellular proteins. The transport of copper to the peripheral tissues is accomplished through the plasma attached to serum albumin, ceruloplasmin or low-molecular-weight complexes. Copper may induce the production of metallothionein and ceruloplasmin. The membrane-bound copper transporting adenosine triphosphatase (Cu-ATPase) transports copper ions into and out of cells. Physiologically normal levels of copper in the body are held constant by alterations in the rate and amount of copper absorption, compartmental distribution, and excretion. (L277, L279)

Agents counteracting or neutralizing the action of POISONS.

Agents that cause vomiting. They may act directly on the gastrointestinal tract, bringing about emesis through local irritant effects, or indirectly, through their effects on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the postremal area near the medulla.

Primarily absorbed in the small intestine. Based on studies with radioactive isotopes of copper, most copper is absorbed from the stomach and duodenum of the gastrointestinal tract. Maximum blood copper levels are observed within 1 to 3 hours following oral administration, and about 50 percent of ingested copper was absorbed. Copper absorption is proposed to occur by two mechanisms, one energy- dependent and the other enzymatic. Factors that can interfere with copper absorption include competition for binding sites with zinc, interactions with molybdenum and sulfates, chelation with phytates, and inhibition by ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Copper absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract is transported rapidly to blood serum and deposited in the liver bound to metallothionein. From 20 to 60% of the dietary copper is absorbed.

This drug is 80% eliminated via the liver in bile. Minimal excretion by the kidney. Metabolism studies show that persons with daily intakes of 2-5 mg of copper per day absorbed 0.6 to 1.6 mg (32%), excreted 0.5 to 1.3 mg in the bile, passed 0.1 to 0.3 mg directly into the bowel, and excreted 0.01 to 0.06 mg in the urine. As the data indicate, urinary excretion plays a negligible role in copper clearance, and the main route of excretion is in the bile. Other nonsignificant excretory routes include saliva, sweat, menstrual flow, and excretion into the intestine from the blood.

The body of a 70 kg healthy individual contains approximately 110 mg of copper, 50% of which is found in the bones and muscles, 15% in the skin, 15% in the bone marrow, 10% in the hepatic system, and 8% in the brain. The distribution of copper is affected by sex, age, and the amount of copper in the diet. Brain and liver have the highest tissue levels (about one-third of the total body burden), with lesser concentrations found in the heart, spleen, kidneys, and blood. The iris and choroid of the eye have very high copper levels. Erythrocyte copper levels are generally stable, however, plasma levels fluctuate widely in association with the synthesis and release of ceruloplasmin. Plasma copper levels during gestation may be 2-3 times levels measured before pregnancy, due to the increased synthesis of ceruloplasmin.

Effect of hydrogen ion (H+) concentration, water hardness, suspended solids, fish age, size, and species, acclimatization to copper, and levels of copper in food on poisoning of fish by copper sulfate used as a herbicide in freshwater ponds is discussed. Copper levels in muscle, kidney, and organs of rainbow trout were approximately 0.8-1.1, 2.0-2.3, and 115-150 mg/kg fresh weight, respectively, after 12 months intermittent exposure to various copper sulfate containing formulations 0.6, 2.0, and 100 mg/kg, respectively, in controls ... .

Male rats were orally administered for 2, 5, and 11 days with 0.5 mmol/kg of copper cmpd. ... In the case of cupric carbonate, copper was much more distributed in the tissues, especially in the liver, than for copper sulfate. The copper level increased progresively in mitochondria lysosomal fractions of the liver in proportion to the period of administration. In the 105,000 g supernatant fraction, copper was distributed in the metallothionein fraction rather than in the superoxide dismutase fraction. The administration of copper cmpd resulted in an increase in the zinc level in the liver, kidney and spleen, preferentially in the metallothionein fraction of the liver, but it seemed to have little effect on iron metabolism.

Used to detect and remove trace amounts of water from alcohols and other organic compounds; Also used as a pesticide (fungicide, molluscicide, bacteriostat, herbicide, and algaecide), a micronutrient additive for fertilizer and animal feed, a froth flotation agent, a component of electroplating solutions, a component of chromated copper arsenate, an agent for leather tanning and hide preservation, a titration reagent, an antidote for white phosphorus poisoning, formerly an emetic (discontinued due to toxicity), and a veterinary drug (nutritional factor, astringent antiseptic, and fungicidal agent); [HSDB]

Electroplating [Category: Plate]；Using Disinfectants or Biocides [Category: Clean]；Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]；Leather Tanning and Processing [Category: Industry]；Fur Dressing and Dyeing [Category: Industry]；Metal Extraction and Refining [Category: Industry]；Farming (Feed Additives) [Category: Industry]

Preparing and mounting animal skins (taxidermy) [Category: Hobbies]

The medicinal use of copper as an emetic was discontinued because of its toxicity.

For Copper(II) sulfate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 024408) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Anhydr salt for detecting and removing trace amounts of water from alcohols and other organic compds; as fungicide

(1985) 1.03X10+9 g

(1986) 1.14X10+9 g

2023: 2,500,000,000 - <4,000,000,000 lb；2022: 2,500,000,000 - <4,000,000,000 lb；2021: 2,500,000,000 - <4,000,000,000 lb；2020: 2,500,000,000 - <4,000,000,000 lb

(1983) 3.72X10+7 g

Laboratory chemicals；Intermediate；Flotation agent；Pigment；Flocculating agent；Soil amendments (fertilizers)；Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable；Catalyst；Absorbent；Antioxidant；Chemical reaction regulator；Plating agent；Processing aids not otherwise specified；Other；Flavoring and nutrient

REACTION OF SCRAP OR SHOT COPPER WITH DILUTE SULFURIC ACID AND AIR; BY-PRODUCT RECOVERED BY CRYSTALLIZATION FROM COPPER REFINERY LIQUORS /SRP: BLUE SALT IS DEHYDRATED BY HEATING TO ANHYDROUS CUPRIC SULFATE./

Action of dilute sulfuric acid on copper or copper oxide (often as oxide ores) in large quantities with evaporation and crystalization.

Copper + sulphuric acid (salt formation); byproduct of copper electrolysis and etching process (product is generally only suitable for agricultural purposes)

Produced from careful dehydration of the pentahydrate at 250 °C; an impure product can also be produced from copper metal and hot sulfuric acid.

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 024408; Trade Names: None listed.

Grade: Technical, CP, NF, also sold as monohydrate. Available as crystals or powder.

Crystals; wettable powder; suspension concentrate

Various crystal sizes: medium, large liquid, powder (snow) form, granular, water soluble

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for COPPER(II) SULFATE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cosmetics -> Skin conditioning

Plastics -> Pigments agents

Plastics -> Polymer Type -> N.a.

ALGICIDES

Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing；Other (requires additional information)；Construction；All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing；Paint and Coating Manufacturing；Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing；Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting；Primary Metal Manufacturing；Transportation Equipment Manufacturing；Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing；Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing；All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing；Utilities；Mining (except Oil and Gas) and support activities

Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1): ACTIVE

Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt (1:?): INACTIVE

The cmpd, eg cupric sulfate, cupric chloride, cupric acetate and cupric nitrate, showed excellent preservation of mosses and lichens, and very good preservation of ferns and grasses.

... The highest utilized copper cmpd in the USA is copper sulfate.

COPPER(II) CHLORIDE IS A READILY AVAILABLE FORM OF COPPER IN FEEDING TRIALS WHICH COMPARES FAVORABLY WITH COPPER SULFATE IN CATTLE AND SWINE TRIALS.